• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.529-539
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• 1998

Prematurity is the main cause for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. The goal in the treatment of RDS is to maintain respiration with adequate oxygenation. ETS needs to be performed to remove lung secretions in the ventilated premature infants with RDS. Oxygen saturation(SpO$_2$) and heart rate(HR) were compared in 22 premature infants with RDS using two types of ETS : open ETS versus close ETS. The results showed there was no significant difference in the SpO$_2$ and HR responses between open ETS and close ETS. The SpO$_2$ and HR returned to the baseline within 1 minute after suctioning. But in some case, there was a significantly greater incidence in the decrease of SpO$_2$ below 90% occured in the open ETS than in the close ETS. It implies that closed ETS may be beneficial to the premature infants who tend to develop desaturation easily.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

Objectives This study aimed to explore literature evidence regarding Chuna manual therapy for premature infants and determine its applicability. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched, and randomized control trials (RCTs) applying Chuna manual therapy to premature infants were sought. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was employed to assess the methodological quality of each RCT. Results Two RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to analysis. Each study compared the usual care group with the pediatric Chuna group. The results indicated improvements in nutritional status, a reduction in hospitalization days, and enhancements in growth indicators. Conclusions Chuna manual therapy is worth applying to premature infants. However, evidence is limited due to a lack of well-designed RCTs. More qualified clinical trials are needed to obtain stronger evidence.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine effects of Recorded Mother's Voice on weight and physiological reactions to the premature infants. Methods: This study was conducted on the nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design and the subject group was the premature infants who were admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pusan National University Hospital. Total 50 infants, divided into two groups 25 experimental and control were participated in the study. The data were analyzed using frequency, %, chi-square test, t-test between the two groups. Results: The results of this study were as followingsfollowings; In the physical response(heart rate, respiration rate, pulse oximetry saturation), there were significant statistical difference between two groups. Conclusion: In short, it turned out that the intervention of the recorded mother's voice had some significance as nursing intervention with positive impacts. Such as improving infant's growth and stablizing their physical response. By providing the effectiveness of such intervention, the study will further provide the evidence-based information in developing the practice of pediatric nursing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.613-622
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• 2011

Purposes: Study purpose were to describe growth patterns of premature infants in weight, length and head circumference from birth to 40th week of corrected ages (CA) and to explore factors affecting patterns. Methods: A longitudinal descriptive study was conducted with 267 premature infants. They were categorized into 2 groups; GA group with measurements at birth and the CA group with measurements at CA, which was categorized into 3 groups (group 1-3) by WHO guideline for gestational age (GA) at birth. Results: GA group presented greater measures in all than CA group at same week of life. Among CA groups, group 3 showed the highest measurements, up to 37 weeks of life, though this disappeared at 38-40 weeks. Reversely, group 1 revealed the highest growth rates in all measures, followed by group 2 and group 3. Significant interaction was observed in all measures between week of life and any type of groups. Conclusions: Higher measures in GA group, as well group 3 among CA groups, supported the superiority of intra-uterine environment overriding quality of regimen from NICU. Regardless of growth acceleration, smaller infants remain smaller, indicating that intra-uterine thrifty phenotype may continue at least up to the 40th week of CA.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to examine the mother's knowledge of premature development and rearing and their education needs in order to provide information to develop an education program for premature mothers. Methods: The study participants was 73 mothers of premature infants. Knowledge on premature infant's development and rearing was measured by measurement tools developed by previous research. The education needs about development and rearing were measured by self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-Test, ANOVA using SPSS 20.0. Results: The score of knowledge on development was 59.3 out of 100. The category of knowledge on language development was rated the highest, and motor development category was the lowest. The score of knowledge on rearing was 77.8 out of 100. The knowledge on bathing category was rated the highest and defecation category was the lowest. The growth education needs for premature infant development was the highest education needs of premature infant development. The method for developmental improvement was the highest education needs of premature infant rearing. Conclusion: The results showed that premature infant mothers have less knowledge on premature development than premature rearing, also mothers were interested in development and there were many needs on premature infant's development.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2002

The article reports the process, contents and strategies in the development of community based-heath care management program for high-risk infants and family, which was based on literature review, empirical needs assessment from pilot study. The program was divided into two emphasis areas: (1) identification and home visiting nursing care program, and (2) the construction of self-supporting group. The contents of home visiting nursing care were developed from the pilot study of the direct home visiting to premature infants after discharge. The documentation form for home care was standardized, including the demographic data, birth history, home care services, education and counsels, and visiting schedules. The integrated education protocol was elaborated to enhance the body of knowledge as well as clinical competency in caring high-risk infants and family by the supports of neonatologists, nursing scholar, and clinical specialists. In addition, the process and strategies in developing self-supporting group, consisting the high-risk infants and family, and any significant others were addressed. Emphases were given to the role of public health center and the recycling health care referral system to maximize the growth and development of high-risk infants on the community-base, which in turn, contributing to decrease the postneonatal mortality rate.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.352-359
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• 2010

Purpose: To explore premature infants' pain response to routine procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 56 preterm infants who showed 149 pain responses to 8 high frequency routine procedures which were evaluated using the Premature Infant Pain Scale (PIPS). Videotaped recording was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: PIPS scores for each procedure were as follows; for removal of central catheter dressing, 6.17 (2.04), venous sampling, 6.12 (2.87), intramuscular injection, 6.05 (2.38), insertion of a peripheral line, 5.38 (2.16), insertion of feeding tube, 4.40 (1.34), heel stick, 4.33 (1.23), insertion of central line, 4.00 (2.12), and endotracheal suctioning, 2.90 (1.25). PIPS score was negatively correlated with gestational age (r=-.218, p=.007) and birth weight (r=-.249, p=.002) among general characteristics of the infants. Conclusion: The majority of 8 routine procedures were found to be painful for premature infants in the NICU. Therefore, adequate pain management related to procedures should be provided to premature infant in the NICU.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.171-182
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on body weight, physiological responses and behavioral states in premature infants. The subjects were 32 premature infants, fifteen for the kangaroo care group and seventeen for the control group, who hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 8 times during the twenty five days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a premature infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. As for the measures, body weight was measured everyday. The levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were measured twice, before beginning the first intervention and after finishing the last intervention. While each session of the care is undergoing, such physiological responses were measured periodically as heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, core temperature and skin temperature. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain was significantly greater in the kangaroo care group than that in the control group during the period of performing the kangaroo care. 2. No significant difference was revealed between the two groups in heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation and core temperature. The kangaroo care group also showed significant increases in the skin temperature. 3. The differences in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were not significant between the kangaroo care and the control groups. The level of norepinephrine in the two groups was significantly increased over time. 4. Sleep pattern changed significantly in the kangaroo group from a very restless sleep to a very quiet sleep. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for premature infants in gaining weight, achieving stable physiological responses and facilitating a quiet sleep.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 2019

Purpose : The routine evaluation of gastric residuals (RGR) is considered standard care for premature infants. This study evaluated the usefulness of RGR in premature infants. Methods : The study retrospectively investigated 208 premature infants (gestational aged under 34 weeks) who underwent gavage feeding in a neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: RGR (n=104) and no-RGR (n=104). Those in the no-RGR group had their gastric residuals checked only if signs of feeding intolerance were present. Clinical outcomes, including the time to reach full enteral feeding (FEF) and the incidences of gastrointestinal disorders such as feeding intolerance (FI) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), were compared. Data were analyzed with SPSS ver. 21, using a Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test. Results : There was no statistically significant difference for the time to FEF (z=-0.61, p=.541), incidence of FI ($X^2=0.38$, p=.540), and NEC ($X^2=1.42$, p=.234) between the two groups. Conclusion : No-RGR did not increase the risk for FI or NEC. These results suggest that RGR evaluation may not improve nutritional outcomes in premature infants. Recommendations for further research and practice guidelines will be provided.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.313-325
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to develop the protocol of kangaroo care for premature infants and to evaluate its effects including physiologic responses of premature infants, their parents'anxiety, and neonatal nurses'perception regarding the kangaroo care. Methods: Kangaroo care protocol was developed through a literature review and validation of an expert group. The developed kangaroo care protocol was tested with 27 preterm infants, 24 parents, and 60 nurses in one neonatal intensive care unit in S hospital. Data were collected from December 2012 to February 2013 and analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test using the SPSS/Win statistical program. Results: Physiologic responses including heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature among premature infants received the kangaroo care were maintained within normal limit. The anxiety levels of the parents who provided kangaroo care for their infants were significantly decreased as it was compared before and after care (t=3.43, p=.002). There were no significant differences in nurses'perceptions about kangaroo care before and after the application of the protocol. Conclusion: The developed kangaroo care protocol is proved to be effective and can be used safely in nursing practice.