• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.445-450
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• 2003

This study was performed 10 develop the accelerated life test method using Weibull-IPL(Inverse Power Law) model for mechanical components. Weibull-IPL model is concerned with determining the assurance life with confidence level and the accelerated life test time From the relation of weibull distribution factors and confidence limit, the testing times on the no number of failure acceptance criteria arc determined. The mechanical components generally represent wear and fatigue characteristics as a failure mode. IPL based on the cumulative damage theory is applied effectively the mechanical components to reduce the testing time and to achieve the accelerating test conditions. As the actual application example, accelerated life test method of agricultural tractor transmission was described. Life distribution of agricultural tractor transmission was supposed to follow Weibull distribution and life test time was calculated under the conditions of average life (MTBF) 3,000 hours and 90% confidence level for one test sample. According to IPL, because test time call be shorten in case increase test load test time could be reduced by 482 hours when we put the load 1.1 times of rated load than 0.73 times of rated load that is equivalent load calculated by load spectrum of the agricultural tractor. This time, acceleration coefficient was 11.7.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.621-640
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• 2021

Effect of thickness stretching on mechanical behavior of functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) laminated nanoplates resting on elastic foundation is analyzed in this paper using a novel quasi 3D higher-order shear deformation theory. The key feature of this theoretical formulation is that, in addition to considering the thickness stretching effect, the number of unknowns of the displacement field is reduced to four, and which is more than five in the other models. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are the reinforced elements and are distributed with four power-law functions which are, uniform distribution, V-distribution, O-distribution and X-distribution. To cover various boundary conditions, an analytical solution is developed based on Galerkin method to solve the governing equilibrium equations by considering the nonlocal strain gradient theory. A modified two-dimensional variable Winkler elastic foundation is proposed in this study for the first time. A parametric study is executed to determine the influence of the reinforcement patterns, power-law index, nonlocal parameter, length scale parameter, thickness and aspect ratios, elastic foundation, thermal environments, and various boundary conditions on stresses, displacements, buckling loads and frequencies of the CNTRC laminated nanoplate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.603-615
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• 2019

In the present work, free vibration of beams made of imperfect functionally graded materials (FGMs) including porosities is investigated. Because of faults during process of manufacture, micro voids or porosities may arise in the FGMs, and this situation causes imperfection in the structure. Therefore, material properties of the beams are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness direction according to the volume fraction of constituents described with the modified rule of mixture including porosity volume fraction which covers two types of porosity distribution over the cross section, i.e., even and uneven distributions. The governing equations of power law FGM (P-FGM) and sigmoid law FGM (S-FGM) beams are derived within the frame works of classical beam theory (CBT) and first order shear deformation beam theory (FSDBT). The resulting equations are solved using separation of variables technique and assuming FG beams are simply supported at both ends. To validate the results numerous comparisons are carried out with available results of open literature. The effects of types of volume fraction function, beam theory and porosity volume fraction, as well as the variations of volume fraction index, span to depth ratio and porosity volume fraction, on the first three non-dimensional frequencies are examined in detail.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2010

최근 웹 블로그나 인터넷 게시판과 같은 가상 커뮤니티가 활발히 사용됨에 따라 댓글을 통해 자신의 의견을 적극적으로 나타내고자 하는 이용자들이 점점 증가하고 있는 추세다. 실제로 댓글 활동이 활발한 인터넷 토론 게시판에서 수천 개의 댓글이 달린 게시물도 어렵지 않게 찾아볼 수 있다. 대부분의 웹 블로그나 인터넷 게시판에서는 댓글이 작성된 시간에 따라 목록 형태로만 제공되고 있을 뿐 기본적인 검색 기능조차도 지원되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 토론 게시판의 댓글 분석을 통해 댓글 작성자의 분포가 거듭제곱 법칙을 따르는 것을 밝혔다. 그리고 이러한 댓글의 통계적 특성을 반영하는 스킵리스트 기반의 댓글 검색 구조를 제안한다. 제안 방법의 주안점 댓글 작성자들의 확률적 특성을 데이터 구조에 반영하는 것이다. 실험을 통해 제안 방법이 B-트리나 일반적인 스킵리스트의 이론적인 계산 복잡도인 logN에 비해 더 빠른 검색을 수행할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

Using network betweenness centrality we attempt to analyze the characteristics of Seoul metropolitan subway lines. Betweenness centrality highlights the importance of a node as a transfer point between any pairs of nodes. This 'transfer' characteristic is obviously of paramount importance in transit systems. For betweenness centrality, both traditional betweenness centrality measure and weighted betweenness centrality measure which uses monthly passenger flow amount between two stations are used. By comparing traditional and weighted betweenness centrality measures of lines characteristics of passenger flow can be identified. We also investigated factors which affect betweenness centrality. It is the number of passenger who get on or get off that significantly affects betweenness centrality measures. Through correlation analysis of the number of passenger and betweenness centrality, it is found out that Seoul metropolitan subway system is well designed in terms of regional distribution of population. Four measures are proposed which represent the passenger flow characteristics. It is shown they do not follow Power-law distribution, which means passenger flow is relatively evenly distributed among stations. It has been shown that the passenger flow characteristics of subway networks in other foreign cities such as Beijing, Boston and San Franciso do follow power-law distribution, that is, pretty much biased passenger flow traffic characteristics. In this study we have also tried to answer why passenger traffic flow of Seoul metropolitan subway network is more homogeneous compared to that of Beijing.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to suggest and recommend the more reliable flow direction methods within the framework of DEM and power law distribution, by investigating the existing methodologies. To this end SFD (single flow direction method), MFD (multiple flow direction method) and IFD (Infinite flow direction method) are applied to analyze the determination of a flow direction for the water particles as seen in the Jeonjeokbigyo basin, and then assessed with respect to the variation of flow accumulation in that region. As the main results revealed, the study showed the different patterns of flow accumulation are found out from each applications of flow direction methods utilized in this study. This brings us to understand that as the flow dispersion on DEM increases, in this case the contributing areas to the outlet grow in sequence of SFD, IFD, MFD, but it is noted that the contribution of individual pixels into outlet decreases at that time. In what follows, especially with the MFD and IFD, the result tends to make additional hydrologic abstraction from rainfall excess, as noted due to the flow dispersion within flow paths on DEM. Based on the parameter estimation for a power law distribution, which is frequently used for identify the aggregation structure of complex system, by maximum likelihood flow accumulation can be thought of as a scale invariance factor. In this regard, the combination of flow direction methods could give rise to the more realistic water flow on DEM, as revealed through the separate flow direction methods as utilized for dispersion and aggregation effects of water flow within the available different topographies.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2008

A theoretical model was developed to describe the flow behavior of a filled polymer in the packing stage of reaction injection molding and predict the residual stress distribution of thin injection-molded parts. The model predictions were compared with experiments performed for phenol-formaldehyde resin filled with wood dust and cured by urotropine. The packing stage of reaction injection molding process presents a typical example of complex non-isothermal flow combined with chemical reaction. It is shown that the time evolution of pressure distribution along the mold cavity that determines the residual stress in the final product can be described by a single 1D partial differential equation (PDE) if the rheological behavior of reacting liquid is simplistically described by the power-law approach with some approximations made for describing cure reaction and non-isothermality. In the formulation, the dimensionless time variable is defined in such a way that it includes all necessary information on the cure reaction history. Employing the routine separation of variables made possible to obtain the analytical solution for the nonlinear PDE under specific initial condition. It is shown that direct numerical solution of the PDE exactly coincides with the analytical solution. With the use of the power-law approximation that describes highly shear thinning behavior, the theoretical calculations significantly deviate from the experimental data. Bearing in mind that in the packing stage the flow is extremely slow, we employed in our theory the Newtonian law for flow of reacting liquid and described well enough the experimental data on evolution of pressure.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.517-536
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• 2020

The present study investigates axial vibration of a FG nanobeam using nonlocal elasticity theory under clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions. Power law, exponential law and sigmoid law are applied as grading laws to examine the effect of the material distribution on axial vibration of the FG nanobeam. A parametric study was done to examine the effect of length scale on the dynamic behavior of the structure and the results are presented. It was observed that consideration of the nonlocal length scale is essential when analyzing the free vibration of a FG nanobeam. The results of the present study can be used as benchmarks in future studies of FG nanostructures.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

Wind energy resources are recently considered as an important power generation alternative in the future. The fact that the investment of wind turbine installation continues to increase has motivated a need to develop more widely applicable methodologies for evaluating the actual benefits of adding wind turbines to conventional generating systems. This study is aiming to estimate the future wind resources with various estimation methods. The wind power is calculated at the hub height 75m of 800KW and 1,500KW wind turbines in Wolryong site, Jeju island, South Korea. Three equations - logarithmic, profile, and power law methods are applied for the accurate prediction of wind profile. In addition, yearly wind power can be calculated by using Weibull & Rayleigh distribution. It is found that predicted wind speed is highly affected by friction velocity, atmospheric stability, and averaged roughness length. It is concluded that Rayleigh distribution provides greater power generation than the Weibull distribution, especially for low wind-speed condition.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.565-574
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• 1998

Colebrook(1938)이 수집한 상용관에 대한 관측자료에 의하면 상용관의 마찰계수 분포는 관의 종류와 크기에 따라 그 변이가 상이함을 알 수 있다. 본고는 그의 자료를 재분석하여 관로설게에 적용이 용이한 지수함수 형태의마찰계수 산정식을 도출하였다. 일반적으로 단일관로 설계에서 요구되는 사항들은 어떤 관로 조건이 주어져 있을 때 펌프동력 또는 관내 통과유량이나 적정관경의 산정이다. 균일조도관인 경우는 이미 유동훈(1995b)에 의해서 설계 기준식이 제시되었고, 유동훈과 강찬수(1996)에 의해서 더욱 일반적인 경우에 대한 해석으로 진전되었다. 또한 상용관인 경우도 유동훈과 강찬수(1997)에 의해서 보다 용이한 해석법이 이루어졌지만 그 연구결과는 보다 정확한 해를 구한다는 장점이 있는 반면에 산정식의 형태가 다소 복잡한 단점을 내포하고 있다. 이에 본고는 상용관에 대하여 두가지 유형의 지수형 관마찰계수 산정식을 개발하고 이들을 적용하여 보다 간단하게 관로 설계시 요구되는 사항들을 산출할 수 있는 양해법 산정식을 개발하여 제시하였다.