• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2008

Introduction of construction cost estimating system is necessary to promote appropriate reflection of construction cost and simplified and efficient amount work. The results of this study are as follows. In the results of considering the basic concept and composition of a construction type estimating system, an example orders are concentrated on an apartment house in the country. The building appurtenant work of extension work is high(1.52) as compared with others. In regression analysis for a construction cost, the models are as follows. In a new construction work, (construction cost)=$12,004.8+4.09{\times}$(building area), and in extension work, (construction cost)=$-121.9+4.50{\times}$(building area). Accordingly, this study wishes to compare and analyzes main contents of original cost method and results cost method, and propose predetermined amount estimation device through existent literature study investigation for accumulation of the construction cost.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2003

Recently, support vector learning attracts an enormous amount of interest in the areas of function approximation, pattern classification, and novelty detection. One of the main reasons for the success of the support vector machines(SVMs) seems to be the availability of global and sparse solutions. Among the approaches sharing the same reasons for success and exhibiting a similarly good performance, we have KFD(kernel Fisher discriminant) approach. In this paper, we consider the problem of function approximation utilizing both predetermined basis functions and the KFD approach for regression. After reviewing support vector regression, semi-parametric approach for including predetermined basis functions, and the KFD regression, this paper presents an extension of the conventional KFD approach for regression toward the direction that can utilize predetermined basis functions. The applicability of the presented method is illustrated via a regression example.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2012

This paper considers the preventive maintenance scheduling problem of the cluster tool which is one of the most important manufacturing equipments in the next-generation semiconductor production environment. We define a random process that expresses the successive amount of chemicals accumulating inside the tool. Based on the renewal theory, we find the expected value and probability distribution of the time that the amount of accumulated chemicals exceeds a predetermined level. For a given probability that the accumulated chemicals exceeds the predetermined level we present a method to obtain the number of chamber operations to perform the preventive maintenance of that chamber. In addition, a method to get the preventive maintenance schedule for the whole cluster tool is presented. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.133-134
• /
• 2023

Free-form buildings have a curved shape and are composed of geometric shapes, which require high precision. Therefore, this study proposed a new extrusion method, a piston method, that improves the precision of FCP by automatically extruding a predetermined amount of concrete by improving the aforementioned limitations. The technology to extrude a predetermined amount of concrete by applying pistons is expected to shorten construction period and increase economic efficiency by improving the precision and productivity of free-form panels.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2012

In the cost management of public construction projects, it is an important issue to develop an adequate cost data for estimating the predetermined amount by various methods. For a long time, a standard of estimation in korea is used as a basis for estimating the predetermined amount of public construction. However, they did not have a reasonable cost data based on a labor and equipment productivity analysis. For this reason, it is difficult to make a reasonable and efficient estimation of the costs, and this situation presents an urgent need for more accurate cost data to use in an early phase. This study analyzed the productivity of form work by the CYCLONE model, and presented the model on the number of optimal labor through sensitivity analysis. This CYCLONE model can be useful in analyzing productivity on the various sizes of form. Also, the regression model to estimate the daily output can be used in predicting the amount of labor. Considering the work duration in the regression model is expected to make the daily output estimation much more accurate.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.415-427
• /
• 2011

This study is aiming at estimating the demolition cost of deterioration housing by the rational method in order to provide for the demolition and new build project of the rental multi-family housing of LH. We investigated the actual state of demolition construction and work process of small size housing, and analysed an actual condition of estimation for the demolition cost through an advice by the expert of construction cost estimate. Furthermore, the 'estimation standard for the predetermined amount', 'estimation standard for the disposal cost of construction wastes' and precedent studies in public construction work were considered. As one of results in this study, cost accounting system, breakdown system and construction cost for the demolition work based on the standard of estimate were proposed and the predetermined amount of demolition construction for the multi-family housing with 2 or 3 floors could be produced by them. Eventually, It is estimated that the demolition cost per a multi-family housing is about 18,331,000(won) and 104,000(won) per floorage($m^2$). To the details, the result indicated that the direct demolition cost needs about 14,339,000(won) per a multi-family housing and the consignment disposal cost of wastes needs 3,992,000(won) per one. The results of the study will be used as the fundamental data to estimate the project cost in the phase of budget establishment for demolition and new build project of the deteriorated rental multi-family housings, and also cost accounting system of demolition construction and breakdown system are expect to be used effectively at the ordering of public construction work.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.289-291
• /
• 2000

In a competitive electricity power market, the price of electricity changes instantly, that of conventional market is predetermined and hardly changes. In such a new environment, customers' behaviors change instantly according to the changing electricity prices. If we develop a electricity load model that well describes the behavior of electricity consumers, we can utilize that model in forecasting the amount of future load, solving the load flow problem and finding the weak point of the system. In this paper new electricity model that considers the price of electricity and power factor of the load is presented. While conventional load model, which is demand function of electricity, uses the price of real and reactive power as the independent variable of the demand function. this new load model uses price of real power and penalty factor according to the power factor for the calculation of amount of electricity demand.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2017

The International maritime organization(IMO), in an effort to slow down the global warming, proposes reduction in ship's speed as a way to lower the rate emissions from ships. In addition, since ship's fuel cost have been increased, the shipping volumes, fuel-saving technology are being required urgently. Therefore, in this present study, a method of reducing the fuel cost that can improve the performance of the diesel engine was tried by introducing a predetermined amount (0.1~0.3% of the mass amount of fuel used) of hydrogen fuel additive. The experimental conditions of the test engine were 1500rpm and torque BMEP-10b ar. The engine performances (power output, fuel consumption rate, p-max, exhaust temperature) were compared before and after addition of hydrogen fuel additives. This experimental study confirmed reducing at least 2% fuel consumption and 2.19% NOx emission.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.328-332
• /
• 2006

Baikseolgi was made with Kugija powder with the intention to take advantage of its functional properties. Appropriate amount of Kugija powder (0$\sim$8%) was mixed with rice flour, sugar, salt, and water and then, steamed for predetermined time and their physicochemical and sensory properties were measured. pH decreased significantly while titratable acidity increased significantly with the addition of Kugija (p<0.05). The addition of Kugija powder did not significantly affect the moisture content (p>0.05) although it appeared to decrease with the higher amount of Kugija. Lightness (L-value) decreased significantly with the addition of Kugija (p<0.05), indicating that the color of Baikseolgi became dark as also indicated by the visual observation. Redness (a-value) and yellowness (b-value), on the other hand, increased significantly as the amount of Kugija increased in the sample (p<0.05). Both hardness and firmness decreased significantly with the addition of Kugija (p<0.05). Eight percentage Kugija Baikseolgi was significantly stronger in Kugija flavor (7.9), chewiness (6.1), sweetness (5.0), and yellowness (8.2) attributes than other samples, whereas control was significantly higher in mouthfeel (6.0) and hardness (6.0) attributes than others (p<0.05). Finally, consumer test indicated that 4% Kugija sample received the highest score in appearance (8.13) and overall acceptability (8.07) attributes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1984

The economical property of a shipping enterprise, as well as other transportation industries, is determined by the difference between the freight earned and expense paid. This study can be regarded as a division of optimizing ship allocation to routes under the integrated port transport system. Fleet planning and scheduling require complicated allocations of cargoes to ships and ships to routes in order to optimize the given criterion function for a given forecast period. This paper deals with the optimum ship allocation problem minimizing the operating cost of ships in a shipping company. Optimum fleet operating for a shipping enterprise is very important, since the marine transportation is a form of large quantity transport requiring long-term period, and there is a strong possibility to bring about large amount of loss in operation resulting from a faulty ship allocation. Where there are more than one loading and discharging ports, and a variety of ship's ability in speed, capacity, operating cost etc., and when the amount of commodities to be transported between the ports has been determined, then the ship's schedule minimizing the operating cost while satisfying the transport demand within the predetermined period will be made up. First of all a formula of ship allocation problems will be established and then will be constructed to solve an example by the Integer Programming application after consideration of the ship's ability, supply and demand of commodity, amount of commodity to be transported, operating costs of each ship etc. This study will give good information on deciding intention for a ship oprator or owner to meet the computerization current with shiping management.