• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

음용불소가 흰쥐태아의 상아모세포에 간접적으로 미치는 영향과 농도를 확인하기 위해 임신한 흰쥐에 100, 200, 300ppm의 불소가 함유된 음용수를 임신기간 동안 투여하였다. 대조군과 비교하였을 때, 농도에 의존적으로 상아모세포의 미세구조적 변화를 관찰 할 수 있었다. 조면소포체로 부터 리보솜의 탈락과 붕괴, 미토콘드리아의 팽창, 그리고 조면소포체와 미토콘드리아의 변성. 음용 불소의 농도에 따른 미세구조적인 변화로부터 100, 200ppm에서는 가역적인 그리고 300ppm에서는 비가역적인 손상이 유도되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 이러한 결과로 미루어 200ppm미만의 농도가 발생중인 흰쥐태아에 영향을 주지 않는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.285-288
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• 2000

Nine immature 30-day-old female rats were injected sc at 0800 hr with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin(PMSG) to induce ovulation and mating. Fifty-six hours later the animals were placed with mature male rats overnight (one female and one male). Five of 9 immature female rats treated with PMSG were pregnant and allowed to maintain the pregnancy to term. Three of 5 pregnant rats were failed to maintain pregnancy to term. Two of 5 pregnant rats seemed to be developed normally and increased abdominal enlargement as pregnancy progresses, but did not occurred parturition on day of 43 or 48 of pregnancy, respectively. On day 44 or 49, pregnant rats were killed and examined uterus and ovaries. There was no fetus but approximately 50∼60ml. of mucopurulent fluids were accumulated in the uterine cavity and 40 or 42 corpora lutea persisted in the ovaries. Pyometra was developed after coitus in PMSG-treated immature female rat.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

Bisphenol A is used in the manufacture of epoxy, polycarbonate, and corrosion-resistant unsaturated polyester-styrene resins required for food packaging materials in industrial processing. Some reports indicated the possibility of harmful effects on rats. In this study was used a method for the determination of bisphenol A in blood according to the OSHA High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) guideline. The method involved blood extraction using methylene chloride. And it was evaluated developmental and teratogenic effects in pregnant rats and second generation. The results obtained were as follows. There was a significant increase in the body weights and treated groups F1 female in liver, spleen, kidney, but according to dose-response. F1 female rat's relative body weight and absolute body weight are not different. There was a significant increase liver, spleen, kidney organ weight and reproductive organ weight epididymis, prostate gland in F1 male rats. There was a proestrous in pregnant rat, group 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 2000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 20,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. The effect on rat treated with bisphenol A decrease organ weight and reproductive organ weight. Identification and quantitation were performed with using HPLC C18 column and using at retention time 5.5 min. The results of the detection of bisphenol A were at 20,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in average 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg average in 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml blood samples. From those results, it could be concluded that the effects of pregnant rat and second generation(F1) by bisphenol A treatment during lactational period were estrogenic and bisphenol A was remained in serum at low level.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1994

This experiment was examined the effect of splenectomy on the hematology in pregnant wistar rat. Only animals that had been shown regular 4-day estrous cycles for more than two cycles were used. The day after mating with the same male animal ws designated Day 0 of pregnancy. Spleen was removed from Day 0(early), 6(middle) and 13(late) of pregnant rat, respectively. Blood sample was collected at Day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of the pregnancy. 1. RBC was increased significantly(P<0.05) to the progress of pregnancy in control rat. The late splenectomized rats were decreased significantly(P<0.05) at Day 21 of pregnancy than control rats. 2. Hb was increased significantly (P<0.05) at 21th day of pregnancy in late splenectomized groups than others group. 3. In the late splenectomized rats, Ht was decreased significant (P<0.05) due to the progress of pregnancy and decreased significantly (P<0.05) at Day 21 of pregnancy in all splenectomized groups. 4. WBC was increased significantly (P<0.05) at Day 1 of pregnancy in splenectomized groups compared with control. 5. In differential leukocyte rate, the Basophils and Monocytes was not significantly changed. Neutrophils was increased significantly(P<0.05) at Day 14 and 21 than Day 1 and 7 of pregnancy in control. Lymphocytes was decreased significantly(P<0.05) in control due to progress of pregnancy. Neutrophils was increased and Lymphocytes was decreased significantly(P<0.05) in splenectomized groups compared with control.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The expression of c-Fos and c-Jun represents neuronal activity and plays a crucial role in the shaping of the development of brain. During the late pregnancy, exercise is known to influence neuronal activity of offspring. In the present study, the effect of swimming during pregnancy on the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the CA1, CA2, CA3 regions, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of rat offspring was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Pregnant rats in the swimming group were forced to swim for 10 min once a day from 15 days after pregnancy until delivery. The expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the CA1, CA2, CA3 regions, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of pups was significantly increased by maternal swimming during late pregnant period. The present results show that prenatal swimming may enhance the neuronal activity of pups and affect the neonatal brain development.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.187-208
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• 2000

By the activation of ovary hormone, many morphological changes occur in the epithelial cell lines and muscle cells in rat uterus. These two cells in uterus are important to the implantation of embryo, maintaining pregnancy and starting parturition. One important change associated with the morphological change of these two cells in uterus is the change on prostaglandin(PG) metabolism. Its presence and synthesis in endometriurn and myometrium in uterus affects estrous cycle and the start of embryo implantation in uterus. It also performs as an important modulator in parturition. So the abnormally weak expression of PG causes difficulty during labor and over-expression causes pre-term labor. PG biosynthesis starts from either free or liberated arachidonic acids from membrane phospholipid by phospholipase. Such arachidonic acids are converted into PG catalyzed by Cyclooxygenase. Under normal physiological condition, Cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) having 602 units of amino acids controls the synthesis of PG. It acts as a local hormone regulating vasomodulation of blood flow, flexible muscle movement, increasing the blood permeability and contributing the protective role in preserving integrity of the stomach lining and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by the inflammation, pregnancy and increased its expression until parturition. Lipid metabolite like PG is located in uterine and expression of COX-2 increased with pregnancy. Increased expression of COX proteins in epithelial cells and myometrial cells are told to increase the muscle contractility in uterus but decreased right after the labor in rat. It is a good sign indicating that COX proteins are deeply related to the start of labor. Currently, Several studies report the use of PG and COX-2 inhibitor as medication for controlled abortion or to prevent pre-term labor but they entail various side-effects. Our study proposed to suggest use of acupuncture as an another mediator to control abortion or pre-term labor without causing unnecessary side-effects by those medicines. Two acupuncture sites, LI-4 & SP-6 were selected due to their known efficacy. From the immunohistochemical staining of COX-2, normal expression of COX-2 protein in nonpregnant SD rat's uterus revealed that COX-2 protein was primarily detected in the lumina epithelial lining and in the epithelial cell lining contacting the stromal cells. High resolution optical microscopic scanning revealed distinguishable staining in the myometrial mucosa. LI-4 acupuncture administered nonpregnant rat's uterus showed strong expression for COX-2 in endometrium contacted with lumina epithelial lining of rat uterus and in myometrial mucosa. Stromal cells showed more staining than untreated nonpregnant rat's uterus and stronger staining in stromal cells contacting myometrial layer compared to untreated nonpregnant rat's uterus. SP-6 acupuncture administered nonpregnant rat's uterus showed weak expression for COX-2 in myometrial layers and stromal cells but no staining was visible in lumina epitheliai and glandular epithelial cells. Few stromal cells and myometrial mucosa were positively stained for COX-2. Pregnant SD rat's uterus was also immunostained for COX-2 expression after 18 days of pregnancy. Unlike to untreated nonpregnant rat's uterus, luminal epithelial cells were not positively stained for COX-2 but stronger staining for COX-2 was revealed in stromal cells. LI-4 acupunctured SD rat's uterus had very strong expression of COX-2 in luminal epithelial lining. Few stromal cells showed stronger positive COX-2 staining and myometrial layers also showed more expression than untreated pregnant rat. SP-6 acupuncture administered pregnant SD rat's uterus showed positive expression of COX-2 in epithelial cells of luminal mucosa layer but weaker than that of LI-4 acupuncture treatment's case. However, strong positive staining was revealed in stromal mucosa and myometrial layers. Virgin SD rat's uterus motility index during LI-4 acupuncture was 66.52 % (Prob〉T = 0.0197) compared to its motility before the acupuncture treatment but the motility index was slighdy elevated up to 79.58 % (Prob〉T = 0.1175) after the acupuncture. During the SP-6 acupuncture treatment for 30 minutes, uterus motility index was 90.52 % (Prob〉T = 0.1832) showing lesser decrement but consequently reached similar motility index decreasal to 79.95 % (Prob〉T = 0.0215) after the acupuncture treatment as LI-4 showed. LI-4 acupuncture tend to be a quick treatment to reducing the uterus motility in a virgin rat but eventually both two acupuncture administration created very similar reduction of uterus motility seeing the index after the both acupunctures. The uterus movement monitored during the LI-4 acupuncture administered for 30 minutes, Pregnant SD rat showed decreased motility down to 77.90 % (Prob〉 T = 0.0076) compared to uterus motility before the acupuncture and it continuously decreased down to 71.81 %(Prob〉T = 0.0214) after the removal of needle. The statistical analysis using paired t-test showed significance difference for both two motility indexs at =0.05. SP-6 acupuncture administered to pregnant SD rat also had similar pattern of decreasing uterus motility index down to 74.70 % (Prob〉T = 0.1730) during the initial 30 minutes acupuncture administration and it was continuously lowered to 71.52 % (Prob〉T = 0.0155) after the acupuncture. The paired t-test resuit for SP-6 suggest prompt response of uterus motility index to the SP-6 acupuncture treatment but consequently reached same level of inducing the motility reduction as LI-4 at =0.05 level.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2001년도 후기 제12차 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-9
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• 2001

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.152.1-152.1
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• 2001

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 1995

임신시 발생하는 인슐린 저항성과 인슐린 분비 증가의 기전을 규명하기 위하여 Sprague-Dawley 종 암컷 흰쥐를 이용하여 정맥당부하 검사와 호르몬 및 지방 대사물질과 조직에서의 인슐린 수용체 결합, 당원질 합성효소를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 정맥당부하검사에서 임신군에서 전체적인 곡선이 대조군에 비하여 아래에 위치하였다. 그러나 당부하시 인슐린 분비는 현저히 증가하였으며 혈당에 대한 비(${\mu}U/mg$)로 비교하여 임신군에서 $56.9{\pm}8.9$였고 대조군에서 $23.6{\pm}2.8$로서 인슐린 저항성을 확인할 수 있었다. 인슐린 분비반응의 증가는 태반 호르몬인 progesterone의 증가와 강한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 당부하검사후 당원질 (mg/100mg tissue)은 골격근(soleus)에서는 임신군과 대조군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 간조직에서는 임신군에서 $4.7{\pm}0.9$으로 대조군의 $9.9{\pm}1.3$에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 당원질로 합성된 $^{14}C$-glucose의 활동도도 마찬가지로 골격근에서는 임신군과 대조군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 간조직에서는 현저한 감소를 보였다. 당원질 합성 효소(glycogen synthase)는 골격근에서는 대조군이 높았고 간장조직에서는 임신군이 높았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 당부하검사후 간장조직의 crude membrane에서의 인슐린-인슐린 수용체 결합반응에서는 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 정상임신흰쥐에서 인슐린 저항성이 발생하였으나 인슐린 분비의 현저한 증가로 내당능의 감소는 나타나지 않았으며 인슐린의 분비증가는 progesterone의 증가와 상관관계가 있었다. 인슐린 저항성은 간에서 가장 현저하게 나타났으며 그 원인은 인슐린 수용체의 결합과정보다는 수용체 전 과정이거나 수용체 후 과정일 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 1994

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of splenectomy on the hematology and maintenance of pregnant rats. Those animals that had shown regular 4 or 5 day estrous cycles for more than two cycles were used. The day after mating ws designated Day 0 of pregnancy. Spleen was removed from Day 0(early), 6(middle) and 13(late) of pregnant rat, respectively. Blood was collected on Day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of the pregnancy. 1. The total serum protein was increased significantly (P<0.05) to the progress of pregnancy in control rat. All rats that splenectomized groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05) at Day 21 of pregnancy than control rats. 2. Albumin was not significantly changed. 3. Globulin was decreased significantly(P<0.05) between contol and middle treatment at Day 7, 14 of pregnancy. 4. Glucose was increased for the due to the pregress of pregnancy. It was no significance differences among the each groups. 5. Rate of abortion was increased in groups of early and middle of splenectomy compared with control. 6. Period of pregnancy was delayed in middle and late splenectomized gruops companed with control. 7. Litter size was lowed significantly (P<0.05) in early and middle splenectomized groups compared with control.