• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

In this study we conducted a research regarding the effect on learning immersion and perception of the learning environment by learning presence of students in the Department of aeronautical science and flight operation in the context of non-face-to-face lectures caused by COVID-19. The relationship between learning presence (cognitive presence, emotional presence, and social presence) and learning commitment showed a high correlation. The learning immersion was also found to increase when cognitive presence, emotional presence, and social presence increased in multiple regression analysis to find out the effects of cognitive presence, emotional presence, and social presence, which are sub-factors of learning presence. The advantage of non-face-to-face classes was to be the ease of learning, and the disadvantage of non-face-to-face classes was the most difficulty of the learning process in the content analysis of the non-face-to-face class environment.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 2019

Presence server should process massive SIP subscription request messages and massive presence event notifications from presence resources in real time. Therefore multiple servers architecture is needed for presence service system. In this paper, an architecture of multiple servers presence service system using SIP based CCMP control messages for lowering presence server load level has been presented. In this system, each presence server exchanges current load status using CCMP control messages, and total system load according to variance of users number and amount of presence resources has been effectively distributed processed. The CCMP control messages has been optimally designed to control presence servers, and exchange procedures of these control messages between presence servers has been also presented and the performance of the proposed multiple servers presence service system has been analysed by experiments. The result shows that average presence subscription processing time reduced from 40.8% to 69.2% and average presence notification processing time reduced from 29.4% to 62.7%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.585-588
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• 2005

The Presence Agent Server receives user's presence information via PUBLISH request message and let subscribers to know that information. IMPP client has a functions for PUA(presence user agent) as a base operational entity. In some circumstance, the client has both pua and pa logical entities. However presence agent server has take part only of PA. In this paper, we describes the design and implementation that contains modules based configurations and approaches for presence agent server. Also, we describe how we handle each events and database API instruction set.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of learners' learning flow in the effect of presence on academic achievement in web-based e-learning. For this purpose, this study analyzed the influencing relationship between the each factor based on the structural model with the learning flow as a mediator variable. Based on existing theoretical studies, learning satisfaction and academic achievement, which represent learning outcomes, are set as dependent variables, and teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence are set as independent variables. Data collected from a total of 256 e-learning learners were used in the analysis of this study. According to the results of the analysis, teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence were found to have a significant effect on academic achievement when a learning flow is a mediator variable. Concretely, teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence have a positive effect on the learning flow, while learning flow has a positive effect on learning satisfaction. On the other hand, learning flow has a negative effect on academic achievement. As a result of verifying the mediating effect of learning flow on the relationship between presence, learning satisfaction, and academic achievement, there was meditating effect in the aggregate. This study implies that in order to increase the level of learning satisfaction and academic achievement, it is necessary to make the teaching-learning design in the provision of contents and materials for e-learning so that the learner can feel the presence. The results of this study can be used as a basic data for seeking support and promotion strategies for enhancement of future learning flow and presence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.2678-2684
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• 2014

In this paper a new message control method that can reduce server load and network traffic in XMPP/SIP presence service system has been proposed. This presence service system can process both XMPP(Extensible Massaging and Presence Protocol) based presence information and SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) based presence information. A new XMPP stanza architecture with added elements for presence stanza and IQ stanza has been designed, and a new presence information data processing method which can reduce size of SIP notification message and SIP PUBLISH message has been suggested. Furthermore a messages exchanging procedure that can transfer presence information between XMPP domain and SIP domain has been also suggested. The performance of the proposed system has been analysed by simulation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to explore the effect of the delivery format on teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes in distance learning of nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted to understand teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes depending on the delivery format of distance learning. Quota sampling methodology was used to recruit 295 nursing students from all over the country, and data collection was done from July 27 to September 10, 2020. The first delivery format for distance learning was synchronous learning in which communication between the instructor and students occurred simultaneously. The second delivery format was asynchronous learning in which prerecorded videos were provided and communication did not occur simultaneously. Results: In synchronous learning, teaching presence (especially direct facilitation) and learning presence (especially emotional expression) had a statistical significance that was higher than in asynchronous learning. However, in learning outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference. There were significant positive correlations between teaching presence, learning presence, and learning outcomes, and there were significant positive correlations. Conclusion: It can be suggested that learning outcomes can be improved if presence is improved in the distance learning environment based on the results of this study. It is necessary to add contact with nursing students and instructors to improve teaching presence in the asynchronous learning, and it is necessary to help students express their emotions to improve learning presence.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-137
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• 2021

Embracing the important roles of presence, this study focused on exploring how to enhance online learners' learning engagement and learning achievement in distance higher education settings. More specifically, this study examined the structural relationships among university students' teaching presence, social presence, learning engagement, and perceived learning achievement in online learning environments using structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 206 university students enrolled in online courses in the second semester of 2020 at two large universities. According to the results of the data analysis, there was a significant relationship between teaching and social presence. Teaching presence and social presence predicted learning engagement that positively affected perceived learning achievement. Teaching presence was strongly associated with perceived learning achievement while social presence had a negative impact on that. Additionally, learning engagement had a mediating effect on the relationship between teaching presence and perceived learning achievement. This study found that students who perceived higher levels of teaching and social presences tend to more engage in learning, leading to perceiving better learning achievement. The findings suggest that the design, development, and implementation of effective online instruction should be needed to promote learning engagement, which can be linked to enhancing students' learning achievement. Implications and discussion are addressed in this article.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.34-41
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• 2007

The presence service which provides user's presence information by subscription and notification is one of SIP(session initiation protocol) extension services, and it is used importantly in VoIP(Voice over IP) and Instant Messaging service. In this paper, we propose a new method in which users can combine and control presence service and call processing services in various ways by extending call processing language, and only changed parts of the presence information are published instead of full presence information document. Each user registers full presence information document with his own call processing script during the first publication to a presence server. The presence server executes these call processing scripts, so it can provide various services with combination of presence service and call processing services during the presence subscriptions and notifications. Afterwards, users publish only changed parts of the presence information and the presence server notify only these changed parts to watchers. Therefore the efficiency of the overall system can be improved. The performance of our proposed model is evaluated by experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.1281-1284
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• 2003

인스턴트 메시징(Instant Messaging: IM) 서비스는 인터넷 또는 IP 네트워크상에서 온라인 상태에 있는 사용자들간에 간단한 메시지를 주고 반을 수 있는 서비스이다. Presence 서비스는 통신을 원하는 사용자들의 온라인 상태 및 최신의 위치 정보를 제공함으로써 IM 서비스와 같은 Presence 정보를 기반으로 하는 다른 응용 서비스와 연계하여 활용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 Presence 서비스와 IM 서비스를 통합한 시스템을 SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)를 기반으로 하여 구현하였다. SIP는 텍스트 기반의 호설정을 처리하는 프로토콜로서 혜더 부분의 확장을 통해 다른 응용 서비스에 쉽게 적용이 가능한 장점을 가지고 있다. 구현된 시스템에서 Presence 서비스의 Presence 정보는 XML로 인코드된 CPIM(Common Presence and Instant Messaging) PIDF(Presence Information Data Format) 포맷으로 하여 처리하였고 IM 서비스는 페이저 모델(Pager Model)로 구현하였다 또한 시스템 내에서 필요한 보든 인증 처리 부분을 RFC 2617에 정의되어 있는 HTTP 다이제스트 인증을 사용하여 보안기능을 높였다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.3
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• pp.371-378
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• 2004

SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) is a text based call signaling protocol that has characteristics such as flexibilities and extensibility for various application services over Internet. In this paper, we have implemented SIP based integrated Instant Messenger system which includes Presence Watcher Information service that can notify various current users status. In this system, voice and video communications are also possible as well as text based instant messages. For voice and video communication, we have newly proposed a method in which direct connection is possible between users without creation of SW INVITE dialog by extending PRESENCE TUPLE of presence information. In this case, PRESENCE TUPLE stores some informations necessary for the session.