• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-84
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• 2012

Because of the rising healthcare costs, there is a growing need for developing efficiency indicators for medical resources use and measuring efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems using them. In this study, we aimed to develop efficiency indicators for medical resources use by means of Delphi technique. We systematically reviewed the existing measures of medical resource use. Thirty nine indicators were selected as a candidates across the six domains: medical personnel, medical equipment, medical facilities, ethical management, resource efficiency, and drug use. To develop efficiency indicators with professional consensus, a 2-round Delphi survey was conducted among 29 professional experts. The following indicators were selected based on the Delphi survey results: adjusted number of the patient per day and level of the nurse number medical personnel in medical personnel domain; the number of the scan a professional physician and the quality of the scan in medical equipment domain; bed utilization rate in medical facility domain; drug price reported pharmaceutical price by medical institutions, medical fee billing transparency, and medical care appropriateness in ethical management domain; costliness index in resource efficiency domain; and utilization of high cost drug and items per prescription in drug use domain. The efficiency indicators could provide valid information about efficiency of healthcare providers and healthcare systems with respect to their resources use and facilitate policies to improve their efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.527-531
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• 2003

Hot-water extract from selected medicinal herbs of diabetes prescription was mixed with brown rice and pearled barley flours and extruded to prepare a reconstituted grain for diabetes millitus patients. Even though the cooked reconstituted grain containing medicinal herb extract was somewhat different from cooked ordinary rice in textural properties measured by texture analyzer, it was estimated to be organoleptically acceptable in sensory parameters. The reconstituted grain added with medicinal herb extract reduced the rate of dialysis of glucose evaluated by in vitro dialysis experiment. The effects of reconstituted grain diet on blood glucose levels in diabetes patients were studied during 3-week period. Compared to normal diet, the reconstituted grain diet for 2 weeks significantly decreased the fasting and 2-hr postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetes patients by 14% and 10%, respectively. These results suggested that the reconstituted grain could be used as an effective therapeutic diet for the control of diabetes mellitus.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.30-43
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• 1999

This is a fundamental study for bibliometric analysis investigating the general, research, copyright activities and cited literature related to the field of Oriental Medicine, The data used for this study included theses published by the Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine Society over a period of nine years, from 1990 to 1998, We investigated the productivity of national authors, distribution of cited literature and subject analysis about Oriental Medicine and its authors quantitatively, So we were able to reach several conclusions: 1. The rule of Lotka is applied considerably to analyze the productivity of authors in the field of Oriental Medicine, When it comes to the analysis of national authors it was found that most authors in this field of study published 2 to 10 volumes, likewise other studies. And the rate of co-authorships was high, because most surveys are clinical. 2. When it comes to distribution of cited literatures, independent volumes were cited more than journals. This represents that the citing style of Oriental Medicine has a tendency to follow the methodology of historical research. 3. Scholars in the field of Oriental Medicine mainly tend to cite self-subjects among cited literatures. After analysing self-subjects in this field, the result is that the order of frequency used as cited literatures is as follows: Internal Medicine, Herbology and Oriental Prescription, Acupuncture & Moxibustion. Acupuncture point, and subjects with the circulatory system diseases were mainly cited as far as subordinary subjects of Internal Medicine.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.235-253
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• 2001

Tae-yeul is the baby's disorder inheritted by its mother during fregnancy. This is due to its mother's overeating hot, fatty food and taking harmful medicine. So internal physical fever is accumulated in mother's body, and it heats up the placenta and the umbilical cord. Generally, this disorder means the skin disease that is occurred from $2{\sim}5$ months to 1 year after birth. It is specialized by the dirty oozing, a severe itching and the rash at its head and face. It is similar in its symptoms such as atopic dermatitis in western medicine. Recently, this disease has the increasing tendency of prevalence rate because of the bad atmosphere and the invironmental pollution. The results were summerised as follows; 1, 2, 3, 4 1. The causes of Tae-yeul are summarized by fragnat woman's contacting a cool air, overating a hot and toxic food and taking emotional shock. 2. The symptoms of Tae-yeul are the edema on upper eyelids, stifling convulsions, flush, the fever of one side body, the asthma of sputum increase, the yawing of the tired mind, the bowl complaint, the red urine and urination disturbance. 3. In the treatment method of Tae-yeul, its mother feed her milk after taking a madicine. So one must expect to be treated slowly. If one tries to treat it with a cool madicine quickly, it can cause vomitting or a serious disorder. 4. In the prescription of Tae-yeul, they used a Moktongsan, a Chiwhnagtang, an Yangyoubang, a Tojuksan, a Whangyunsan, a Juryungtang and a Kamdutang, etc.. For the method of cleaning face or bathing, they used Sasungsan, Whanbaekpijuntang. 5. Tae-yeul including Naesun, Taelyumchang, yousun, etc. is similar to the atopic dermatitis of western medicine in its symptoms.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

Objectives : Cosmeceutical activities such as anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects of the Doinseunguitang and its composition, a traditional prescription, were evaluated. Methods : We performed MTT assay, melanin synthesis inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition assay, astringent activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, elastase and collagenase inhibition assay. Results : The results were obtained as follows : DPPH free radical scavenging of water extract Doinseunguitang (DISG) and ethanol extract DISG was 60% and 50% at 1,000 ppm. Xanthine oxidase inhibition effect of ethanol extract showed more than 80% at 500 ppm. Tyrosinase inhibition and inhibition melanin synthesis activities were measured in 40% and 50% at 1,000 ppm and 100 ppm. Elastase and collagenase inhibition rate of ethanol extracts DISG 40% and 80% at 1,000 ppm. It was concluded that compositive ingredients (Persicae Seman, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Rhei Rhizoma) influenced the most results. Conclusions : The results indicated that, ethanol extract which is superior in its anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects is useful to be applied in herbal cosmetic industry.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of Korean Medical Therapy (KMT) for patients undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Methods : We analysed clinical data of 61 patients who visited for KMT after IVF from January 2013 to December 2013. Results : 1. Above 2years (63.9%) was the most prevalent duration of infertility. 2. The mean age of patients was 36.0 years old. The most prevalent age was 31~35 (45.9%) and 36~49 (27.9%) was next. 3. Anjonicheon-tang was the most prevalent KMT prescription, followed by Sutae-hwan, Jogyeongjongok-tang . 4. Twenty seven patients (44.3%) succeeded in pregnancy. And twenty patients (32.8%) succeeded in delivery. 5. The average duration of KMT was 73.8 days. Pregnancy success group was treated for 78.1 days, and pregnancy fail group was treated for 57.0 days. As a result, pregnancy success group was more treated than pregnancy fail group by 21.1 days in KMT. Conclusions This study suggested that KMT affects improvement of the clinical pregnancy and delivery rate in IVF.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2000

We performed this study to determine the effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, as a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, and its major ingredients on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation, apopotosis in jejunal crypt cells, lethality and hematological change of mice irradiated with high and low dose of Y-radiation. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang administration before irradiation protected the jejunal crypts (p<0.0001), increased the formation of endogenous spleen colony (p<0.05) and reduced the frequency of radiation-induced apoptosis (p<0.05). The survival rate and mean survival time of the groups treated with Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang within 30 days after the treatment were far better than the irradiation control group. In the experiment on the effect of ingredients of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, the result indicated that the extract of Rensan (Panax ginseng), Danggui (Angelica sinensis), Shengma (Cimicifuga heracleifolia) and Chaihu (Bupleurum falcatnosa) might have a major radioprotective effect. Although the mechanisms of this inhibitory effect remain to be elucidated, these results indicated that BU-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang might be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product. Further studies are needed to characterize better the protective nature of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang extract and its ingredients.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.98-103
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• 2010

The design disaster prevention of first consideration is security for the people in the buildings. However, it is difficult to make a project for considering variable cases, declined visibility of smoke, distance from another person, mentality, knowledge of clearway etc. This study purpose is, analysis variable cases and modularization of pattern movement to practice basic information for evacuation of simulation which is used RTLS (Real Time Location System) system. It is useful to sense the electric waves from the Tag and grasp the real-time position. The pattern movement of evacuation were analyzed prescription eyeglasses which is used RTLS system to consider following 3 actions; analysis of relations that declined visibility effect the decline of movement velocity, analysis rate of flow with the size of door to estimate the optimum size of door in building and analysis the pattern movement that a bottleneck situation with abundant of people passed together to these exit. The confirmed of propriety of the interpretation about the actual people to evacuate is expected applying the numerical formula in various situation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2018

Objective: This study analyzed the national claims data of veterans to generate scientific evidence of the trends and appropriateness of their drug utilization in an outpatient setting. Methods: The claims data were provided by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA). Through sampling and matching data, we selected two comparable groups; Veterans vs. National Health Insurance (NHI) patients and Veterans vs. Medical Aid (MAID) patients. Drug use and costs were compared between groups by using multivariate gamma regression models to account for the skewed distribution, and therapeutic duplication was analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: In equivalent conditions, veteran patients made fewer visits to medical institutions (0.88 vs. 1), had 1.86 times more drug use, and paid 1.4 times more drug costs than NHI patients (p<0.05); similarly, veteran patients made fewer visits to medical institutions (0.96 vs. 1), had 1.11 times more drug use, and paid 0.95 times less drug costs than MAID patients (p<0.05). The risk of therapeutic duplication was 1.7 times higher (OR=1.657) in veteran patients than in NHI patients and 1.3 times higher (OR=1.311) than in MAID patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Similar patterns of drug use were found in veteran patients and MAID patients. There were greater concerns about the drug use behavior in veteran patients, with longer prescribing days and a higher rate of therapeutic duplication, than in MAID patients. Efforts should be made to measure if any inefficiency exists in veterans' drug use behavior.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to examine the current turnover status of hospital pharmacists and to analyze the factors which affected the turnover of them after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice. We surveyed 19 managers of hospital pharmacies and 154 hospital pharmacists. Results are as follows. Pharmacist manpower of hospital pharmacies was only $63.99\%$ in tertiary hospitals and $76.78\%$ in general hospitals respectively of the number of pharmacists before the separation of prescription and dispensing practice. The ratio of those who left hospital pharmacies during the period of January 2000 and October 2001 was $80.23\%$ for tertiary hospitals, and $100.84\%$ for general hospitals. Decrease in the number of pharmacists brought the increase of work load and night duty. Major factors which affected the turnover of hospital pharmacists were found as following: income gap between hospital pharmacists and community pharmacists, increasing workload especially at night and on holidays, infrequent chance for the promotion, and low chance to provide clinical pharmacy services after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice. Adequate manpower is the basic factor for providing hospital pharmacy services and improving clinical pharmacy services. The study suggested that proper number of hospital pharmacists is to be ensured through strengthening the legal requirement for the hospital pharmacists and improving health insurance reimbursement rate for the pharmaceutical services at hospital.