• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2008

유소년층을 타깃으로 하는 MMORPG 개발에는 유저들의 심리 생리학적인 특성을 고려해야한다. 끊임없는 선택의 결과물이라는 게임 플레이에 있어서 유소년 유저들은 즉흥적으로 선택하며 직관적으로 판단하는 특성을 보인다. 이와 같이 유저에 대한 이해를 반영하여 디자인된, 알파버전의 온라인게임을 유저로 하여금 시연하게 하고 FGI를 통하여 그 사용성을 평가하였다. 결론적으로 스토리텔링과 연계된 인터페이스는 게임에의 몰입을 유도하고, 게임화면의 레이아웃의 경우 조작의 직관성보다 정보의 중요도나 사용빈도에 따른 배치가 중요한 것으로 분석되어 졌다. 또한 유저가 이러한 인터페이스 요소들을 조작했을 때, 빠르고 명확하게 반응해야 한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1209-1214
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• 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking constitutes a major threat to the health and wellbeing of teenagers. While smoking has been on decline in the developed countries, the reverse is the case in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the age of initiation, determinants and prevalence of cigarette smoking among teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 475 teenagers selected by multistage sampling. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in November, 2014. Results: Response rate was 84.6%. Mean age of the respondents was $16.4{\pm}1.65years$. Range and mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking were 7 to 17 years and $12.0{\pm}3.32years$ respectively. Teenagers who were above 15 years (OR:5.13, 95%CI: 0.87-30.26), males (OR:5.19, 95%CI: 1.57-17.18), married (OR:8.41, 95%CI: 1.04-63.35), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:4.31, 95%CI: 1.07-17.33), influenced by friends(OR:308.84, 95%CI:84.87-1123.81), and influenced by advertisements (OR:27.83, 95%CI: 3.92-197.64) were more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking. Furthermore, teenagers who were males (OR:12.77, 95%CI: 2.90-56.28), married (OR:19.24, 95%CI: 2.05-180.45), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:7.85, 95%CI: 2.37-26.01), influenced by friends(OR:28.56, 95%CI: 10.86-75.07), and influenced by advertisements (OR:5.95, 95%CI: 1.72-20.61) were more likely to be current cigarette smokers. In addition, 24.9% had initiated cigarette smoking while 14.7% were current smokers of cigarette. Conclusions: Mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was $12.0{\pm}3.32years$. Determinants of cigarette smoking were age, gender, marital status, educational background, friends and advertisements. Life time prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher than prevalence of current cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking reduction programs should take these factors into consideration.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.967-969
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 청소년들의 사이버 범죄에 대한 정보통신윤리교육의 효과에 대해 살펴본다. 이를 위해 고등학생 97명을 대상으로 약 30분간 사이버 범죄 및 이에 관한 법률적 지식에 대해 정보통신윤리 교육을 실시한다. 그리고, 사전설문조사와 사후설문조사를 비교하여 법률적 지식을 중점으로 한 정보통신윤리 교육의 효과를 확인한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-68
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• 1986

It is necessary that children's actual activities in the playgrounds should be analyzed for the study on the children's playgrounds. The purpose of this study is to establish the design principles for the improvement of the children\`s playgrounds in apartment complex by means of the various methods ; behavior mapping, questionaires and photo simulations. For the purpose of data collection, children are divided into three groups-infants(0 to 4 years), young children(pre ; 5 to 8 years, post ; 9 to 11 years), teenagers(7.2 to 14 years). The study results are as follows; 1) Analysis of behavior mapping : (a) Approximately 70 percent of the children observed stayed in the playground less than 20 minutes. (b) Playing time for each play apparatus was less than 5 minutes. (c) As a result of the observation, the duration time in the attic was 1 hour or more (d) The swing was the most frequently used apparatus as children's first and last choice. (e) Most of the users were young children(46.5%). 2) Analysis of questionaires : (a) Children considered that the existing playgrounds were lack of shadows and the play apparatuses are not interesting. (b) They felt danger and crowding at the multi-used wooden apparatus. 3) Suggestions for the playground design : It is necessary that the playgrounds are divided into the infants, the young children's and the teenagers'playground. (a) The infants'playground needs about 50 square meters and needs to be located in the apartment court. (b) The young children's playground needs about 330 to 660 square meters and needs to be located adjacent to the pedestrian road. (c) The teenagers'playground needs about 660 to 1000 square meters, which is needed for various ball games.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2010

This research explored the importance of conflict resolution in communication between adolescents and their parents. A teaching and learning plan on communication using the Active listening, I-message method and no-lose conflict resolution method was developed and applied to teaching the 'Communication among Family Members' unit in the middle school home economics and technology textbook. The experimental class of 203 students using the active listening, I message and no-lose conflict resolution method in communication was compared with a comparative class of 163 students using only the active listening and I message method, investigating the amounts of communication, conflicts, functional communication and degree of satisfaction the students perceived regarding relationships with their parents via pre and post tests. Both groups showed significant increases in their amounts of communication and functional communication. However, only the experimental class showed an increase in their degree of relationship satisfaction with their parents. Both groups evaluated the lesson positively.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of depression and anxiety on treatment response of social skills training in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods : A total of 107 teenagers that participated in the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS$^{(R)}$) between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed using linear regression. Outcome measures used were the Korean version of Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), the Test of Adolescent Social Skills Knowledge-Revised (TASSK-R), and the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (K-ADOS). Depression and anxiety were assessed by the Korean version of Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Korean version of State and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Results : As a result, depressive symptoms measured by CDI (p<0.05) and anxiety symptoms measured by STAIC (p<0.05) had significant influence on score change of social interaction domain of ADOS. It remained significant even after the baseline score was adjusted as covariates (p<0.05). Conclusion : We observed that pre-treatment anxiety and depressive symptoms of teenagers had significant effects on the treatment outcome of PEERS$^{(R)}$, especially in terms of face-to-face social interaction.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2010

This paper aims to propose a cognitive evaluation model to be utilized in designing game devices and developing relevant software with the purpose of the prevention of dementia of the elderly among various types of serious games for the elderly intending to improve their physical, mental or social capability. Firstly, a serious game for the elderly has been developed based on the guidelines of the areas pertaining to existing hardware, software and contents. Secondly, a pre-experiment of the game targeting specialists has been conducted in order to re-establish a cognitive evaluation model for the developed result. Thirdly, the cognitive evaluation model for the serious game for the elderly that intends to improve their cognitive capacity has been materialized based on the experiment results. Given the fact that the scope of game contents, most of which used to be focused on teenagers, have been gradually expanding to cover wider range of social classes than ever before, it is expected that the results of this study could be utilized as a model that can verify the games and their contents with special purposes based on the cognitive evaluation of the users.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2000

Adopting the theory of enter-educate, this study was conducted to prevent the smoking by middle school students who had not started smoking yet. A famous pop music singer with high popularity among teenagers was cast on the public sponsored advertisement (PSA) on smoking prevention. This PSA was televised through major TV stations for two months. The effectiveness of this project was evaluated seven times. The effectiveness of the PSA, the role of the cast singer, the rate of seeing the PSA, and the impression about the PSA were evaluated. The viewer survey since the second period of the PSA revealed that most of the middle school students (79~94 percent) watched it. Among TV stations, MBC recorded the highest viewer rate as 69.6~72.0 percent of the middle school students watched the PSA at least once from this station. Also, the viewer rates of such cable TV stations as Mnet and OCN were quite high for their advertisement prices. The overall impression about the PSA was favorable. The contribution of the singer to this positive outcome was 60 percent and over. The effect of smoking prevention was also high as 93.7 percent of the middle school students replied that they would not start smoking. However, since this study dealt with the general public, it was not possible to control the effect of other factors systematically. Also, we could not measure the differences bewteen the pre-PSA and the post-PSA periods, so that the interpretation of the results has some limitation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2000

Objectives : In order to apply herbal medicine to aroma-therapy, we observed clinically remedical effect for allergic rhinitis of aroma-therapy using herbal medicine. Methods : Twenty-four allergic rhinitis patients were treated in the Kun-po Oriental Medical Hospital of Wonkwang University from September 2000 to October 2000. They were treated with aroma-therapy and analyzed clinically. Results : 1. 25.0% (6 cases) of all cases involved pre-teenagers; teenagers 29.2% (7 cases); patients in their 20s, 20.8% (5 cases); patients in their 30s, 12.5% (3 cases); patients in their 40s, 8.3% (2 cases); patients in their 50s, 4.2% (1 cases). 2. The ratio of male to female patients was 58.3%(14 cases) to 41.7%(10 cases). 3. Cases involving patients under the age of six months was 0%; under 1 year 12.5% (3 cases); under 2 years 33.3%(8 cases); under 3 years 16.7%(4 cases); over 3 years 37.5%(9 cases). 4. Past history : The cases of sinusitis were 33.3%(8 cases); otitis media 20.8%(5 cases), bronchitis 16.7%(4 cases), atopic dermatitis 12.5%(3 cases), asthma 8.3%(2 cases). 5. The ratio of allergic onset based on seasons were : spring 16.7%(4 cases), summer 0%, fall 29.2%(7 cases), winter 16.7%(4 cases), and not defined 37.5%(9 cases). 6. The cases of nasal obstruction was 91.7%(22 cases); followed by : sneezing 83.3(20 cases), white rhinorrhea 70.8%(17 cases), eye itching 66.7%(16 cases), nasal itching 58.3%(14 cases), rhinalgia 58.3%(14 cases), postnasal drip 50.0%(12 cases), headache 41.7%(10 cases), yellow rhinorrhea 33.3%(8 cases), cough 33.3%(8 cases), fatigue 29.2%(7 cases). 7. The cases of familial factor was 66.7%(16 cases); the non-familial factor 33.3%(8 cases). 8. The remedical effect of the treatment showed an improvement in 58.4% of the total cases studied. 9. The improvement-rate of the 1st group (mahwang group) was 66.7%; of the 2nd group (hwangkum group) 48.5%, and of the 3rd group (pine group) 55.8%. Conclusions : Considering the above results, we have concluded that the remedical effect for allergic rhinitis of aroma-therapy using herbal medicine showed to be intentional in comparison with aroma-therapy using aroma-oil.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2008

This study investigated attitudes and behaviors related to family meals among middle and high school students. Furthermore, it evaluated the dietary quality of family meals as compared to meals eaten alone. The data were collected between March and May, 2006, from 353 male and female students attending middle and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, using pre-tested self-administered questionnaires. The following results were obtained. In terms of family meal frequency, 44.0% of the middle school students ate with their family 'more than once per day', and 19.3% participated in family meals 1 or 2 times per day. However, only 16.4% of the high school students had family meals 'more than once per day', and 32.9% participated in family meals '1 or 2 times per a week', showing a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). Fifty-nine percent of the middle school students answered they ate with their family everyday or on week days, whereas 67.8% of the high school students had family meals only on holidays (p<0.001). The nutrient intakes of those participating in family meals were compared to the intakes of those who ate meals alone. For both males and females, calorie intake was higher for those who ate family meals. Animal protein intake was significantly different (p<0.001) between groups, with the results showing a two-fold higher intake for those eating family meals as compared to meals alone. In addition, the intake of animal fat was significantly higher in the family meal group (p<0.001); however, plant-based fat intake was higher in the meal alone group.