• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1805-1811
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• 2007

A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the effect of reciprocal cross on the detection and characterization of parent-of-origin (POE) QTL in $F_2$ QTL populations. Data were simulated under two different mating designs. In the one-way cross design, six $F_0$ grand sires of one breed and 30 $F_0$ grand dams of another breed generated 10 $F_1$ offspring per dam. Sixteen $F_1$ sires and 64 $F_1$ dams were randomly chosen to produce a total of 640 $F_2$ offspring. In the reciprocal design, three $F_0$ grand sires of A breed and 15 $F_0$ grand dams of B breed were mated to generate 10 $F_1$ offspring per dam. Eight $F_1$ sires and 32 $F_1$ dams were randomly chosen to produce 10 $F_2$ offspring per $F_1$ dam, totaling 320 $F_2$ offspring. Another mating set comprised three $F_0$ grand sires of B breed and 15 $F_0$ grand dams of A breed to produce the same number of $F_1$ and $F_2$ offspring. A chromosome of 100 cM was simulated with large, medium or small QTL with fixed or different allele frequencies in parental breeds. A series of tests between Mendelian and POE models were applied to characterize QTL as Mendelian, paternal, maternal or partial expression QTL. The overall detection powers were similar between the two mating designs. However, the proportions of paternally expressed QTL that were declared as paternal QTL type were greater in the reciprocal cross design than in the one-way cross, and vice versa for Mendelian QTL. When QTL alleles were segregating in parental breeds, a significant proportion of Mendelian QTL were spuriously declared POE QTL, suggesting that care must be taken to characterize imprinting QTL in a QTL mapping population with a small number of $F_1$ parents.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.709-716
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• 2013

A fan filter unit (FFU) is a device which supplies clean air from the ceiling in a clean room. With an increase in its size, velocity variation occurs within the exhaust plane and this damage the product quality or productivity. Hence, a guide vane is installed inside the device to enhance the velocity uniformity. Because the vane reduces the flow rate for a given pumping power, an optimum design is required to achieve velocity uniformity while minimizing the flow rate reduction at the same time. To find a geometry that satisfies these requirements, a series of numerical simulations has been conducted while changing the angle and length of the guide vanes. By changing the geometry of the side guide vane, the velocity uniformity increased by 3.7% and the flow rate decreased by 1.5%. For the center guide vane, the velocity uniformity increased by 2.9% and the flow rate decreased by 0.7%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.785-796
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• 2019

Power transmission substations are susceptible to potential damage under seismic excitations. Two of the major seismic failure modes in substation supplies are: the breakage of brittle insulator, and conductor end fittings. This paper presents efficient isolation strategies for seismically strengthening of a two-item set of equipment including capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) adjacent to a Lightning Arrester (LA). Two different strategies are proposed, Case A: implementation of base isolation at the base of the CVT, while the LA is kept fixed-base, and Case B: implementation of base isolation at the base of the LA, while the CVT is kept fixed-base. Both CVT and LA are connected to each other using a cable during the dynamic excitation. The probabilistic seismic behavior is measured by Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), and a series of appropriate damage states are proposed. Finally, the fragility curves are derived for both the systems. It is found that Friction Pendulum System (FPS) isolator has the potential of decreasing flexural stresses caused by intense ground motions. The research has shown that when the FPS is placed under LA, i.e. Case B (as oppose to Case A), the efficiency of the system is improved in terms of reducing the forces and stresses at the bottom of the porcelain. Several parametric studies are also performed to determine the optimum physical properties of the FPS.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.132-138
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to compare the results between conventional and accelerated rehabilitation program following ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone. Conventional rehabilitation focused on protecting the new ligament by blocking terminal extension and avoiding active quadriceps function in the terminal degrees of extension. But there is current trend toward early postoperative mobilization and intensive. so called 'accelerated', rehabilitation stressing hyperextension of the knee. The results of intraarticular ACL reconstruction with conventional and accelerated rehabilitation were prospectively compared for one year postoperatively in a series of 27 patients. Range of motion and thigh circumference were checked preoperatively, and weekly up to 8 weeks, 3 months. 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Stress radiologic test, KT-1000 arthrometer. Cybex II dynamometer were checked in preoperatively, and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. There were no differences of objective stability and restoration of muscle power. But the accelerated group had a low incidence of extension loss. excellent range of motion, and less difference of thigh circumference. We concluded that accelerated rehabilitation program is recommendable due to superiority in terms of range of motion, especially less extension loss without increasing laxity of knee joint.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Biogenic surface films, which are often present in coastal areas, may enhance the signatures of hydrodynamic processes in microwave, optical, and infrared imagery. We analyzed ERS-1/2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) images taken over the Japan/East Sea (JES). We focused on the appearance of the contrast SAR signatures, particularly the dark features of different scales caused by various oceanic and atmospheric phenomena. Spiral eddies of different scales were detected through surface film patterns both near the coast and in the open regions of the JES in warm and cold seasons. During field experiments carried out at the Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI) Marine Station 'Cape Shults' in Peter the Great Bay, the sea surface roughness characteristics were measured during the day and night using a developed polarization spectrophotometer and various digital cameras and systems of floats. The velocity of natural and artificial slicks was estimated using video and ADCP time series of tracers deployed on the sea surface. The slopes of gravity-capillary wave power spectra varied between .4 and .5. Surface currents in the natural and artificial slicks increased with the distance from the coast, varying between 4 and 40 cm/s. The contrast of biogenic and anthropogenic slicks detected on vertical and horizontal polarization images against the background varied over a wide range. SAR images and ancillary satellite and field data were processed and analyzed using specialized GIS for marine coastal areas.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

A wind-driven current in the East Sea from Lagrangian measurements of wind and current at 15 m using MiniMet drifters was analyzed. Spectral analysis of the current from 217 pieces of a 10 day-long time series shows the dominant energy at the inertial frequency for the current at 15 m. Wind has energy peaks at a 0.2-0.5 cycles per day (cpd) frequency band. The power spectrum of the clockwise rotating component is predominant for the current and was 1.5-2 times larger than the anticlockwise rotating component for wind. Co-spectra between the wind and current show two peak frequency bands at subinertial frequency and 0.5-0.3 cpd. Coherences between the wind and current at those peak frequencies are significant with 95% confidence and phase differences were $90-100^{\circ}$. From the phase differences, the efolding depth is estimated as 17 m and this e-folding depth is smaller than the estimation by Chereskin's (1999) 25 m using a moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and an anemometer installed at the surface buoy. The angle between the wind-driven current (or ageostrophic current) and wind from this study was also much larger than the global estimate by Rio and Hernandez (2003) using reanalysis wind and drifters. The possible explanation for the discrepancy comes from the fact that the current is driven by a wind of smaller length scale than 250 km but the satellite or the reanalysis products do not resolve winds of length scale smaller than 250 km. Large rms differences between Mini-Met and QuickSCAT wind on spatial lags smaller than 175 km substantiate this explanation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2011

In this paper, H-polarized electromagnetic scattering problems by a resistive strip grating over a grounded dielectric plane according to the strip width and grating period, the relative permittivity and thickness of a dielectric layer, and incident angles of a TE (transverse electric) plane wave are analyzed by applying the FGMM (Fourier-Galerkin Moment Method). The tapered resistivity of resistive strips in this paper varies from finite resistivity at one edge to zero resistivity at the other edge, then the induced surface current density on the resistive strip is expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials of the order ${\alpha}=1$, ${\beta}=0$ as a kind of orthogonal polynomials. The numerical results of the normalized reflected power show in good agreement with those of existing papers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.123-138
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• 2002

This study as one of a series of systematic studies about dancing costumes will compare the costumes of the 16th. 17th century with their normal style of dress. In brief. this study wants people to know about 16th, 17th century court dancing costumes and to understand the culture in the 16th.17th century. From the comparison between the court's dancing costume and the people's clothes, we could get the conclusion as follows. First, pourpoint. chemis, gown, chausses, etc. that people wore were used for the court's dancing costume. While people Pursued the beauty with the ample silhouette. there were used wrinkles. slits. and tailored oblique line-clothes that gave vitality. Second, silk. linen. brocade. etc. that were used for people's chemises were used for the dancing costume. The good quality and beautiful colors of the dancing costume. however. excelled than of the brilliant court's clothes and the people's clothes. Third. the hair style of dancers were very colorful. For example, there were many kinds of hats and furs, corals, etc. that were attached to them on the most of the long curly hair. In summary, for the court's dancing costume, the same type of clothes was used like the people's clothes. There, however, were differences. The slits, tailored oblique line-clothes and shortened skirt gave the activity. There were many decorations symbolizing the nobles' wealth and Power. Especially the use of the decoration of hair and other stake properties was an effective means for expression. The use of personified masks also contributed to the development of the court dance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1193-1200
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• 2001

There are many regulation test methods to be related with engine emissions such as CVS-75, D-13, ECE-15 modes and so on. Most of these modes are consisted of lots of transient conditions that have rapid acceleration, deceleration and cranking modes. In this experimental research, the engine characteristics of cranking, accelerating and power output in a S.I. engine were studied to compare with neat gasoline and alternative fuels of M30 (methanol 30%, aromatic series 32%, non-aromatic 38%) and M50 (methanol 50%, aromatic 30%, non-aromatic 20%) for performance and exhaust emissions. The results show that reformulated methanol fuels are better emissions reduction of 15.7% over than that of neat gasoline fuel especially in HC and CO emissions at cranking mode. And the accelerating performances coincide with the results of distillation curve. CO concentration for M50 fuel is varied in a just little for the condition of slow acceleration. At wide-open throttle condition, brake specific energy consumption of reformulated fuels is increased and thermal efficiency is some what lower than that of gasoline fuel.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2018

Continuous efforts are being made to improve the efficiency of Si solar cells, which is the prevailing technology at this time. As opposed to the standard front-lit solar cell design, the back-lit design suffers no shading loss because all the metal electrodes are placed on one side close to the pn junction, which is referred to as the front side, and the incoming light enters the denuded back side. In this study, a systematic comparison between the two designs was conducted by means of computer simulation. Medici, a two-dimensional semiconductor device simulation tool, was utilized for this purpose. The $0.6{\mu}m$ wavelength, the peak value for the AM-1.5 illumination, was chosen for the incident photons, and the minority-carrier recombination lifetime (${\tau}$), a key indicator of the Si substrate quality, was the main variable in the simulation on a p-type $150{\mu}m$ thick Si substrate. Qualitatively, minority-carrier recombination affected the short circuit current (Isc) but not the opencircuit voltage (Voc). The latter was most affected by series resistance associated with the electrode locations. Quantitatively, when ${\tau}{\leq}500{\mu}s$, the simulation yielded the solar cell power outputs of $20.7mW{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ and $18.6mW{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, respectively, for the front-lit and back-lit cells, a reasonable 10 % difference. However, when ${\tau}$ < $500{\mu}s$, the difference was 20 % or more, making the back-lit design less than competitive. We concluded that the back-lit design, despite its inherent benefits, is not suitable for a broad range of Si solar cells but may only be applicable in the high-end cells where float-zone (FZ) or magnetic Czochralski (MCZ) Si crystals of the highest quality are used as the substrate.