• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.21-38
• /
• 2009

This report describes 86 prescriptions related to the use of Herba Schizonepetae main blended from Dongeuibogam. The following conclusions were drawn through investigations on the prescriptions that use Herba Schizonepetae as a key component. Prescriptions that Herba Schizonepetae was taken as a monarch drug are utilized for22 therapeutic purposes, for example, eye disease, abscess disease, head and tooth, and woman disease. In particular, 16.3% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of eye. Prescriptions that utilize Herba Schizonepetae as the main component are used in the treatment of eye, abscess and woman disease, head disease, tooth disease and they are also used for treating 56 different types of disease. Herba Schizonepetae is used in pathogenic factors such as wind and used in pathology related to the liver and stomach system. The dosage of Herba Schizonepetae is 1pun 3li(about 0.49g) to 4don(about 14g), however 5pun 3li(about 1.99g)~1don(about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. Bangpungtang and Saenglyosamultang are the most useful base prescriptions which use the Herba Schizonepetae as the main ingredient.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.630-641
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to construct a model which explains drug misuse behaviors in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The design of this research is a cross-sectional study using structure equation modeling. The hypothetical model consisted of two types of variables: the exogenous variables of health status, cognitive ability, and negative emotion, and the endogenous variables of number of drugs, and drug misuse behaviors. The data collection was conducted from September 2 to September 21, 2013 through self-report questionnaires. Participants were 320 community-dwelling adults over the age of 65 living in J city. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 program and Amos 18.0 program. Results: The results of the model fitness analysis were satisfied. The predictor variables for the hypothetical model explained 62.3% of variance regarding drug misuse behaviors. Drug misuse behaviors were directly affected by health status, cognitive ability, negative emotion and number of drugs and indirectly affected by health status, and negative emotion through number of drugs. Conclusion: These findings indicate factors that should be used in developing effective nursing interventions for safe and proper drug use and the prevention of drug misuse behaviors in community-dwelling older adults.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 1997

The range of disorders of old age that are thought potentially amenable to drug therapy is increasing. However, factors such as the growing costs of drug development and prescription, the novel pharmacological profile and enhanced potency of many new compounds, and the concerns that the elderly may have enhanced susceptibility to toxicity all make drug usage in the elderly patient an increasingly specialized topic. This is compounded by the high incidence of multiple disorders in frail elderly patients, and consequently the possibility of the long term use of several drugs, thus, adding the risk of drug interactions. Thus, clinical pharmacology in the elderly requires understanding of pharmacologic characteristic determinants of the physiological changes (Table 1) associated with aging in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.318-326
• /
• 2007

The elderly are more likely to have chronic medical conditions that require multiple drug therapies. Purposes of this study are to reveal necessity of elderly patient education by pharmacists, and to induce appropriate policy. We carried out literature research. Taking several drugs together increases risk of drug interactions and adverse reactions. We suggest that pharmacists have the legal authority to monitor prescription for efficient drug management, pharmacovigilance system be efficiently operated, and medication education fee be provided to allow pharmacists give more time to the elderly.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2015

Background: Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors (PDE5Is), which are prescription drug in South Korea, have been concerned about misuse, overuse and illegal provision of the drugs. This study was performed to investigate utilization and safety of illegal Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors (PDE5Is), and related factors among South Korean men. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from May to July in 2013 among 1,500 nationally representative general males using computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI). The questionnaire included the characteristics of population, the characteristics of PDE5Is use, the experience with the use of illegally obtained PDE5Is, and adverse events after PDE5Is use. Results: Among study population, the 1,015 (67.7%) men answered that they have used the illegally obtained PDE5Is. Younger age, single, lower frequency of PDE5Is use in a lifetime was associated with an increased use of illegally obtained PDE5Is. The men experienced adverse events after PDE5Is use is 528 (35.2%). The most common adverse event was mild to moderate hot flashes. Conclusion: We need to enhance awareness about the risk of illegally obtained PDE5Is use, especially in younger men and single. Proactive educations and public relations on safe use of PDE5Is for proper patients are needed.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2007

This study was to evaluate economic impact of a comprehensive pharmaceutical care intervention provided by community pharmacists on drug-related morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, in a societal perspective. Clinical outcomes of pharmaceutical care included compliance increase, inappropriate medication discontinuation, and subsequent drug-related morbidity and mortality reduction. Economic outcomes included cost savings from direct medical costs reduction such as medication and healthcare resource utilization. Input costs for pharmaceutical care included pharmacist time and computerized prescription review supporting program costs. Model parameters of outcomes were derived from published literatures, and costs were from literatures and health insurance statistical data in Korea. Annual costs and benefits were estimated in the year 2005. Current usual care and standardized pharmaceutical care required 0.3 and 2.0 hours per year respectively, for elderly outpatient using average 4.4 prescription drugs per visit and average annual frequency of 17.8 pharmacy visits. Comprehensive pharmaceutical care provided to overall elderly outpatients at community pharmacies would have cost of \74,994 mil. and benefit of \357,002 mil. per year. Benefit:cost ratio was 4.8:1 and net benefit was \282,008 mil/year. It was corresponded to net benefit of \73,816/year for individual elderly patient. In addition, pharmaceutical care was estimated to reduce 1,531 drug-related deaths/year. Conclusively this study, a first attempt in Korea to evaluate an economic value of pharmaceutical care at community pharmacies, proved that it was a cost-effective intervention having significant economic benefit.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한예방의학회 2002년도 제54차 추계 학술대회 연제집
• /
• pp.224-225
• /
• 2002

• 약학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 2009

The purpose was to implement drug utilization review (DUR) for whom were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) population using health insurance claim data. This study constructed drug utilization database using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database and selected contraindicated drugs with kidney based on previously developed drug utilization guide and reviewing other countries' examples. Main outcome measures were the proportion of prescription for 1 or more drugs of concern. The cohort included 115,948 subjects, who were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Inappropriate drugs with CKD patients was some used, and the most commonly prescribed classes were aluminum drugs. However it is difficult to find problems with inappropriate drug because claims data doesn't have laboratory data. Based on the result of retrospective drug utilization review study, more studies should be analysed drug utilization patterns and monitoring system should be developed.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.167-179
• /
• 2009

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and it causes cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. While antihypertensive drug use increased, it took 15% of national health insurance drug expenditure. This study aimed to examine the pattern of antihypertensive drug prescription using National Health Insurance claims database and compare it with recommendations of Korea Hypertension Treatment Guidelines. Among the antihypertensive drugs, calcium channel blocker(64.4%) was most commonly prescribed class, and diuretics(44.6%), angiotensin II receptor blocker(33.3%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(11.7%) was followed. Approximately 81% of antihypertensives prescription were without cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and among the comorbid conditions, diabetes(10.7%) was most common. calcium channel blocker(62.3%) was mostly prescribed class for hypertension with angina pectoris, angiotensin receptor blocker(45.3%) with myocardial infarction, diuretics(70.2%) and calcium channel blocker(49.5%) with congestive heart failure. For Hypertension with cerebrovascular disease, calcium channel blocker(68.0%) and angiotensin receptor blocker(43.3%) were prescribed mainly. When it comes to diabetes, calcium channel blocker(57.2%) was still mostly prescribed and angiotensin receptor blocker(45.9%) followed. But in hospitals and tertiary hospitals, angiotensin receptor blocker(65.7, 66.1%) was mostly prescribed for the patients with diabetes. For Hypertension with chronic renal disease, angiotensin receptor blocker(59.5%), calcium channel blocker(56.5%), diuretics(54.6%) were mainly used. Average number of classes per prescribing was $1.89{\pm}0.89$ class, average days per prescribing was $33{\pm}19$ day. Among the hypertension without comorbidity, 40.5% of prescription was monotherapy and 58.8% of polytherapy included diuretics. Among the outpatient prescriptions, calcium channel blocker was the most commonly used class, and the prescription pattern in clinic did not closely followed recommendations of Hypertension Treatment Guidelines.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2012

Objectives: Several practice guidelines recommended both medication and behavior modification to control hypertension. The objective of this study was to analyze ambulatory care utilization pattern and related factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 45,267 new users who initiated treatment with hypertensive drugs in 2003. Korean National Health Insurance Claims Data was used to study the medical care utilization behavior and related factors after treatment initiation for up to four years. Taking prescription was considered as medical care utilization. Results: More than 20% of patients discontinued visiting physicians for prescription after initiating antihypertensive drug therapy. The average number of institutions visited by patients was about 1.3 annually. Clinic was the most frequently visited institution by patients. In GEE analysis, probability of continuous visit one institution after initiating antihypertensive drug treatment increased in patients who were women, old, have comorbidity, visited clinic or hospital mainly in previous year. Conclusions: Young hypertensive male patients who have no major comorbidity showed high possibility to discontinue medical service utilization. It is necessary to educate these targeted patients about importance of hypertension management in early stage after treatment initiation.