• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.31-31
• /
• 2001

This study was to establish in uitro culture system of mouse preantral follicles and to obtain higher in vitro development rates and production of live young. Preantral follicles were obtained from 12-day-old FI mouse (C57BL $\times$ CBA) by enzymatical methods. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) of preantral follicles were loaded on Transwell-COL insert and cultured in $\alpha$MEM supplemented with 5% FBS, 100 mIU/$m\ell$ FSH and 100 mIU/$m\ell$ hMG for IVG. IVM was performed in $\alpha$MEM supplemented 1.5 IU/$m\ell$ hCG for 18 hrs and IVF was carried out in Ml6 medium. Embryos were cultured in modified Ml6 medium supplemented 10% FBS for 4 days. The effect of the OGCs size on the nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation was significantly higher in 120-150 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 33.0%, $\geq$2-cell: 36.7%, $\geq$morula: 20.9%) than in 70-110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 12.2%, $\geq$2-cell: 10.2%, $\geq$morula: 4.8%) (p<0.001). In period of the IVG days, the rate of $\geq$2-cell was significantly higher in 10 days(38.2%) than in 12 days (20.0%) (p<0.01). In period of IVF time, 9 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 31.5%, $\geq$ morula: 14.3%) indicated significantly higher cytoplasmic maturation rate than 4 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 17.5%, This study was to establish in vitro culture system of mouse preantral follicles and to obtain higher in vitro development rates and production of live young. Preantral follicles were obtained from 12-day-old FI mouse (C57BL $\times$ CBA) by enzymatical methods. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) of preantral follicles were loaded on Transwell-COL insert and cultured in $\alpha$MEM supplemented with 5% FBS, 100 mIU/$m\ell$ FSH and 100 mIU/$m\ell$ hMG for IVG. IVM was performed in $\alpha$MEM supplemented 1.5 IU/$m\ell$ hCG for 18 hrs and IVF was carried out in Ml6 medium. Embryos were cultured in modified Ml6 medium supplemented 10% FBS for 4 days. The effect of the OGCs size on the nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation was significantly higher in 120-150 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 33.0%, $\geq$2-cell: 36.7%, $\geq$morula: 20.9%) than in 70-110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (MII: 12.2%, $\geq$2-cell: 10.2%, $\geq$morula: 4.8%) (p<0.001). In period of the IVG days, the rate of $\geq$2-cell was significantly higher in 10 days(38.2%) than in 12 days (20.0%) (p<0.01). In period of IVF time, 9 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 31.5%, $\geq$ morula: 14.3%) indicated significantly higher cytoplasmic maturation rate than 4 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 17.5%, $\geq$morula: 4.8%) and 7 hrs ($\geq$2-cell: 20.4%, $\geq$morula: 6.1%) (p<0.01). However, there was no difference in cytoplasmic maturation between co-cultured preantral follicle ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%) and preantral follicle cultured in Ml6 ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%). 22 morula and blastocysts produced in above optimal condition were transferred to uterus of 2 pseudopregnant recipients, 1 recipient was pregnant and then born 1 live young. This result demonstrates that in vitro culture system of preantral follicles can be used efficiently as another method to supply mouse oocyte.morula: 4.8%) and 7 hrs (2-cell: 20.4%, $\geq$morula: 6.1%) (p<0.01). However, there was no difference in cytoplasmic maturation between co-cultured preantral follicle ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%) and preantral follicle cultured in Ml6 ( $\geq$morula: 17.4%). 22 morula and blastocysts produced in above optimal condition were transferred to uterus of 2 pseudopregnant recipients, 1 recipient was pregnant and then born 1 live young. This result demonstrates that in vitro culture system of preantral follicles can be used efficiently as another method to supply mouse oocyte.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2001

본 실험은 preantral 난포를 antral 단계까지 성숙시 비교, 또 난포 성숙, 수정 및 배발달을 유도할 수 있는 체외배양체계를 개발하고자 시행되었다. 협막세포로 둘러쌓인 소 preantral난포 (150 $\pm$ 1.2 $\mu\textrm{m}$)를 1 mg/$m\ell$ collagenase와 0.2 mg/$m\ell$ DNase I가 포함된 Leibovitz L-15 배양액에서 효소적 방법과 물리적 방법으로 난소조직으로부터 분리하였고, 체외난포 성숙 배양액인 $\alpha$MEM을 기본 배양액으로 여러 농도의 FSH와 LH를 첨가하여 25일간 배양하였다. FSH (10~150 ng/$m\ell$) 첨가군의 성숙율과 생존율은 대조군의 그것보다 유의하게 높았으나(P ＜ 0.001), LH (1~125 ng/$m\ell$) 첨가군들과 대조군 사이에서는 유의차가 없었다. FSH (90 ng/$m\ell$)와 LH (25 ng/$m\ell$)를 공동첨가군의 생존율 (40%)과 성숙율 (244$\pm$0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$)은 대조군의 그것 (25%, 160 $\pm$0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$)보다 양호하였다. 결과적으로, preantral 난포를 25일간 체외배양한 후, 50%의 건강한 antral 난포를 획득할 수 있었고, 이들 난포중 60%가 제 1극체가 있는 완전한 감수분열을 이루었고 (18.1%), 10.0%가 배발달을 하여 배반포 단계에 이르렀다. 이런 결과는 협막세포가 있는 소 preantral 난포는 상기의 체외배양체계에 의해 antral 단계까지 성장할 수 있고, 체외에서 성숙된 소 preantral 난포의 난자는 분열능을 획득하고 수정 및 배발달이 가능하다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.207-211
• /
• 2010

Current developments in IVF and animal cloning have resulted in increasing demand for large quantities of oocytes and ovarian follicles at specific stages of development. These medical and scientific needs may be met by developing an optimal culture system for preantral follicles. In this study, we investigated the growth of porcine preantral follicle cultures in different media and in the presence and absence of serum. Follicles were manually dissected from ovaries obtained from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughterhouse, and cultured for 3 days in M199 or NCSU23 medium supplemented with porcine FSH, transferrin, L-ascorbic acid and insulin. Follicle diameters were measured on day 1 and 3 of culture. In Experiment 1, the effect of supplementing culture medium with fetal calf serum (FCS) on porcine preantral follicle growth was examined. In the group of cultures supplemented with FCS, follicle diameter after 3 days of culture, survival rate and antrum formation rate in the FCS group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In Experiment 2, the effects of culture medium (M199 and NCSU23) on follicle growth were compared. Follicle diameters were increased in the M199 group, compared with those in NCSU23 (p<0.05), but we observed no significant differences in survival and antrum formation rates between cultures grown in the two media. In conclusion, supplementation of the culture medium with serum enhances preantral follicle growth and antrum formation, and M199 is superior to NUSU23 for porcine preantral follicle culture in vitro.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2006

고양이의 연령에 따른 난포의 분포를 알아보고 난포의 배양과 난자 생산의 가능성을 알아보고자 0.3세부터 5세까지의 총 41 마리 고양이를 난소 적출술 후 사용하였다. 고양이 난소의 무게와 크기를 측정하고 난포의 분포를 알아보기 위해 난소를 10% formalin에 보관한 후 고정된 난소를 $3{\mu}m$-sections으로 자른 후 조직 슬라이드를 준비하여 hematoxylin와 eosin으로 염색하였다. 난포의 분포를 200 배율와 400 배율 현미경하에서 평가하였으며 난포를 원시 난포(primordial), 일차 난포(primary), 이행성 난포(transitional), 전동난포(preantral), 동난포(antral)로 분류하여 관찰하였다. 단순 기계적인 방법에 의해 전동난포(preantral follicles)를 분리하여 배양배지가 담긴 96 microliter plates well로 옮겨 배양하였다. 난포의 배양액은 Medium 199에 1% ITS(insulin, transferrin, selenium)를 첨가하고 10% FBS나 10% PVA를 첨가하여 사용하였으며 배양배지위에 mineral oil를 덮고 16일 동안 난포를 배양하였다. 난포의 크기는 4일마다 측정하였다. 0.3세부터 5세까지 고양이 난소의 무게는 0.1g에서 0.3g으로 증가하는 양상을 보이기는 했으나 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 난포의 분포는 고양이의 연령에 관계없이 원시난포의 분포가 그 외 난포들의 분포보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 난포를 4일 이상 배양하였을 때 배양액의 조성성분과 관계없이 난포의 크기가 감소하였으며, 체외 배양된 난포로부터 적은 수의 난자만을 회수할 수 있었다. 많은 수의 원시 난포 등을 분리하기 위한 유용한 난포 분리법과 난포의 배양에 필요한 기타 성분들의 비교 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되며 이러한 집 고양이를 이용한 기초 번식 기술은 미래에 멸종위기에 처한 고양이 과 동물을 보존하기 위한 중요한 방법이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.353-357
• /
• 2008

A series of studies has been conducted to establish a base infrastructure for an ovarian follicle culture system in the porcine and this study was designed to develop an effective retrieval protocol of preantral follicles. Five different methods using collagenase type I (A) or IV (B, C1, C2 and C3), which employed different treatment durations and/or conditions, were employed and sliced ovarian tissue of prepubertal gilts was provided for the retrieval. A significant increase in total number of follicles retrieved was detected when collagenase IV (methods B or C) was used. In total, more ovarian follicles were retrieved by method B undertaking agitation and method C2 without the agitation than method C1 and C3, while the number of preantral follicles collected was the largest in method B. Neither incubation in 5% $CO_2$ in air atmosphere instead of the agitation nor increased duration of enzymatic treatment up to 120 minutes improved the efficiency of follicle retrieval. There were no differences in the number of follicles retrieved from intact ovaries and from used ovaries for oocyte collection. These results demonstrate the collagenase IV treatment with agitation is effective for retrieving porcine preantral follicles from the ovaries.

• 한국가축번식학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1999

본 연구는 생쥐 preantral follicle 의 체외성장 및 성숙에 있어서 gonadotrophins 인 FSH 와 LH 의 효과를 조사하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. FSH 첨가군들은 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 높은 생존율과 성숙율을 나타냈으며, 100$m\ell$D/$m\ell$ 의 FSH 농도가 preantral follicle 의 체외배양에 적정한 농도인 것으로 나타났다. 2. HMG 첨가군은 FSH 첨가군보다, 통계적 유의차는 인정되지 않았지만, 높은 생존율과 성숙율을 나타냈다. 3. FSH 와 LH 의 첨가비율이 100$m\ell$U/$m\ell$ 대 10$m\ell$D/$m\ell$(10:1) 에서 가장 높은 생존율과 성숙율을 나타냈다. 4. FSH 혹은 HMG 첨가시, 정상적인 oestradiol 과 progesterone 분비양상을 나타냈으며, HMG 첨가군에서 유의하게 높은 농도의 oestradiol 과 progesterone 을 분비하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, gonadotrophins 은 preantral follicle 의 체외성장 및 성숙뿐만 아니라 steroidogenesis 에서 중요한 역할을 수행한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2013

Although assisted reproductive technology is very useful to develop novel and therapeutic biomaterials for reproduction, research on molecular mechanism of folliculogenesis in pig is not clear. Therefore, the alteration of gene expression during follicular development in pigs was examined in this study. The expression of folliculogenesis-related genes was quantified in preantral ($250{\sim}300{\mu}m$) and antral (> $300{\mu}m$ in diameter) follicles, and overall gene expression was evaluated by a genome-wide microarray. The microarray results showed that 219 genes were differentially expressed, and of those, 10 and 22 known genes showed higher and less expression at the preantral stage than at antral stages, respectively. Among them, the expression of NR0B1, PPARG, GATA4, and ANXA2 genes related to folliculogenesis was validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The expression of PPARG and GATA4 genes were increased at antral stages, but a significantly stage-specific increase (p<0.05) was only detected in annexin A2 (ANXA2) in antral-stage follicles. The expression of NR0B1 genes was increased at preantral stage and these patterns of gene expression were comparable to the results obtained by microarray analysis. We propose that the systematical regulation of genes supporting specific follicle stage should be employed for improved in-vitro folliculognesis.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한불임학회 2003년도 제44차 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2003

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2000

Objective: Our present studies were conducted to examine more effective isolating method of preantral follicles from mouse ovaries. Methods: ICR mice (3-6 weeks old) were sacrificed through cervical dislocation and their ovaries were removed and put into watch glasses containing Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Preantral follicles were isolated by three different methods; 1) enzymatical method and 2) mincing method, and 3) scraping method. Enzymatical method was carried out as following. Ovaries were bisected with a pair of fine 30G needles. Bisected ovaries were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ and 5% $CO_2$ incubator in 2-well dish containing Hams F-10 supplemented with collagenase 600 lU/ml and DNAse 20 lU/ml. After 20 min., follicles were isolated by repeated pipetting. Isolated preantral follicles were collected, and the remnant of tissues was placed in incubator and previous procedure was repeated. Mincing method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles attached to 1 ml syringes and minced ovary. Scraping method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles and scratched to surface of ovary. The differences between isolating methods were analyzed using Student's t-test and Chi-square. Results were considered statistically significant when ${\rho}$ value was less than 0.05. Results: In handling time, mincing or scraping method ($28{\pm}3.42$ min or $16{\pm}1.58$ min) were significantly (p<0.00001) shorter than enzymatical method ($72{\pm}1.69$ min), and scraping method was significantly (p<0.01) shorter than mincing method. Total number of isolated follicles was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in enzymatical method ($49.8{\pm}3.91$) than in mincing or scraping method ($25.3{\pm}2.33$ or $20.5{\pm}1.75$). Isolated follicles in ${\leq}$90${\mu}m$ were significantly (p<0.005) higher in enzymatical method ($15{\pm}1.71$) than in mincing or scraping method ($7.8{\pm}0.98$ or $8.1{\pm}1.31$). In 91~130 ${\mu}m$, isolated follicles were significantly (p<0.0005) higher in enzymatical method ($33{\pm}3.27$) than in mincing or scraping method ($16.3{\pm}1.82$ or $10.7{\pm}1.38$). In ${\geq}$ 131 ${\mu}m$, isolated follicles were not significantly differences between all groups. In equal sizes, the rate of isolated follicles in ${\leq}$ 90 ${\mu}m$ was highest in scraping method (39.6% vs. enzymatical method: 30.1%, p<0.05; mincing method: 30.9%, p=0.11719, NS). Rate of follicles in $91{\sim}130$ ${\mu}m$ was significantly (p<0.05) lower in scraping method (52.7%) than in enzymatical or mincing method (66.3% or 64.5%). Rate of follicles in ${\geq}$131 ${\mu}m$ was highest in scraping method (8.3% vs. enzymatical or scraping method: 3.6%, p<0.05 or 4.6%, p=0.19053, NS). Conclusions: This study suggests that scraping method is simple and useful for isolation of preantral follicles, because this method reduced handling time and recovered enough follicles. The recovered rate of isolated follicles in diameter of 91 ~ 130 ${\mu}m$ was highest in all methods.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess follicular viability and competence through in vitro culture of preantral follicles isolated from vitrified mouse whole ovaries. Mouse preantral follicles were enzymatically isolated from vitrified- warmed and fresh ovaries and cultured for 10 days followed by in vitro oocyte maturation. In vitro matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Five minutes pre-exposure to vitrification solution of whole ovaries had significantly higher (p<0.05) oocyte survival and maturation rates than between 10 min exposure groups. Oocyte diameter was significantly smaller (p<0.05) in the 5 and 10 min exposure groups ($69.4{\pm}2.8$ and $67.8{\pm}3.1$) when compared to that of control group ($71.7{\pm}2.1$). There was no statistical significant difference in blastocyst development rates between vitrification group (8.6%) and the fresh control group (12.0%). The mean number of cells per blastocyst was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the vitrification group ($41.9{\pm}20.2$) than in the fresh control group ($55.1{\pm}22.5$). The results show that mouse oocytes within preantral follicles isolated from the vitrified whole ovaries can achieve full maturation, normal fertilization and embryo development.