• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Purpose : To evaluate the effects joint mobilization and McKenzie exercise on the cervical range of motion and tenderness through cervical range of motion(CROM), algometer. Methods : The subjects consisted of thirty five patients. Eighteen underwent McKenzie exercise, seventeen did Joint Mobilization. The joint mobilization group received joint mobilization exercise for about 15 minutes, and McKenzie exercise group received extension, side-flexion, flexion, elevation, exercise for 15 minutes respectively. The test period of each group took place three times a week during 6 weeks. All measurements for each the subject took the following treatment: pre-treatment, treatment in 2 weeks, treatment in 6 weeks, post-treatment in 2 weeks. Results : The flexion, extension and side-flexion CROM of both groups were statistically significant increase within treatment period(p<.05), and also a significant difference within pre-treatment and post-treatment in a 2 week period(p<.05), within treatment in 2 weeks and post-treatment in 2 weeks by checking the extent of effect in the treatment period(p<.05). The trapezius tenderness threshold of both groups were statistically significant increase within treatment period(p<.05), and also significant difference within pre-treatment and post-treatment, within treatment in 2 weeks and post-treatment by checking the extent of effect in the treatment period. Conclusion : Joint mobilization and Mckenzie exercise improved cervical range of motion and tenderness threshold.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 2017

Normally, in data transmission, extra parity bits are added to the input message which were derived from its input and a pre-defined algorithm. The same algorithm is used by the receiver to check the consistency of the delivered information, to determine if it is corrupted or not. It recovers and compares the received information, to provide matching and correcting the corrupted transmitted bits if there is any. This paper aims the following objectives: to use an alternative error detection-correction method, to lessens both the fixed number of the required redundancy bits 'r' in cyclic redundancy checking (CRC) because of the required polynomial generator and the overhead of interspersing the r in Hamming code. The experimental results were synthesized using Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA and showed a significant increase in both the transmission rate and detection of random errors. Moreover, this proposal can be a better option for detecting and correcting errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2011

This study is aimed to offer the elementary school teacher's experience and awareness about science field trip and science museum field trip, by analyzing the survey of 867 students and 81 teachers in Seoul. Research shows 67.9% high figure of elementary school teacher's experience on science field trip. That experience is include 61.8% of science museum using experience. In case of elementary school teacher's pre-activity is only 53.1% and most of them was visiting Website. Post-activity is more than preceding activity(74.1%) but method is too simple like checking work sheets. 62.3% of elementary school students have been to science field trip and science museum that is higher than teachers'. 66.5% of students said science field trip is influence on science study in good ways but there are some difficulties like lack of pre-activity(33.0%) and unkind information about science museum(21.9%). For activation of science field trip, resources development for effective science field trip operating, program development for pre- and post-activity, school group science field trip program development which is linked science curriculum, complement and expand activity information of science field trip institution.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1409-1416
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• 2012

An image segmentation result depends on pre-processing steps such as contrast enhancement, edge detection, and smooth filtering etc. Especially medical images are low contrast and contain some noises. Therefore, the contrast enhancement and noise removal techniques are required in the pre-processing. In this study, we present an extension by a novel histogram equalization in which both local and global contrast is enhanced using neighborhood metrics. When checking neighborhood information, filters can simultaneously improve image quality. Most important is that original image information can be used for both global brightness preserving and local contrast enhancement, and image quality improvement filtering. Our experiments confirmed that the proposed method is more effective than other similar techniques reported previously.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.495-521
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• 2011

In this paper, the self-evaluation, the peer-evaluation and the instructor evaluation on virtual mathematics lesson have been performed. The method of checking on the given evaluation item have been used. In result, a lot of difference was shown between self-evaluation, peer-evaluation and the instructor-evaluation toward virtual mathematics lesson. Pre-service teachers were shown as lacking awareness on instructional Virtual Mathematics Lesson' evaluation. Therefore it seems that we must have the opportunity to reflect on the teaching method through a great deal of experience on self-evaluation and peer-evaluation of virtual lessons.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2002

Several pre-processing techniques for earthquake data from earthquake monitoring institutes in Korea including Korea Electric Power Research Institute are thoroughly reviewed. Among these techniques for removing an instrumental response, removing the non-causal ringing distortion by FIR filter, checking calibration status of seismic stations, and minimizing the window effect are introduced and applied to real data. It is also recommended that analysts evaluate S/N ratio in the frequency domain and consider the possibility of using the saturated earthquake data.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-128
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• 2014

This paper presents the Global van Hiele (GVH) questionnaire as a tool for mapping knowledge and understanding of plane and solid geometry. The questionnaire facilitates identification of the respondents' mastery of the first three levels of thinking according to van Hiele theory with regard to key geometrical topics. Teacher-educators can apply this questionnaire for checking preliminary knowledge of mathematics teaching candidates or pre-service teachers. Moreover, it can be used when planning a course or granting exemption from studying in basic geometry courses. The questionnaire can also serve high school mathematics teachers who are interested in exposing their students to multiple-choice questions in geometry.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.518-523
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• 2006

As digital broadcasting process and information compressing technologies developed, digital technologies have been used extensively in many visual media such as movies and TV programs, and it is required to develop a new process for 3 dimensional digital programs. The study attempts to develop a new digital video-producing process through pre-simulation using a digital storytelling method, in order to increase the quality of broadcasting, reducing the producing time and improve efficiency. This system, supposed to be used to produce actual broadcasting, includes all tools needed for broadcasting in the program, so users can select an appropriate set among the pre-made library, which saves time for making sets. Also, it offers a storyboard making function by perfectly representing the functions of a virtual camera, and enables users to make the better storyboard, checking the real time movies. In addition, it recognizes objects though avatars, organizes the appropriate set for these avatars to act, and embodies a variety of avatar movements through which it reaffirms the camera's position and organization, minimizing errors and saving time and budget.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.466-474
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• 2016

Pre-reinforcement with umbrella arch grouting is conducted around a tunnel where a portion of the upper part of the tunnel is located in a sand and gravel layer. Surroundings of a first tunnel situated below groundwater table are reinforced with LW or SSM that is composed of ultra-fine cement and injected into multi-stages through large diameter steel pipes. With them, a first tunnel is safely excavated without both leaking of groundwater and fallings of sand and gravel from the arch. A second tunnel where groundwater is drained down to the bedrock is reinforced with jet grouting. The effect of the pre-grouting reinforcement is monitored by checking whether groundwater is dripping or sand or gravel is falling from the arch of the tunnels.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2021

This study investigates and analyzes the difference in Indonesian banks' earnings quality in the pre-audit and post-audit period. This study also investigates the difference in audit quality done by public accounting firms. This study employs time series data taken from the unaudited and audited financial statements of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2016. Sample selection is made by using a purposive sampling method. The population of this study is 43 banks, and after checking the data for validity and reliability, the final sample size was 26 banks. Audit quality is operationalized with the size of the auditor. Earnings quality is proxied by accruals calculated using the Beaver and Engel (1996) model. The data analysis method used in this study is the paired-sample t-test and chow test. This study shows that there is no difference in earnings quality in the pre-audit and post-audit period. This study also reveals no difference in audit quality between the big four and non-big four auditors. These findings mean that independent auditors do not play a useful role in increasing the reliability of accounting information presented by management to stakeholders. Besides, this study's results do not verify the agency theory regarding auditors' role to minimize opportunistic management behavior in preparing financial statements.