• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2005

Many young women suffer from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of isoflavone on serum sex hormone and PMS during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We investigated the incidence of PMS in 116 Korean female college students. The incidence of PMS was $19.8\%$. Among them, 9 PMS and 13 control were given 90 mg isoflavone per day during 2 menstrual cycles. The changes in anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, serum parameters including sex hormones, and PMS symptoms were observed. Isoflavone supplementation did not affect anthropometric measurements. However, SBP and DBP were significantly decreased in control. Dietary intakes were not changed after supplementation of isoflavones. Serum SHBG was lower in PMS group than in control and significantly decreased in control with isoflavone supplementation. PMS symptoms such as backache, sweet, salty, and fatty food craving, coffee/tea drinking, and anxiety were significantly lessened. Based on these results, isoflavone supplementation may benefit young women by reducing some of PMS. Further studies of soy isoflavones effect on sex hormone and PMS may help to prepare for PMS management.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.731-740
• /
• 2002

This study was designed to identify premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to investigate the correlation between premenstrual syndrome and nutritional intakes. The subjects of this study were 138 college women residing in Busan Metropolitan City. The subjects were asked to complete Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) regarding PMS, food intake frequencies and nutritional intake. We studied the correlation between PMS symptoms and nutritional intake. The average height and weight of anemic subjects were 161.42 $\pm$ 3.50 cm and 51.87 $\pm$ 5.42 kg. The average BMI (body mass index, kg/$m^2$) was 19.92 $\pm$ 2.14 and PIBW (percent ideal body weight) were 93.02 $\pm$ 9.75%. Except for phosphorous, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes, the intake levels of all other nutrients were below the Korean RDA. The average calorie intake of the subjects was 1645.65 $\pm$ 352.63 kcal (82.2% of the Korean RDA) and iron intake of the subject was 11.06 $\pm$4.03 mg (69.1% of the Korean RDA) . The calcium and vitamin $B_6$ intakes were 512.26 $\pm$ 183.12 mg (73.1% of the Korean RDA) and 1.12 $\pm$ 0.14 mg (80.0% of the Korean RDA), respectively. With regard to their menstrual state, 45.9% subjects responded that their menstrual cycles were irregular. The frequency of PMS of the subjects was 30.2% (over 3 points) on 5 point scale (1 : no. 5 severe). The common symptoms of PMS of the subjects were pain (2.32 $\pm$ 1.01), negative effects (2.27 $\pm$ 0.87), behavioral changes (2.26 $\pm$ 0.85), water retention (2.07 $\pm$ 0.78) , arousal (1.79 $\pm$ 0.84) , autonomic reactions (1.77 $\pm$ 0.87) , lack of control (1.69 $\pm$ 0.75) and decreased concentration (1.68 $\pm$ 0.75) . There was significant correlation between all the PMS symptoms and calcium (p ＜ 0.01) , vitamin E (p ＜ 0.05) , carbohydrate (p ＜ 0.05) . This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of nutrient deficiency states especially calcium. Therefore we concluded that calcium supplementation is likely to be of benefit in relieving PMS symptoms.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.190-195
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 월경전 불쾌기분장애 그룹과 무증상 그룹으로 나누어 여성 24명을 대상으로4주 동안 식이 섭취량 및 체구성성분이 월경주기에 따라 변화하는지를 알아보고자 하였고 이에 본 결과를 요약하였다. 월경주기에 따른 식이섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.01), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 탄수화물 섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.05), 그룹간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 단백질 섭취량은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기에 유의적으로 증가하였으나(p<0.01), 그룹간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 지방 섭취량은 PMDD그룹과 NPS그룹에 상관없이 주기 간 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며 그룹 간에도 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 월경주기에 따른 체중은 PMDD그룹과 NPS그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에서 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났으나(p<0.001), 그룹간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 체수분은 PMDD 그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기와 생리기에서 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났으나(p<0.05), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 체지방량은 PMDD그룹과 NPS 그룹에 상관없이 난포기보다 황체기에서 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났으나(p<0.05), 그룹 간에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과는 여성의 식이섭취량, 혈당 및 체구성성분은 월경주기의 변화에 영향을 받는 것으로 보이며 월경주기에 작용하는 변인과를 관련시켜 월경전증후군의 치료 또는 관리방법에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 앞으로 이에 관한 보다 체계적인 연구가 활발하게 이루어지길 기대한다.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2008

연구목적 : 월경전기 증후군(Premenstrual Syndrome : PMS)은 가임기 여성의 약 80% 이상에서 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 월경 주기와 일치하는 질환의 특성 상 여성 호르몬의 변화가 질환과 가장 밀접한 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으나 아직까지 특징적인 생물학적 원인에 대한 일관된 보고는 되어 있지 않다. 이에 질환의 심리학적 원인에 대한 여러 가지 가설들도 제시되고 있는데 그 중에서도 심리적 외상 경험과의 연관성에 대한 연구들은 과거의 심리적 외상이 클수록 월경전기 증후군의 증상이 심해진다는 흥미로운 관점을 제시한다. 한편 과거의 심리적 외상은 해리 증상과도 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있는데 이러한 사실들로부터 월경전기 증후군과 해리증상의 연관성에 대한 가능성을 유추할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 월경전기 증후군의 정도와 해리증상 경험의 정도, 과거 학대 경험의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 서울 경기 경북에 근무하는 377명의 간호사들 중 설문과 기록을 충실하게 수행한 183명을 대상으로 하였다. 월경전기 증후군의 존재 여부와 증상의 정도는 Daily Record of Severity of Problems(DRSP), Shortened Premenstrual Assessment Form(SPAF)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 해리 증상의 정도는 Dissociation Experience Scale(DES-K)을 사용하였고 과거의 신체/언어적 학대 경험, 성적 학대 경험, 부모의 배우자 학대 경험은 각각 부모의 신체적 언어적 학대 방임 척도, 성적 학대 척도, 배우자 학대 척도를 이용하였다. 결과 : SPAF 점수를 기준으로 대상자들을 월경전기 증후군이 없는 군(No PMS), 경도에서 중등도의 증상을 경험하는 군(mild to moderate PMS), 중증의 증상을 경험하는 군(severe PMS)으로 나누었을 때 신체적 언어적 학대 방임 척도($x^2=14.397$, df=2, p=0.001), 성적 학대 척도($x^2=8.376$, df=2, p=0.015), 부모의 배우자 학대 척도($x^2=9.322$, df=2, p=0.009)에서 각 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 마찬가지로 DES 점수에서도 각 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다($x^2=14.966$, df=2, p=0.001). SPAF를 사용하여 측정한 월경전기 증후군의 증상 정도와 과거의 학대 경험 정도는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 이는 해리 증상의 경험 정도에서도 마찬가지였다. 결론 : 상기 결과는 월경전기 증후군의 증상과 해리증상, 과거 외상경험이 연관이 있을 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.223-237
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted in order to contribute to female student health by providing fundamental data for health instruction and health counsel. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of PMS by a menstrual distress questionnaire, and determine sex-identity factors related to PMS. The data were collected by a questionaire conducted from December 1,1995 to December 20, 1995. The subjects of research were 1,102 high school students in Seoul. The data analyzed was done using the SPSS PC+, and the results were as follows; 1. The perceived subjective symptoms were clusted behavioral change, negative affects, pain, impaired concentration, water retention and autonomic reactions. The most common symtoms during the period of 2 to 10 days before menses were vaginal discharge(79%), back pain(70.4%), nervous tension(60.8%), fatigue(56.2%), abdominal bloating(54.5%), mood change(52.8), pelvic pain(46.8%), resistance to study(45.9) and talking(43.3). 2. There was a significant correlation between the clusters symptoms; negative affects and behavioral changes(r=.9326, p=.000), behavioral changes and impaired concentration (r=.8572, p=.000), negative affects and impaired concentration(r=.8411, p=.000) and autonomic reaction and pain(r=.7267, p=.000). 3. Sex-identity factors were related to PMS ; perception of the female(F=5.1811, p=.006) and pregnancy concerns (T=3.54, p=.000).

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture for reduction of dysmenorrhea. 71 female middle school and high school students were selected as subjects from April to May 2001, among which 38 students consisted of the experimental group while 22 students were the control group by convenient assignment. The experimental group participated in hand acupuncture treatment. The experimental treatment was to puncture corresponding points(A4, A5, J1, J3, J23, H2, F7) on both the palm and back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles and to remove needles after 20-30 minutes' recess during which the subjects reposed themselves on bed. The collected data were processed using the SPSS PC Program and analyzed using $X^2test$ and The results of this study were as follows 1. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome have decreased, but no significant differences were statistically observed between hand-acupunctured group and non-hand acupunctured group. 2. Subjective pain degree has decreased after hand acupuncture. 3. As for objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed between two groups. Facial expressional changes and perspiration degree reduced but showed no significant statistically changes between two groups. 4. Comfort has increased after hand acupuncture. These results suggest that the hand acupuncture therapy works effectively on easing menstrual pain and symptoms as well as partially on reducing discomfort. It is particularly efficacious for a reduction in subjective pain and facial expressional changes in positive respect. Therefore the hand acupuncture therapy can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for dysmenorrhea reduction.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.113-116
• /
• 2008

Baekgroud and Objectives: The study was purposed to evaluate the relationship between the voice change and the menstrual cycle by measuring the variation of subjective and objective parameters. Materials and Methods: Prospective study of 13 healthy women during 2 mentrual cycles. Their voices were recorded at follicular phase and then luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We used both single vowel /a/ and sentences for evaluate acoustic parameters. Aerodynamic parameters were also evaluated. Voice handicap index (VHI), and the presence of premenstrual syndromes (PMS) were checked at each period. We used Wilcoxon's signed rank test to compare the parameters of two periods. Results: VHI were 5.1 at both periods (p=0.146) and 92.3% of women were diagnosable with PMS. There were no significant differences in acoustic parameters and aerodynamic parameters between the two periods. Conclusion: This study shows that not only the subjective but also the objective changes of the voice parameters did not exist during the menstrual cycle in women.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2002

There are several factors which are more likely to have sleep disorders in fertile women with menstruation than adult men. Menstrual cycle plays an important role in them. We describe herein the overview about the association of menstrual cycle and sleep disorders by viewing the interactions of menstrual cycle and circadian rhythm. We review how menstrual cycle affects sleep-wake cycle by reviewing menstrual cycle and estrous cycle to understand these interactions. Menstrual cycle and estrous cycle are mainly affected by hormonal cycle and light-dark cycle, respectively and they are generally determined in monthly rhythm and annual rhythm, respectively. The determination of estrous cycle is also affected by cyclic changes of hormones besides light-dark cycle. Although sleep-wake cycle almost alternates according to estrous cycle in non-primate mammals, it is hardly affected by menstrual cycle in primate mammals as compared with estrous cycle. But menstrual cycle affects sleep-wake cycle via desynchronization of sleep-wake cycle and temperature rhythm. The decrease of amplitude and phasic change during luteal phase in the daily fluctuation of body core temperature can partially contribute to the induction of sleep disorders in fertile women. In addition to this, premenstrual syndrome which nearly happens during luteal phase commonly have sleep problems. Therefore, we suggest that menstrual cycle and PMS can partially contribute the increase of sleep disorders in fertile women.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to compare the transcultural differences on perimenstrual discomforts, menstrual attitudes and sex role acceptance between Korean and American college students. The subjects, 2557 nursing students were selected from 13 universities all around Korea, and 4 universities in the eastern, western, and middle areas of the United States. The data were collected using the MDQ (Menstrual Distress Questionnaire by Moos), the MAQ(Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire), and the Sex Role Acceptance Scale, the subjects answered the MDQ for three points (premenstrual, menstrual, intermenstrual based on their recollections) between July, 1996 and April, 1997. The findings are as follows : 1. There were significant differences in the age of menarche, duration of menstruation, and menstrual cycle between the Koreans and the Americans. 2. As for sex role acceptance, Americans more frequently denied the traditional female role than did Koreans. 3. There were significant differences between the two groups on five categories of menstrual attitude (menstruation is a phenomena that weakens women physically and psychologically, menstruation is a bothersome phenomena, menstruation is a natural phenomena, menstruation onset is a predictable phenomena, and menstruation is a phenomena that does not influence womens' behaviors non is expected to). 4. For the menstrual discomfort scores, there were significant differences between the two groups on all six categories of the MDQ(pain, attention deficit, behavioral changes, AMS response, water retention, and negative emotion) for the three points (premenstrual, menstrual, intermenstrual period). 5. The most common complaints for the Korean women were pain during the perimenstrual period and fatigue during the intermenstrual period. In contrast, for the Americans the most common complaint was negative emotions during the perimenstrual period, but less pain than the Koreans, and a similarity to Koreans during the intermenstrual period. 6. Regularity of the menstrual cycle was positively correlated with age of menarche, menstrual cycle, and duration of menstruation. 7 For the interrelationship between of Perimenstrual discomforts, menstrual attitudes, and sex role acceptance, there were significant correlations for both group as follows : First, the MA category "menstruation is a bothering phenomena" was negatively correlated with sex role acceptance, second, the MA category "menstruation is a phenomena that weakens the women physically and psychologically" was positively correlated with the MA category "menstruation onset is a predictable phenomena." For the further research, it is recommended that efficient nursing intervention programs for perimenstrual discomforts, be developed and qualitative research to demonstrate the cultural differences as the feminism view point be done.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.421-429
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 생리주기별로 인체계측변인의 둘레를 반복측정하고 둘레의 변화 정도를 제시하여 월경전 증후군 증상 경감을 위한 프로그램 및 보조물 개발, 월경기 여성건강관리프로그램 개발, 월경전기 및 월경기 여성을 위한 운동프로그램 개발 등에 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 것이다. 연구참여자는 생리불순과 (속발성)월경곤란증, 월경전 증후군을 호소하지 않는 건강한 여자대학생 10명이었다. 생리주기별로 가슴부위(2곳)와 허리부위(2곳), 엉덩이 부위를 반복측정한 결과 겨드랑부위는 황체기에 비해 월경기에, 유두부 가슴둘레와 가는 허리둘레는 난포기에 비해 월경기에 유의하게 큰 결과를 보였다. 가슴둘레와 허리둘레에 있어 난포기와 황체기 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 엉덩이둘레는 생리주기에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 가슴둘레와 허리들레는 생리주기에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 향후 체중, 체지방율, 혈중 및 국소호르몬 농도 변화 등을 중심으로 한 지속적인 연구수행이 제언된다.