• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.125-144
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to make a preliminary investigation about the diagnostic process for marital preparation against future divorce which will be necessary for developing tools for the process. Delphi tests have been twice held among 23 professionals regarding the concept of marital diagnosis and the areas of marital preparation to be estimated including definitions of the marital preparation for marriage and the status in which marriage has been prepared, and the categorization of the preparation The result of the study is as follows : Firstly, the concept of marital preparation is comprehensive, for it does include various kinds of preparation necessary for adjustment to marital life except the preparation for wedding ceremony. Secondly, the status in which marriage has been prepared can be divided into individual preparation, a couple's relational preparation, and preparation for marital life. Thirdly, premarital preparation education or counselling will be provided for young persons who are not in status of marital preparation. The areas of marital preparation to be estimated are maturity, independence from parents, and good health in terms of individual preparation, and the depth of love, understanding each other, similarity, harmonization, supplementation, capacity of communication, self-control, and all that sort of thing in terms of relational preparation, sex, views about marriage, information about marital life, role division, giving birth to child and rearing, financial management, and understanding both families of husband and wife.

• 생약학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.69-72
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• 1977

The investigation is involved with the development of the new method of decoction preparation in order to prevent the loss of volatile oil from crude drugs. Volatile oil in crude drug containig volatile oil ranged from 1 to 2.2% in content. Volatile oil content in crude drung prescription which main component is a crude drug containing volatile oil was $0.11{\sim}0.39\;ml$. It was found that traditional method of decoction preparation has caused to lose almost all of the volatile oil. Application of method of Pharmacopoea (Kp II) for the preparation of decoction prevented the loss of volatile oil from one half to two-third of its content. The method of Pharmacopoea to which air condenser was attached could completely prevented the loss of volatile oil from the preparation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제50권
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• pp.21.1-21.3
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• 2020

Sample preparation is significantly important to the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization of nanomaterials. However, many general organic solvents can dissolve the necessary organic polymer support layer in TEM grid, which causes it difficult to obtain high-quality samples of oil-soluble nanomaterials. In this study, a new sample preparation method for oil-soluble nanomaterials has been developed by using the sublimable material as a transition layer. Experiments also show that there is no damage to TEM grids and high-quality HRTEM images can be obtained via this method. This approach paves the way to applicable HRTEM sample preparation of oil-soluble nanomaterials.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2016

Currently, focused ion beams (FIB) are widely used for specimen preparation in atom probe tomography (APT), which is a three-dimensional and atomic-scale compositional analysis tool. Specimen preparation, in which a specific region of interest is identified and a sharp needle shape created, is the first step towards successful APT analysis. The FIB technique is a powerful tool for site-specific specimen preparation because it provides a lift-out technique and a controllable manipulation function. In this paper, we demonstrate a general procedure containing the crucial points of FIB-based specimen preparation. We introduce aluminum holders with moveable pin and an axial rotation manipulator for specimen handling, which are useful for flipping and rotating the specimen to present the backside and the perpendicular direction. We also describe specimen preparation methods for nanowires and nanopowders, using a pick-up method and an embedding method by epoxy resin, respectively.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

In general, the blood cell culture is a common method for animal chromosome preparation. However, every animal and its cells have unique physiological characteristics and functions. Hence, it is very difficult to find the suitable method of chromosome preparation using animal lymphocyte culture. This study was carried out to fine the suitable method of chromosome preparation using lymphocytes cultures in mammalians and aves including cattle, rat, mouse and chicken. To seek the optimal method of lymphocyte culture in each animal, $2^3$ factorial experiment was designed. The design evaluated three main effects in culture duration, kinds of mitogen supplements and colcemid exposure time with two levels within each effect. The mitotic index and the score of chromosome morphology were analyzed. In results, the suitable methods of lymphocyte culture for chromosome preparation were 72 hours culture, pokeweed mitogen(PWM) supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in cattle, 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in chicken, 96 hours culture, concanavalin A supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in rat, and 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in mouse, respectively. In conclusion, kinds of mitogen, culture duration and colcemid exposure time significantly affected the mitotic index and chromosome morphology, in animal lymphocyte culture. The interaction effects between/among treatment factors were also statistically significant.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.161-171
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological changes of different simulated canals according to the preparation procedures. With the use of clear casting resin, simulated straight and curved canals were created so that canal preparation procedures could be directly visualized and compared. Thirty clear polyester casting resin blocks which contained four simulated canals divided into three groups; Group A($0^{\circ}$), Group B($15^{\circ}$), and Group C($30^{\circ}$). In each block, 3 canals were prepared different preparation techniques, which were conventional method, step-back method, and giromatic filing. But, one canal was not prepared as a control group. The results were as follows: 1. There was no difference on canal shape among three canal preparation methods in straight canals (Group A). 2. When conventional method and Giromatic filing were used in curved canals (Group B, C), elbow, zip and hour-glass shape were formed in apical third. 3. When conventional method and Giromatic filing were used in curved canals (Group B, C), tear-drop appearance developed at the site of the canal exit in curved canals. 4. In curved canals (Group B, C), file tend to straighten within the canal. 5. There was no difference on canal shape according to curved angle in step-back method (p > 0.1). But there was significant difference on canal shape according to curved angle in conventional method and Giromatic filing (p < 0.001). 6. Step-back method was significantly more effective than conventional method and Giromatic preparation in morphologic aspects of apical third of original canals.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a preparation method using hospital play on anxiety and role behaviors of children undergoing tonsillectomy. Method: Twenty-eight children aged 5 to 7 years who were admitted for tonsillectomy were assigned to either an experimental group or a control group purposefully. The preparation method included provision of information using hospital play. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test. Result: There was no Significant difference in anxiety before surgery between the experimental and control groups. Also, there was no Significant difference in role behaviors on the 1st and the 2nd day of surgery. Conclusion: Even though there was no statistical significance, the result showed that the preparation method had some positive effect on children and parents. It is needed to develop systematic preparation methods for children undergoing surgery to enhance their coping.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1199-1202
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• 2006

A simple, sensitive and rapid spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparation and human urine. The procedure is based on the oxidation of mefenamic acid with cerium (IV) to produce cerium (III), and its fluorescence was monitored at 354 nm after excitation at 255 nm. The variables affecting oxidation of drug were studied and optimized. Under the experimental conditions used, the calibration graphs were linear over the range 0.03-1.5 mg $L^{-1}$. The limit of detection was 0.009 mg $L^{-1}$ and the relative standard deviation for 5 replicate determinations of mefenamic acid at 1.0 mg $L^{-1}$ concentration level was 1.72%. Good recoveries in the range of 102-107 and 102-109% were obtained for pharmaceutical preparation and human urine, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of MF in one pharmaceutical preparation and human urine. The amounts of mefenamic acid found are very similar to those obtained by a standard method.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

The Phellodendri Cortex of Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae) is known to contain a number of isoquinoline alkaloid, and berberine, palmatine, jateorrhizine, phellodendrine and magnoflorine are the major constituents of protoberberine alkaloids. For the determination of protoberberine alkaloids from Phellodendri Cortex and berberine chloride from the preparation, the new spectrophotometric method was developed with a simple and selective sample clean-up using thiocyanatocobaltate[II] complex ion. Samples were extracted with 0.1 mM hydrochloric acid, potassium biphthalate reagent, thiocyanatocobaltate reagent and 1.2-dichloroethane for 60 min. The absorbance of protoberberine alkaloid complexes in 1.2-dichloroethane solution was measured at 625 nm. Calibration curve for berberine was linear over the concentration range of 0.05~0.30 mg/ml 1.2-dichloroethane. The method proved to be rapid, simple and reliable for the determination of protoberberine alkaloids from Phellodendri Cortex and berberine chloride from the preparation.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

Objects : In this study, I aimed to determine the size and administration Method of pills preparation in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Methods : I investigated the Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, Newly Revised Materia Medica, Variorum of the Classic of Materia Medica, The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, and recent studies. Results : There were four kinds of pills preparation. Each size of pill preparation was equal to the Odongja, Tanwhan, Yolk, and quarter of daily dosage of Decoction. One pill of Tanwhan was equivalent to 16 pills of Odongja, and one Yolk was equal to 40 pills of Odongja. The Diameter of Odongja was 6.5 mm, Tanwhan was 16.37897 mm, and Yolk was 22.11484 mm. Jeodangwhan was equal to one quarter daily dosage of Jeodangtang. Maximum size to swallow with water was Odongja and daily dosage, which was 16 pills, includes one square-inch-spoon of powder preparation. When we made the pill preparation, it is difficult to make 16 pills using one square-inch-spoon of powder. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing made one dosage started from 10 pills to 20 pills to find out optimum dose. Due to the difficulty of making precise size of pills and considerable amount of daily dosage, there was no smaller size than Odongja. When the size of Pill preparation was larger than Odongja, it was ground or boiled slightly to make suspensions. Conclusions : These results suggest that the sizes of Pill preparation in the Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases were true compared with reality.