• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2011

This study is to identify the trend of climate change in Gangwon-do by examining accumulated climate data such as temperature and precipitation in Gangneung city over the past about 100 years. The annual mean temperature and precipitation in Gangneung have increased by $1.4^{\circ}C$ and 14.7%, respectively, over the last 98 years (1912~2009). The trends of Gangneung showed that precipitation has intensified as the number of precipitation days decreased while its amount increased during the period. Based on the temperature data, spring and summer began earlier whereas the onsets of fall and winter were delayed. Summer has become longer and winter shorter by about a month. Averaging observation data from seven weather stations in Gangwon-do, the annual mean temperature and precipitation have increased by $0.8^{\circ}C$ and 21.0% respectively over the last 37 years (1973~2009). By region, Wonju city recorded the biggest increase of $1.6^{\circ}C$ in the annual mean temperature while Sokcho city the smallest increase of $0.4^{\circ}C$. In the annual mean precipitation, Daegwallweong recorded the biggest change of 22.2% and Wonju city the smallest of 12.0%.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.605-612
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• 2017

Climate change affects the natural ecosystem and human socioeconomic activities by acting on various constituents such as the atmospheric, oceanic, biological, and land constituents of the climate. Predicting the impacts of ongoing climate change will be an important factor in adapting to the climate of the future. In this study, precipitation-streamflow elasticity analysis of the Nakdong River area was conducted using the RCP 4.5 scenario developed by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Precipitation and streamflow in the Nakdong River area was analyzed using monthly, seasonal, and yearly data. Results found that the climate would become very humid climate by 2100. Results of this study can be applied to adaptation of climate change, management of water resources and efficient utilization of hydraulic structures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2016

Water vapor is main absorption factor of outgoing longwave radiation. So, it is essential to monitoring the changes in the amount of water vapor and to understanding the causes of such changes. In this study, we monitor temporal variability of Total Precipitable Water (TPW) which observed by satellite. Among climate variables, precipitation play an important part to analyze temporal variability of water vapor because it is produced by water vapor. And El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ is one of climate variables which appear regularly in comparison with the others. Through them, we analyze relationship between temporal variability of TPW and climate variable. In this study, we analyzed long-term change of TPW from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroadiometer (MODIS) data and change of precipitation in middle area of Korea peninsula quantitatively. After these analysis, we compared relation of TPW and precipitation with El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$. The aim of study is to research El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ has an impact on TPW and precipitation change in middle area of Korea peninsula. First of all, we calculated TPW and precipitation from time series analysis quantitatively, and anomaly analysis is performed to analyze their correlation. As a result, TPW and precipitation has correlation mostly but the part had inverse correlation was found. This was compared with El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ of anomaly results. As a result, TPW and precipitation had inverse correlation after El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ occurred. It was found that El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ have a decisive effect on change of TPW and precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

This study analyzed the A1B climate change scenario provided by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR), Korea, to investigate potential climate changes in watersheds of 15 multi-purpose dams in South Korea. The A1B climate change scenario is produced by Regional Climate Model (RCM) with 27 km horizontal grid spacings using a one-way nesting technique with Global Climate Model (GCM). Relative to present climate conditions (1971~ 2000), the modeled 10-year averaged daily temperatures at the watersheds of the 15 multi-purpose dams continuously increased to year 2100, whereas precipitation changes were varied regionally (north, central, and south regions of South Korea). At two watersheds located in Gangwon-province (north region), the modeled temporal variations of precipitation rapidly increased in the 2090's after a slow decrease that had occurred since the 2050's. At seven watersheds in the central region, including Gyeongsangbuk-province to Jeollanam-province, the modeled temporal variations of precipitation increase showed 10-year periodic changes. At six watersheds in the south region, the modeled temporal variations of precipitation increased since the 2070's after a rapid decrease in the 2060's. Compared to the climate conditions of the late of 20th century (1971~2000), the number of rainy days and precipitation intensity increased (3% and 6~12%, respectively) in the late 21st century (2071~2100). The frequency of precipitation events tended to increase with precipitation intensity in all regions. The frequency of heavy precipitation events (>50 mm $d^{-1}$) increased with >100% in the north region, 60~100% in the central region, and 20~60% in the south region.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1247-1250
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• 2004

The amount of precipitation during El Nino over Korea increases in Summer and Winter. However, it decreases in Fall, and exhibits not much change in Spring. Especially, the amount of precipitation during September of El Nino year is much less than that of the September of non-El Nino year. The amount of precipitation during El Nino year of October and November shows similar amount of precipitation during non-El Nino year of the same period. The reason for decreasing precipitation in September is related to the weakening of the 2nd rainy season during the development of El Nino over East Asia including Korea. Insufficiency of fall precipitation during El Nino year influences drought in Spring for next year.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.683-694
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• 2011

To analyze the regional impact of air temperature increase and precipitation variation on water resources, the variability of precipitation-effectiveness (P-E) ratio which is estimated using precipitation and air temperature data of 59 weather stations operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) during 1973~2009 was analyzed. Also runoff data resulting from the Precipitation-Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) modelling were analyzed during 1966~2007. The overall spatio-temporal variability of P-E ratio and runoff data in South Korea is corresponding to the variability of precipitation amount. However some region shows that the P-E ratio decreases even though the trend of precipitation amount increases which may be caused by the air temperature increase. Runoff trend is similar to that of P-E ratio. Precipitation and P-E ratio have decreased all seasons except summer season and it means the reduction of available water resources during those seasons. These variability should be reflected in the spring, fall, and winter water supply strategy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate change on the survival and growth performance of Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi seedlings using open-field experimental warming and precipitation manipulation. We measured the survival rate, root-collar diameter, and height, and then calculated the seedling quality index (SQI) of 2-year-old seedlings under 6 treatments [2 temperatures (TC: Control; TW: Warming) × 3 precipitation manipulations (PC: Control; PD: Decreased; PI: Increased)] and performed a two-way ANOVA to test for differences.The air temperature of the warming plots was 3℃ higher than that of the control plots, while the precipitation manipulation plots received ±40% of the precipitation received by the control plots. Temperature and precipitation treatments did not significantly affect the survival rate of P. densiflora; however, the SQI of P. densiflora decreased with increasing precipitation. In contrast, the mortality rate of L. kaempferi increased with increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation. Furthermore, in L. kaempferi, TC × PI treatment resulted in the lowest SQI with a significant interaction effect observed between the two factors. In summary, low seedling production and quality should be expected in P. densiflora as precipitation increases and in L. kaempferi as temperature increases or precipitation decreases. These results indicate species-specific sensitivities to climate change of two plant species at the nursery stage. With the occurrence of global warming, the frequencies of drought and heavy rainfall events are increased, and this could affect the survival and seedling quality of tree species. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nursery techniques by establishing new adaptation strategies based on species-specific growth performance responses.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2017

The effects of recent climate change on hydrological systems could affect the Winter Olympic Games (WOG) because the event is dependent on suitable snow and ice conditions to support elite-level competitions. We investigate the long-term variability and change in winter total precipitation (P), snowfall water equivalent (SFE), and ratios of SFE to P during the period 1973/74~2015/16 in Gangwon province. The climatological percentages of SFE relative to winter total precipitation were 71%, 28%, and 44% in Daegwallyeong, Chuncheon, and Gangneung, respectively. The winter total P, SFE, and SFE/P has decreased (but not significantly), although significant increases of winter maximum and minimum temperature were detected at a 95% confidence level. Notably, a significant negative trend of SFE/P at Daegwallyeong in February, the month of the WOG, was attributable to a larger decrease in SFE related to the increases in maximum and minimum temperature. Winter wet-day minimum temperatures were warmer than climatological minimum temperatures averaged over the study period. The 20-year return values of daily maximum P and SFE decreased in Yongdong area. Since the SFE/P decrease with increasing temperature, the probability of rainfall rather than snowfall can increase if global warming continues.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.52-56
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• 2009

In this study a dynamic modeling scheme is presented to derive the probabilistic structure of soil water and plant water stress when subject to stochastic precipitation conditions. The newly developed model has the form of the Fokker-Planck equation, and its applicability as a model for the probabilistic evolution of the soil water and plant water stress is investigated under climate change scenarios. This model is based on the cumulant expansion theory, and has the advantage of providing the probabilistic solution in the form of probability distribution function (PDF), from which one can obtain the ensemble average behavior of the dynamics. The simulation result of soil water confirms that the proposed soil water model can properly reproduce the results obtained from observations, and it also proves that the soil water behaves with consistent cycle based on the precipitation pattern. The plant water stress simulation, also, shows two different PDF patterns according to the precipitation. Moreover, with all the simulation results with climate change scenarios, it can be concluded that the future soil water and plant water stress dynamics will differently behave with different climate change scenarios.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2018

This study implemented the prediction of drought properties (number of drought events, intensity, duration) using the user-oriented systematical procedures of downscaling climate change scenarios based the multiple global climate models (GCMs), AIMS (APCC Integrated Modeling Solution) program. The drought properties were defined and estimated with Effective Drought Index (EDI). The optimal 10 models among 29 GCMs were selected, by the estimation of the spatial and temporal reproducibility about the five climate change indices related with precipitation. In addition, Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) as the downscaling technique is much better in describing the observed precipitation events than Spatial Disaggregation Quantile Delta Mapping (SDQDM). Even though the procedure was systematically applied, there are still limitations in describing the observed spatial precipitation properties well due to the offset of spatial variability in multi-model ensemble (MME) analysis. As a result, the farther into the future, the duration and the number of drought generation will be decreased, while the intensity of drought will be increased. Regionally, the drought at the central regions of the Korean Peninsula is expected to be mitigated, while that at the southern regions are expected to be severe.