• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pre-diagnosis Management

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Analysis of the Outcomes of Surgically-Treated Spinal Epidural Hematomas (척추 경막외 출혈에 대한 수술적 치료성적 분석)

  • Cho, Young-Hyun;Park, Jin-Hoon;Kim, Ji-Hoon;Roh, Sung-Woo;Kim, Chang-Jin;Jeon, Sang-Ryong
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.163-169
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Spinal epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rare condition requiring an urgent diagnosis and management. We describe here the clinical features, magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings, and outcomes of surgery in six patients with spinal EDH. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed six patients who underwent surgery for spinal EDH between April 2004 and May 2010. Preoperative MRI findings within 48 hours of symptom occurrence were analyzed for cord compression, extent of EDH, and presence of vascular abnormalities. Pre- and postoperative neurological status was also assessed comparatively. Results: Our six patients consisted of three men and three women, with a mean age of 70 years (range: 54-88 years), who presented with the back pain or motor weakness. The mean follow-up period was 34 months (range: 2-72 months). Two patients had cardiovascular disease and were taking warfarin, but the others had no history of medical comorbidity. Those two patients taking warfarin had a history of trauma, another one experienced symptoms during a strenuous effort, and the others developed spontaneously. Before surgery, motor power was grade III in three patients, grade 0 in two patients, and normal in one patient. Preoperative MRI showed no vascular abnormalities except for the EDH in any patient. At the last follow-up, all those five patients with motor weakness showed neurological improvement compared to their preoperative status. There were no complications related to surgery. All six patients were able to ambulate with or without an assistive device. Conclusion: Spinal EDH can occur in patients without trauma, bleeding diathesis, or combined vascular pathology. The surgical outcomes of spinal EDH seem to be satisfactory, even in quadriplegic patients.

Surgical Management of Multidrug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis (다제내성 폐결핵 환자에서의 수술적 치료)

  • 성숙환;강창현;김영태;김주현
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1999
  • Background: Medical treatment of multiple drug resistant(MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis has been quite unsuccessful. We analyzed our experience to identify the benefits and complications of the pulmonary resection in MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Method: A retrospective review was performed in 27 patients who unerwent pulmonary resection for MDR pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1994 and March 1998. Mean age was 40 years and the average history of diagnosis prior to surgery was 3.1 years. All had resistance to an average of 4.4 drugs, and received second line drugs selected according to the drug sensitivity test. Most patients (93%) had cavitary lesions as the main focus. Bilateral lesions were identified in 19 patients (70%), however, the main focus was recognized in one side of the lung. Eleven patients (41%) were converted to negative sputum smear and/or culture before surgery. Result: Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 patients, lobectomy in 16 and segmentectomy in 2. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity had occurred in 7 patients (26%), prolonged air leak in 3 patients, reoperation due to bleeding in 2, bronchopleural fistula in 1, and reversible neurologic defect in 1. Median follow up period was 15 months (3-45 months). Sputum negative conversion was initially achieved in 22 patients (82%), and with continuous postopertive chemotherapy negative conversion was achieved in other 4 patients (14%). Only one pneumonectized patient (4%) failed due to considerable contralateral cavity. Conclusion: For patients with localized MDR pulmonary tuberculosis and with adequate pulmonary reserve function, surgical pulmonary resection combined with appropriate pre and postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy can achieve high success rate with acceptable morbidity.

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"Post-Decompressive Neuropathy": New-Onset Post-Laminectomy Lower Extremity Neuropathic Pain Different from the Preoperative Complaint

  • Boakye, Lorraine A.T.;Fourman, Mitchell S.;Spina, Nicholas T.;Laudermilch, Dann;Lee, Joon Y.
    • Asian Spine Journal
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.1043-1052
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    • 2018
  • Study Design: Level III retrospective cross-sectional study. Purpose: To define and characterize the presentation, symptom duration, and patient/surgical risk factors associated with 'post-decompressive neuropathy (PDN).' Overview of Literature: PDN is characterized by lower extremity radicular pain that is 'different' from pre-surgical radiculopathy or claudication pain. Although it is a common constellation of postoperative symptoms, PDN is incompletely characterized and poorly understood. We hypothesize that PDN is caused by an intraoperative neuropraxic event and may develop early (within 30 days following the procedure) or late (after 30 days following the procedure) within the postoperative period. Methods: Patients who consented to undergo lumbar laminectomy with or without an instrumented fusion for degenerative lumbar spine disease were followed up prospectively from July 2013 to December 2014. Relevant data were extracted from the charts of the eligible patients. Patient demographics and surgical factors were identified. Patients completed postoperative questionnaires 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Questions were designed to characterize the postoperative pain that differed from preoperative pain. A diagnosis of PDN was established if the patient exhibited the following characteristics: pain different from preoperative pain, leg pain worse than back pain, a non-dermatomal pain pattern, and nocturnal pain that often disrupted sleep. A Visual Analog Scale was used to monitor the pain, and patients documented the effectiveness of the prescribed pain management modalities. Patients for whom more than one follow-up survey was missed were excluded from analysis. Results: Of the 164 eligible patients, 118 (72.0%) completed at least one follow-up survey at each time interval. Of these eligible patients, 91 (77.1%) described symptoms consistent with PDN. Additionally, 75 patients (82.4%) described early-onset symptoms, whereas 16 reported symptoms consistent with late-onset PDN. Significantly more female patients reported PDN symptoms (87% vs. 69%, p=0.03). Patients with both early and late development of PDN described their leg pain as an intermittent, constant, burning, sharp/stabbing, or dull ache. Early PDN was categorized more commonly as a dull ache than late-onset PDN (60% vs. 31%, p=0.052); however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Opioids were significantly more effective for patients with early-onset PDN than for those with late-onset PDN (85% vs. 44%, p=0.001). Gabapentin was most commonly prescribed to patients who cited no resolution of symptoms (70% vs. 31%, p=0.003). Time to symptom resolution ranged from within 1 month to 1 year. Patients' symptoms were considered unresolved if symptoms persisted for more than 1 year postoperatively. In total, 81% of the patients with early-onset PDN reported complete symptom resolution 1 year postoperatively compared with 63% of patients with late-onset PDN (p=0.11). Conclusions: PDN is a discrete postoperative pain phenomenon that occurred in 77% of the patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy with or without instrumented fusion. Attention must be paid to the constellation and natural history of symptoms unique to PDN to effectively manage a self-limiting postoperative issue.

Effects of Music Therapy on Depression and Rehabilitation Motivation of Inpatients with Stroke (뇌졸중으로 입원한 환자에게 제공한 음악요법이 우울과 재활 동기에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Youn-Young;Lee, Mi-Joon;Kim, Eun-Sil;Lee, Ji-Won;Kwon, Young-In;Ha, Yu-Mi
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.220-229
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to evaluate the effect of music therapy on depression and rehabilitation-motivation provided to stroke patients, thus achieving evidence-based music therapy as a nursing intervention method for patients. Thirty-three people who were hospitalized for stroke diagnosis at K-Hospital were required to listen to 10 pre-selected songs for three days before bedtime. According to the general characteristics, the proportion of male participants (25, 75.8%) was higher than female (8, 24.2%), and by age group, 6(18.2%) were in 40s, 19(57.6%) were in 50s and 8(24.2%) were aged 60 or older. The study data were analyzed using Wilcoxon-signed rank test. As a result, music therapy does not affect depression and rehabilitation-motivation. However, it was shown to be effective in reducing depression in MMSE group 1 (≤ 29) with low cognitive levels. It is expected that this study can be used as an evidence for music therapy which can be applied as a way to increase the effectiveness of nursing intervention.

A basic research for evaluation of a Home Care Nursing Delivery System (가정간호 서비스 질 평가를 위한 도구개발연구)

  • Kim, Mo-Im;Cho, Won-Jung;Kim, Eui-Sook;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Chang, Soon-Bok;Ryu, Ho-Sihn
    • Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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    • v.6
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a basic framework and criteria for evaluation of quality care provided to patients with the attributes of disease in the home care nursing field, and to provide measurement tools for home health care in the future. The study design was a developmental study for evaluation of hospital-based HCN(home care nursing) in Korea. The study process was as follows: a home care nursing study team of College of Nursing. Yonsei University reviewed the nursing records of 47 patients who were enrolled at Yonsei University Medical Center Home Care Center in March, 1995. Twenty-five patients were insured at that time, were selected from 47 patients receiving home care service for study feasibility with six disease groups; Caesarean Section (C/S), simple nephrectomy, Liver cirrhosis(LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), Lung cancer or cerebrovascular accident(CVA). In this study, the following items were selected : First step : Preliminary study 1. Criteria and items were selected on the basis of related literature on each disease area. 2. Items were identified by home care nurses. 3. A physician in charge reviewed the criteria and content of selected items. 4. Items were revised through preliminary study offered to both HCN patients and discharged patients from the home care center. Second step : Pretest 1. To verify the content of the items, a pretest was conducted with 18 patients of which there were three patients in each of the six selected disease groups. Third step : Test of reliability and validity of tools 1. Using the collected data from 25 patients with either cis, Simple nephrectomy, LC, COPD, Lung cancer, or CVA. the final items were revised through a panel discussion among experts in medical care who were researchers, doctors, or nurses. 2. Reliability and validity of the completed tool were verified with both inpatients and HCN patients in each of field for researches. The study results are as follows: 1. Standard for discharge with HCN referral The referral standard for home care, which included criteria for discharge with HCN referral and criteria leaving the hospital were established. These were developed through content analysis from the results of an open-ended questionnaire to related doctors concerning characteristic for discharge with HCN referral for each of the disease groups. The final criteria was decided by discussion among the researchers. 2. Instrument for measurement of health statusPatient health status was measured pre and post home care by direct observation and interview with an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 61 items based on Gorden's nursing diagnosis classification. These included seven items on health knowledge and health management, eight items on nutrition and metabolism, three items on elimination, five items on activity and exercise, seven items on perception and cognition, three items on sleep and rest, three items on self-perception, three items on role and interpersonal relations, five items on sexuality and reproduction, five items on coping and stress, four items on value and religion, three items on family. and three items on facilities and environment. 3. Instrument for measurement of self-care The instrument for self-care measurement was classified with scales according to the attributes of the disease. Each scale measured understanding level and practice level by a Yes or No scale. Understanding level was measured by interview but practice level was measured by both observation and interview. Items for self-care measurement included 14 for patients with a CVA, five for women who had a cis, ten for patients with lung cancer, 12 for patients with COPD, five for patients with a simple nephrectomy, and 11 for patients with LC. 4. Record for follow-up management This included (1) OPD visit sheet, (2) ER visit form, (3) complications problem form, (4) readmission sheet. and (5) visit note for others medical centers which included visit date, reason for visit, patient name, caregivers, sex, age, time and cost required for visit, and traffic expenses, that is, there were open-end items that investigated OPD visits, emergency room visits, the problem and solution of complications, readmissions and visits to other medical institution to measure health problems and expenditures during the follow up period. 5. Instrument to measure patients satisfaction The satisfaction measurement instrument by Reisseer(1975) was referred to for the development of a tool to measure patient home care satisfaction. The instrument was an open-ended questionnaire which consisted of 11 domains; treatment, nursing care, information, time consumption, accessibility, rapidity, treatment skill, service relevance, attitude, satisfaction factors, dissatisfaction factors, overall satisfaction about nursing care, and others. In conclusion, Five evaluation instruments were developed for home care nursing. These were (1)standard for discharge with HCN referral. (2)instrument for measurement of health status, (3)instrument for measurement of self-care. (4)record for follow-up management, and (5)instrument to measure patient satisfaction. Also, the five instruments can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the service to assure quality. Further research is needed to increase the reliability and validity of instrument through a community-based HCN evaluation.

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Diagnosis and Improvements Plan Study of CIPP Model-based Vocational Competency Development Training Teacher Qualification Training (Training Course) (CIPP 모형 기반 직업능력개발훈련교사 자격연수(양성과정) 진단 및 개선 방안 연구)

  • Bae, Gwang-Min;Woo, Hye-Jung;Choi, Myung-Ran;Yoon, Gwan-Sik
    • Journal of vocational education research
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.95-121
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    • 2017
  • The vocational competency development training teacher must complete the training course for the training of vocational competency development training instructor and get the qualification of the vocational competency development training teacher from the Ministry of Employment & Labor with the criteria set by the Presidential Decree. Therefore, it can be said that H_university 's educational performance, which is the only vocational competency development training teacher in Korea and that plays a role of mass production in the labor market, has a great influence on vocational competency development training. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems through the analysis of actual condition of vocational competency development training education based on CIPP model, Furthermore, it was aimed to suggest improvement plan of qualification training education. In order to accomplish the purpose of the research, the present situation of the training course for the vocational competency development training teacher training students was grasped. And We conducted a survey to draw out the improvement plan and utilized the results of 173 copies. We conducted interviews by selecting eight subjects for in-depth analysis and Understand the details of the results of the surveys conducted. As a result of the study, positive responses were obtained from the educational objectives and educational resources in the context factors. On the other hand, there were negative opinions about the curriculum reflecting the learner and social needs. In the input factors, positive opinions were derived from the educational objectives and training requirements. However, there were many negative opinions about the achievement of the learner's educational goals. In addition, there were many negative opinions of online contents education. In the process factors, positive evaluation was high in class related part, learner attendance management, and institutional support. However, negative opinions were drawn on the comprehensive evaluation of qualification training period, and the learner's burden due to lack of learning period appeared to be the main reason. In the factor of calculation, Positive opinions were derived from the applicability of the business curriculum for training courses for training teachers who are in charge of education and training in industry occupations. However, there were negative opinions such as learning time, concentration of learning, and communication of instructors. Based on the results of the study, suggestions for improving the operation of vocational competency training teacher qualification training are as follows. First, it is necessary to flexibly manage the training schedule for the weekly training course for vocational competency development training teachers. Second, it is necessary to seek to improve the online education curriculum centered on consumers. Third, it is necessary to seek access to qualification training for local residents. Fourth, pre - education support for qualified applicants is required. Finally, follow-up care of qualified trainees is necessary.