• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.649-663
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• 2014

In past few years, the use of bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation (biocementation) has become popular as a ground improvement technique for sandy soil. However, this technique was not applied to organic soil. This study focused on bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation and its effect on permeability in organic soil. A special injection system was prepared for inducing bacterial solution to the samples. The bacterial solution supplied to the samples by gravity for 4 days in specific molds designed for this work. Calcite precipitation was observed by monitoring pH value and measuring amount of calcium carbonate. Change in the permeability was measured before and after biocementation. The test results showed that the pH values indicates that the treatment medium is appropriate for calcite precipitation, and amount of precipitated calcium carbonate in organic soil increased about 20% from untreated one. It was also found that the biocementation can be considered as an effective method for reducing permeability of organic soil. The results were supported by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) 제조에 있어 칼슘이온 추출 최적화를 위하여 추출 용제, 용제의 농도, 추출원의 투입량, 전처리 공정 등 다양한 추출 조건에 따른 실험을 수행하였다. 칼슘추출원으로 CaO를 사용하였으며, 칼슘이온의 추출량과 CaO의 입자크기를 확인하기 위하여 ICP와 SEM 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 2 M의 hydrochloric acid를 용제로 사용한 경우 100%의 칼슘이온이 추출되었으며, 추출원의 최적 투입량은 6 g으로 확인하였다. 반면 반응시간, 반응온도, 입자 분쇄 및 열처리 공정은 칼슘이온 추출량에 큰 영향이 없음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.540-548
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• 2016

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (CCP) is a long-standing but re-emerging environmental engineering process for production of self-healing concrete, bioremediation, and long-term storage of CO₂. CCP-capable bacteria, two Bacillus strains (JH3 and JH7) and one Sporosarcina strain (HYO08), were isolated from two samples of concrete and characterized phylogenetically. Calcium carbonate crystals precipitated by the three strains were morphologically distinct according to field emission scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry mapping confirmed biomineralization via extracellular calcium carbonate production. The three strains differed in their physiological characteristics: growth at alkali pH and high NaCl concentrations, and urease activity. Sporosarcina sp. HYO08 and Bacillus sp. JH7 were more alkali- and halotolerant, respectively. Analysis of the community from the same concrete samples using barcoded pyrosequencing revealed that the relative abundance of Bacillus and Sporosarcina species was low, which indicated low culturability of other dominant bacteria. This study suggests that calcium carbonate crystals with different properties can be produced by various CCP-capable strains, and other novel isolates await discovery.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 전자산업폐수에 함유되어 있는 불소성분을 제거하기 위하여 미세 침강성 석회석을 적용해보고자 하였다. 석회석의 입자크기는 평균 $0.96{\mu}m$이었으며, 질량 기준으로 70%가 함유된 수용액상의 pH는 10이었다. 현탁액의 침강속도는 2 mL/hr로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시험용 석회석 수용액은 폐수 중화와 불소이온 제거능력 면에서 기존의 액상소석회와 동등 이상의 성능을 보여주었다. 추가적인 알칼리 증량제의 투입양에 따라 pH 7에 도달할 수 있는 시험용 칼슘원의 양은 기존의 석회수보다 적었다. 또한 불화수소로 고정시킬 수 있는 양도 미분말 석회석이 석회수보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Minteq 평형모델링으로부터 다양한 불소와 칼슘화합물 형성이 예상되었다.

• 공학논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2004

CaO의 첨가량에 따라 $CO_2$가스를 불어넣고 반응시간 변화에 따라 용매로 $C_2 H_5 OH$을 사용하여 에틸렌글리콜을 첨가한 CaO-$C_2 H_5 OH$-$CO_2$계의 기.액반응으로부터 비정질 $CaCO_3$의 합성과 결정구조를 전기전도도, X-선회절 및 주사전자현미경으로 조사하였다. 이 반응에서 900ml의 $C_2 H_5 OH$에 에틸렌글리콜 100ml를 첨가하고 CaO의 양을 10~40g으로 하여 $CO_2$가스를 1$\ell$/min의 유속으로 흡입시켜 얻은 합성분말의 겔형 물질을 신속히 여과, 감압하의 $60^{\circ}C$에서 건조하여 1${\mu}m$이하의 구형 vaterite상과 무정형인 비정질 $CaCO_3$을 얻었다. 그리고 비정질 $CaCO_3$의 일부는 중간생성물로서 연쇄형 calcite로 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었고 침강성 $CaCO_3$의 생성보다 먼저 초기 반응생성물은 비정질 $CaCO_3$이었고 이 경우 생성역역은 pH 7-9의 범위로 상당한 영향을 준다. 또한 비정질 $CaCO_3$은 용액 속에서 불안정하여 용해반응으로 인해서 결국 calcite로 결정화한다. 특히 비정질 $CaCO_3$은 CaO-$C_2 H_5 OH$-$CO_2$계의 반응에 의해서 침강되어 생성되거나 또는 gel상으로 된다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1997

This study was intended to investigate the proper shape and size of calcium carbonate for the improvement of paper properties and its end use performance. We loaded calcium carbonate of various shapes and size in the handsheet and measured their physical and optical properties. Results obtained from the study are summarized as follows : 1. Due to different particle shapes and sizes, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) contributed greater to bulk improvement than ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Scalenohedral form of PCC produced the bulkiest sheet, GCC made the sheet bulkier as average particle size increases. 2. Tensile strength increased as average particle size was increasing. GCC kept tensile strength more effectively than PCC. The effect of particle size on tensile strength was much more pronounced as filler addition level was increasing. 3. Over the average particle size of 6.99$\mu$m, GCC gave much higher burst strength and internal bond than PCC did. In the filler levels of 20% and 30%, GCC by using bigger size fillers showed 50~100% improvement in some cases than PCC at the same filler content. 4. Tear strength increased as average particle size was increasing. At the filler level of 30%, PCC decreased tear greatly. 5. Over the average particle size of 13.56$\mu$m, GCC kept bending stiffness greater than PCC. Due to its shape, Scalenohedral form of PCC showed higher stiffness than others at the same particle size. 6. Cubic and acicular form of PCC improved light scattering coefficient very effectively. Light scattering coefficient of GCC decreased as average particle size increased. 7. Both of particle shape and size of filler were important factor in developing optical properties and bending stiffness. Particle size was the only important factor in developing other strength properties

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 탄산화법으로 침강성 CaCO$_3$분말을 제조하고 제조된 CaCO$_3$현탁액의 분산안정성을 연구하였다. CaCO$_3$현탁액의 pH 변화와 고분자전해질 PMAA와 PAA의 첨가에 따른 입자크기, 유동학적 특성(점도), zeta potential 및 현탁액의 침강속도 등을 측정하였다. 탄산화법에 의해 약 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기와 비표면적이 23.57$m^2$/g인 단분단 calcite형 CaCO$_3$분말을 제조하였다. pH가 11인 CaCO$_3$현탁액에 0.01 wt% PMAA가 첨가된 경우에 우수한 분산안정성을 나타내었는데 이는 CaCO$_3$입자표면에 PMAA의 흡착에 의한 electrosteric 안정화기구와 CaCO$_3$입자들 사이의 정전기적 반발력에 의한 것으로 판단된다. PMAA와 PAA 첨가량 변화에 따른 pH 6, 9, 11의 CaCO$_3$현탁액의 침전높이를 측정한 결과 PMAA와 PAA의 농도가 0.15 wt% 부근에서 분산안정성을 보였는데 이는 CaCO$_3$입자들 사이간의 분산제에 의한 뚜렷한 경계를 갖는 흡착층이 형성되었기 때문으로 생각되며 따라서 CaCO$_3$현탁액의 최적 분산안정성을 위해서는 적절한 pH 조절과 PMAA 및 PAA의 첨가가 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

This study was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of ultra fine precipitated calcium carbonate (UFPCC) on properties of coating color, coated paper and off-set printability. It was found that blending of UFPCC increased the low-shear viscosity and water retention of coating color. The smaller the particle size, the more significant the effect of it. When the blending ratio of UFPCC was increased, brightness, whiteness and opacity of the coated paper were improved, while paper gloss was decreased due to the increase in roughness. When the UFPCC with the average particle size of $0.12{\mu}m$ was used, the ink receptivity during off-set printing was improved while print gloss was maintained or a little decreased. It was also observed that the dry-pick and wet-pick strength of coated paper were improved by the use of UFPCC. In conclusion, it is possible to produce the low gloss matt paper with the use of UFPCC since it could improve the optical properties and ink receptivity of coated paper.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.164-171
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• 1999

A new technique for recycling process water was developed in order to reduce the calcium hardness of the closed OCC recycling system. Calcium ions present in the white water were precipitated as calcium carbonate by a reaction with sodium carbonate and the CaCO$_3$precipitates were easily removed from the system by a dissolved air flotation(DAF) method. After the DAF stage, CO$_2$-gas was purged into the water because the pH of Na$_2$CO$_3$-treated white water was reduced to neutral by CO$_2$gas. Since CaCO$_3$precipitate tends to stick onto the fine fiber surface and then is selectively removed from the water, a proper amount of suspended solid in the process water acts as an important factor in deciding the removal efficiency. By the application of Na$_2$CO$_3$addition - DAF - CO$_2$purging to the short circulated white water the calcium hardness was significantly reduced by 92% and more. The removal of calcium ions with fine fibers led to drainage improvement, reduction of fresh water consumption, and enhanced efficiency of wet-end chemicals.