• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

Objective: This study was to assess the effects of different doses of an essential oil blend (EOB) on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological and blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphometry, morphology and microbiology, relative weight and length of organs, digestive content pH, and liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. Methods: A total of 135 barrows (7.09±0.29 kg body weight) were allotted randomly in a randomized complete block design based on body weight with nine replications and three animals per pen. Dietary treatments were a negative control (NC): basal diet; positive control (PC): NC plus 125 mg performance-enhancing antibiotic (enramycin 8%)/kg diet; NC plus 100 mg EOB/kg diet (EO100); NC plus 200 mg EOB/kg diet (EO200); and NC plus 400 mg EOB/kg diet (EO400). Diarrhea occurrence was monitored daily, and performance at the end of each phase. Results: Gain to feed ratio was greater (p<0.05) in starter II pigs fed EO400 and EO200 than in those fed EO100. Pigs fed EO400 had lower (p<0.05) DO than those fed NC and EO100 in the total period. Pre-starter II pigs fed NC had (p<0.05) lower serum total protein and plasma protein than pigs fed PC. Pigs fed EO100 showed smaller (p<0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than pigs fed EO400. Starter II pigs fed EO400 had (p<0.05) greater MCV and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes than those fed EO100. There was a greater concentration (p<0.05) of band cells for PC, similar to EO400 and EO200. Performance-enhancing antibiotic and EOB to diets increased (p<0.05) liver superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: Adding 200 and 400 mg EOB/kg diet decreased DO and was advantageous to hematological and blood biochemical profile and liver antioxidant status without being detrimental to growth performance and gastrointestinal health in nursery pigs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2019

Objectives : Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (NF) have been used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases in East-South Asia. However, it is largely undiscovered whether NF water extract could exhibit anti-inflammatory activities against tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced inflammatory responses on human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of NF water extract on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells. Methods : To investigate the anti-inflammatory activites of NF water extract in HaCaT cells, the inflammatory model of HaCaT cells was established under a suitable concentration (10 ng/ml) of human TNF-${\alpha}$ (hTNF-${\alpha}$). HaCaT keratinocyte cells were pre-treated with NF water extract for 1 h, and then stimulated with hTNF-${\alpha}$. Then, the cells were harvested to measure the inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and pro-inflammatory cytokine including TNF-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of NF, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa B alpha ($I{\kappa}-B{\alpha}$) Results : The treatment of NF inhibited the hTNF-${\alpha}$-induced elevation of iNOS, COX-2, and $PGE_2$ in HaCaT cells. In addition, NF treatment inhibited the hTNF-${\alpha}$-induced elevation of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6. Furthermore, NF treatment inhibited the activation of MAPKs but not degradation of $I{\kappa}-B{\alpha}$. Conclusions : Taken together, our result suggest that treatment of NF could inhibit the hTNF-${\alpha}$-induced inflammatory responses via deactivation of MAPKs in HaCaT cells. This study could suggest that NF could be a beneficial agent to prevent skin damage or inflammation.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2021

본 연구는 미역(Undaria pinnatifida) 추출물과 쇠미역(Costaria costata) 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 HepG2 세포의 알코올로 인한 산화 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 연구하였다. 미역과 쇠미역 추출물의 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 70% 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 높았다. 또한 미역과 쇠미역 70% 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH (IC₅₀ 0.33±0.21, 0.48±0.47 mg/ml), ABTS (IC₅₀ 0.34±0.30, 0.47±0.17 mg/ml) 라디칼 소거 활성이 열수 추출물 및 10% 에탄올 추출물 보다 높았다. 추출물의 간 보호 효과를 확인하기 위하여 HepG2 세포에 알코올 산화 스트레스를 유발하여 MTT 분석을 이용하여 세포 생존력을 측정하였다. 미역 및 쇠미역 열수 추출물은 알코올 처리군(73.95%) 대비 세포 생존율은 각각 89.91~97.63% 및 84.99~90.54%로 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 본 연구는 미역과 쇠미역 추출물이 간 보호 및 항산화 효과를 나타냄을 확인하였고 알코올 산화 손상에 대한 간 보호 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.654-670
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. Methods: The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. Results: Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63℃ for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×10² CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×10⁴ CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. Conclusion: The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Purpose: Oxidative stress was thought to play a critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Many in vivo and in vitro reports explained the possible pathway of human aging. But in therapeutic aspects, there was no clear answers to prevent aging associated with neural diseases. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the Insamyangyung-tang (IYT). Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of IYT in vitro. We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The $IC_{50}$ values were $571.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $202.3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in DPPH and ABTS assay respectively. Total polyphenolic content was 1.05%. In SH-SY5Y culture, IYT significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in post-treatment group, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in co-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in IYT treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the IYT group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of $0.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conclusion: These results showed that IYT has antioxidant and neuroprotectctive effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2009

Purpose: The depression accompanied with menopuase shows the relation with the dopamine secretion. These studies were undertaken to evaluate the anti- oxidative and neuroprotective effects of Bunsimgieum(BSGE) on dopaminergic neurons. Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of BSGE in vitro, We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The DPPH free radical and the ABTS radical cation inhibition activities were increased at a dose dependent manner. Total polyphenolic content was 0.83%. In SH-SY5Y culture, BSGE significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of 10${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, 0.1-200${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ in post-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in BSGE treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the BSGE group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of 5${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$. Conclusion: These results shows that BSGE has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell. We suggest that BSGE could be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal depression related with the decrease of dopamine.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2006

본 연구는 LLE(liquid-liquid extraction) 전처리 방법과 HPLC/UV를 이용하여 혈장에서 이트라코나졸을 정량 분석하는 방법을 연구하였다. 이트라코나졸과 내부표준물질(펠로디핀)을 디에틸에테르로 추출하고 C18 컬럼을 이용하여 분리한 후 UV 검출기를 통하여 254 nm에서 검출하였다. 이동상은 10 mM 아세트산 암모늄 완충액(pH 7) :아세토나이트릴(35:65, v/v) 혼합용액을 사용하였으며, 유속은 0.2 mL/min.으로 하였다. 정량범위는 2~1,000 ng/mL 이며, 상관관계($R^2$)는 0.9991로 좋은 직선성을 보였다. 정량한계는 2 ng/mL, 재현성은 변동계수가 10.8 이하, 정확도는 97.2~108.2% 였다. 이 분석방법은 혈장 중의 약물 정량 및 약물의 약동력학에 유용함을 보여주었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 PCBs 함유 고상폐기물의 효율적 관리를 위해 현행 폐기물 공정시험방법의 용출 시험방법을 고상폐기물 종류별 표면채취법, 부재시험방법, 세정시험방법 등의 함량시험방법과 비교검토하여 PCBs 함유 고상폐기물의 시험방법(안) 및 기준(안)을 마련하였다. 우리나라의 표면채취법에 의한 비함침성 고상폐기물의 규제기준은 미국 및 일본과 같은 수준으로 각 국의 액상폐기물인 절연유 기준과 표면채취법에 의한 처리기준의 수치적 관계를 이용하여 산출하는 것이 타당한 것으로 판단되어진다. 이에 PCBs 함유 고상폐기물 중 규소강판 등 표면채취가 가능한 평면형 비함침성 부재는 표면채취법으로 시료를 채취하여 함량분석법으로 분석하는 경우, 비함침성 고상폐기물의 규제기준(안)을 $0.4 {\mu}g/100cm^2$으로 설정하였다. 또한, 표면채취가 어려운 시료를 일정한 크기로 잘라 부재를 채취한 후 함량분석법으로 분석하는 경우에는 규제기준을 0.04 mg/kg을 제안하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6B호
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• pp.695-701
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• 2006

Toluene을 유일 탄소원으로 배양한 혼합미생물 군으로부터 순수미생물을 분리배양한 후, 염기서열을 분석하여 Pseudomonas sp. TDB4 균주를 얻었다. 이 균주의 VOC 분해능을 평가하기 위해 toluene, benzene, p-xylene, styrene을 대상기질로 하여 회분식 생분해실험을 진행하였으며, 단일 기질인 경우 toluene, benzene, styrene, p-xylene의 순으로 분해능이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 VOCs 혼합물을 주입하였을 경우에는 모든 조합조건에서 styrene, toluene, benzene, pxylene의 순서로 쉽게 분해하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 VOC가 공존할 경우 toluene과 p-xylene은 다른 VOC의 분해를 촉진시키지만 styrene은 저해물질로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 연속식 계면활성제 미생물 반응기(Bioactive Foam Reactor, BFR)에 혼합미생물 배양액과 TDB4 배양액을 접종하고 장기 운전하면서 운전특성과 미생물 동적변화를 확인하였다. VOCs 혼합물질 유입농도가 250 ppm 이상에서는 처리효율이 급격히 저하되었는데, FISH 분석 결과에 따르면 동일한 시점에서 TDB4가 차지하는 비율이 전체 미생물의 20% 미만으로 감소하여 BFR의 처리효율과 미생물상은 매우 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과 FISH 분석법을 계면활성제 미생물 반응기의 미생물 군집변화 해석에 유용하게 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 미생물 반응조를 장기간 운전할 때에는 안정적인 처리효율을 유지하기 위하여 주기적인 식종을 해주는 것이 적절하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.258-265
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• 2023

축산용 항생제는 투여된 양의 일부만이 체내에서 사용되며 나머지는 모화합물 형태나 대사체로서 분뇨를 통하여 배출된다. 이러한 분뇨는 자원화 시설로부터 퇴액비로 생산되어 농경지에 살포됨으로써 농업환경에 유입되어 2차 오염 등을 초래하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 가축분뇨 자원화 시설의 액비 생산단계별로 6종 축산용 항생제의 잔류 농도를 비교하고 액비 성분 질소 함량과의 상관성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. Buffer 및 SPE를 사용한 전처리 방법은 ppb 수준에서 63.4-106.7%의 회수율을 나타냈으며, 정량한계의 범위는 0.009-0.037 ㎍/L이었다. 공동자원화 시설 생산 액비의 생산단계별 잔류 항생제 농도와 규격함량 N 성분 함량과의 상관성 평가를 분석한 결과 액비화 과정 중 부숙 기간이 경과함에 따라 N 성분 및 항생제 잔류 농도가 감소하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 액비 원료, 중기 및 제품 중 SMZ의 평균 잔류 항생제는 40.85, 26.17, 3.54 ㎍/L이었으며 CTC의 경우 2.32에서 1.25 ㎍/L 수준으로 감소하였다. 다른 4종 항생제 역시 생산단계별로 잔류 농도가 감소하는 경향을 보여주었으며 액비 규격성분 N은 생산단계별 함량이 0.21에서 0.096%로 감소하였다. 액비 생산단계별 잔류 항생제 농도와 규격 성분 N 함량과의 상관성 평가는 항생제 저감화 지표 설정의 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.