• Title/Summary/Keyword: Power management System

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Brief Review on Exposure Characteristics, Monitoring Instruments and Threshold Limit Values for Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) (직업성 극저주파 자기장 노출평가와 노출 기준에 대한 쟁점 고찰)

  • Dong-Uk, Park;Seunghee, Lee;Kyung Ehi, Zoh
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.381-392
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: Objective of this study is to review briefly exposure characteristics, monitoring instruments and threshold limit values for extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) methods. This study was undertaken through brief literature review. We performed a literature search in PubMed to identify ELF-MF studies conducted in workplaces. Initial search keywords such as 'extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF)' and 'electromagnetic fields (EMF)' combined or singly. We limited our review to occupational rather than general nonworkplace environmental exposures. Methods: The contents we reviewed: key industry and occupations generating ELF-MF, several direct-reading instruments monitoring ELF-MF and threshold limit values (TLV) preventing health effects may be caused by the exposure to ELF-MF. Results: The industries related to the generation and supply of electricity, electrolytic installations, welding, and induction heating and more were regarded as high ELF-MF exposure industries. All jobs handling or employed performed in power cable lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment are found to be exposed to ELF-MF. Threshold or ceiling limit, 1,000 µT, is established to prevent acute effects of exposure to low-frequency EMFs on the nervous system: the direct stimulation of nerve and muscle tissues and the induction of retinal phosphenes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ELF-MF as possibly carcinogenic to humans chiefly based on epidemiological studies on childhood leukemia. However, a causal relationship between magnetic fields and several types of cancer including childhood leukemia has not been established nor has any other long-term effects. Risk management using precautionary measures, has been initiated by the US and EU to prevent chronic health effects related to ELF-MF exposure in workplaces. Conclusion: This study recommends the implementation of various measures such as theestablishment of occupational exposure limit values for ELF-MF and precautionary principle to prevent potential chronic occupational health effects may be caused by ELF-MF in Korea.

The Effect of Rice Co-Brand Assets, Trust, and Attachment on Loyalty (쌀 공동브랜드의 자산, 신뢰, 애착이 충성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Shine
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.401-410
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    • 2022
  • This study deals with the relationship among trust, attachment and brand loyalty of agricultural products' rice co-brands, which are the staple food of the people. The research method established the hypothesis of the study under the foundation of prior research and developed the survey. The subjects of the study were distributed, retrieved, and analyzed the survey of 163 rice farmers in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. The empirical analysis results show that: First, hypothesis 1 of the brand awareness and image that "rice brand assets will be a positive relationship to trust" were statistically adopted. In particular, statistical t values showed a difference in consumer confidence over recognition>images. Second, hypothesis 2 of the trust of agricultural rice brands will be a positive influence on attachment and loyalty' statistically supported. In this regard, brand trust was higher in loyalty than attachment. Third, the attachment of agricultural products to rice brands will be a positive influence on loyalty,' was statistically supported. The strategic implications of this study are as follows. First, consumers should be given clues of trust(ex, GAP of Natioanl Approval Licesing, Fam Tour) as they distrust the perceived quality of the rice in the market. Second, the effect of the origin of rice is questionable, so the spread of the production power system should prevent the mixing of rice varieties, that is the spread of the production history systems.

NIRS Analysis of Liquid and Dry Ewe Milk

  • Nunez-Sanchez, Nieves;Varo, Garrido;Serradilla-Manrique, Juan M.;Ares-Cea, Jose L.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.1251-1251
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    • 2001
  • The routine analysis of milk chemical components is of major importance both for the management of animals in dairy farms and for quality control in dairy industries. NIRS technology is an analytical technique which greatly simplifies this routine. One of the most critical aspects in NIRS analysis of milk is sample preparation and analysis modes which should be fast and straightforward. An important difficulty when obtaining NIR spectra of milk is the high water content (80 to 90%) of this product, since water absorbs most of the infrared radiation, and, therefore, limits the accuracy of calibrating for other constituents. To avoid this problem, the DESIR system was set up. Other ways of radiation-sample interaction adapted for liquids or semi-liquids exist, which are practically instantaneous and with limited or null necessity of sample preparation: Transmission and Folded Transmission or Transflectance. The objective of the present work is to compare the precision and accuracy of milk calibration equations in two analysis modes: Reflectance (dry milk) and Folded Transmission (liquid milk). A FOSS-NIR Systems 6500 I spectrophotometer (400-2500 nm) provided with a spinning module was used. Two NIR spectroscopic methods for milk analysis were compared: a) folded transmission: liquid milk samples in a 0.1 pathlength sample cell (ref. IH-0345) and b) reflectance: dried milk samples in glass fibre filters placed in a standard ring cell. A set of 101 milk samples was used to develop the calibration equations, for the two NIR analysis modes, to predict casein, protein, fat and dry matter contents, and 48 milk samples to predict Somatic Cell Count (SCC). The calibrations obtained for protein, fat and dry matter have an excellent quantitative prediction power, since they present $r^2$ values higher than 0.9. The $r^2$ values are slightly lower for casein and SCC (0.88 and 0.89 respectively), but they still are sufficiently high. The accuracy of casein, protein and SCC equations is not affected by the analysis modes, since their ETVC values are very similar in reflectance and folded transmission (0.19% vs 0.21%; 0.16% vs 0.19% and 55.57% vs 53.11% respectively), Lower SECV values were obtained for the prediction of fat and dry matter with the folded transmission equations (0.14% and 0.25% respectively) compared to the results with the reflectance ones (0.43% and 0.34% respectively). In terms of accuracy and speed of analytical response, NIRS analysis of liquid milk is recommended (folded transmission), since the drying procedure takes 24 hours. However, both analysis modes offer satisfactory results.

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A Spatial Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings Using Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques Comparative Analysis (통계분석 기법과 머신러닝 기법의 비교분석을 통한 건물의 지진취약도 공간분석)

  • Seong H. Kim;Sang-Bin Kim;Dae-Hyeon Kim
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2023
  • While the frequency of seismic occurrence has been increasing recently, the domestic seismic response system is weak, the objective of this research is to compare and analyze the seismic vulnerability of buildings using statistical analysis and machine learning techniques. As the result of using statistical technique, the prediction accuracy of the developed model through the optimal scaling method showed about 87%. As the result of using machine learning technique, because the accuracy of Random Forest method is 94% in case of Train Set, 76.7% in case of Test Set, which is the highest accuracy among the 4 analyzed methods, Random Forest method was finally chosen. Therefore, Random Forest method was derived as the final machine learning technique. Accordingly, the statistical analysis technique showed higher accuracy of about 87%, whereas the machine learning technique showed the accuracy of about 76.7%. As the final result, among the 22,296 analyzed building data, the seismic vulnerabilities of 1,627(0.1%) buildings are expected as more dangerous when the statistical analysis technique is used, 10,146(49%) buildings showed the same rate, and the remaining 10,523(50%) buildings are expected as more dangerous when the machine learning technique is used. As the comparison of the results of using advanced machine learning techniques in addition to the existing statistical analysis techniques, in spatial analysis decisions, it is hoped that this research results help to prepare more reliable seismic countermeasures.

A Study of e-RTGC Introduction Effects in the Container Terminal : Based on D Container Terminal Case Study (컨테이너터미널에서 e-RTGC의 도입효과에 관한 연구: D터미널 사례를 중심으로)

  • Choi, Hyung-Rim;Lee, Seung-Hon;Park, Yong-Sung;Kang, Moo-Hong;Kim, Hee-Yoon;Choi, Ki-Nam;Joo, Yi-Don;Ha, Jeong-Su
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2009
  • All over the world more and more attention is being paid to green management which enables environment-friendly sustainable development. To keep up with these global trends and in response to the government's "low carbon green growth" policy, many efforts are being made in the port and logistics in order to drastically reduce carbon emissions and save operating expenses. To this end, the engine power source of the cranes in the container terminal is being replaced with electricity from fossil fuel. Among those cranes, especially e-RTGC has been proved to be practical and excellent in its performance through many previous studies. However, no empirical study has yet been made on its introduction effects when e-RTGC has been introduced to the container terminal. In the meantime, however, many domestic container terminals have introduced e-RTGC, and so some data have been accumulated for further research. Under these circumstances, this study has tried to make an empirical study through the case study of D container terminal, checking the restriction factors to be considered at the time of eURTGC introduction, and analyzing its introduction effects and problems. We have high expectations that this study will provide key consideration factors and empirical analysis data to the decision makers who plan to introduce an e-RTGC system, and also will be used as a reference to the development direction of e-RTGC.

A Study on the Korean Patent Registration Trend of Outdoor Exercise Equipment for the Elderly (노인 관련 야외운동기구의 국내 특허 등록 동향에 관한 연구)

  • Dong-Cheol Chi;Hong-Young Jang
    • Journal of Industrial Convergence
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2023
  • This study analyzed the patent status of the outdoor exercise equipment used primarily by the elderly. The purpose is to utilize the basic data obtained to promote the health of the elderly. The information on the patent was collected from KIPRIS, an information search service provided by the Korean Intellectual Property Office. The search term used was 'outdoor exercise equipment', directly related patents were selected, and a final 157 were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, first, patent registration began in 2007, and 2-3 patents were registered on average every year. Second, patents from the perspective of sports convergence that provide an exercise prescription system using wireless communication, such as the ability to generate electricity by operating a power generation module, providing information on the user's exercise amount, or preventing the loss and theft of weights and safety accidents due to their characteristics, were searched for. Lastly, patents related to exercise equipment that can provide user convenience and increase the frequency of use of exercise equipment were searched. The results of this study confirmed that outdoor exercise equipment is being developed more for the elderly and their convenience, and that companies and public institutions are showing increased interest in outdoor exercise equipment for the elderly. In addition to patent trends analysis, follow-up research in connection with exercise programs using outdoor exercise equipment is needed to develop practical and convenient outdoor exercise equipment in the future.

A Study on Factor Influencing the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly(NQ-E) of Elderly Living Alone (노인 1인 가구의 노인영양지수(NQ-E)에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kawon;Hur, Junsoo
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.741-762
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly(NQ-E) of the elderly living in the community and to investigate the characteristics of living conditions affecting the nutritional status of the elderly. The subjects of the survey were 1,970 elderly single elderly households aged 65 and over in the nationwide through convenience sampling method. A survey cooperative system was established with Comprehensive Support Center for Elderly Living Alone, and the 25 social welfare institutions. 385 Life Managers for Elderly Living Alone participated as a survey agent. As a result, NQ-E was 51.14 points, which is the lowest level in the NQ-E, and the explanatory power was 20.1% in multiple regression analysis. Significant variables were age, sex, subjective health status, low number of medication, non-smoker, non-alcoholic, satisfactory economic status, academic status, and the interaction with family and neighbors. Based on this result, this study explains that comprehensive measures of nutritional management for the elderly living alone needs to be sought.

In-Situ Gamma Spectrometry Research Analysis and Radiation Efficiency Sensitivity Evaluation (감마핵종 In-Situ 측정 연구 동향 분석 및 방사능 측정 효율 민감도 평가)

  • Hyun Jun Na;Hyeok Jae Kim;Seong Yeon Lee;Min Woo Kwak;Kwang Pyo Kim
    • Journal of Radiation Industry
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2023
  • Since a large amount of radioactive waste is expected to be generated due to permanent shutdown of many nuclear power plants, it is necessary to prepare efficient management methods for radioactive waste. Therefore, there is a need for a based study to apply the In-Situ gamma spectrometry, which can simplify the measurement procedure. The purpose of this study is to analyze research cases of In-Situ gamma spectrometry and to analyze the sensitivity of measurement according to influencing factors on In-Situ gamma spectrometry. Research cases of five institutions, including the CERN and the Imperial College Reactor Centre (ICRC), were selected as the institutions to be investigated. Research on the In-Situ gamma spectrometry was conducted on the satisfaction of the acceptance criteria for radioactive waste and the analysis of residual radioactivity in the site. In-Situ Objective Counting System (ISOCS) was used as a major measuring device. Sampling and computer code were used to verify the analysis results. For evaluation of measuring sensitivity according to influencing factors on In-Situ gamma spectrometry, the thickness of the measurement target, the distance between the detector and the target, the angle of the collimator, and the contamination location were performed using ISOCS's Geometry Composer. In every case, based on 122 keV, the efficiency decreased as the energy increased in the high energy region, and the efficiency decreased as the energy decreased in the low energy region. As the target thickness increased, the efficiency decreased, and as the distance between target and detector increased, the efficiency decreased. As the distance between contamination and detector increased, the efficiency decreased, and as the angle of the collimator increased, the measurement efficiency increased. However, when simulating the measurement situation using Geometry Composer, the background is not considered, and the probability of incident in the background increases as the angle increases, so further research needs to be conducted in consideration of these. This study can be utilized when applying the In-Situ gamma spectrometry of radioactive waste clearance in the future.

Developmental Plans and Research on Private Security in Korea (한국 민간경비 실태 및 발전방안)

  • Kim, Tea-Hwan;Park, Ok-Cheol
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.9
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    • pp.69-98
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    • 2005
  • The security industry for civilians (Private Security), was first introduced to Korea via the US army's security system in the early 1960's. Shortly after then, official police laws were enforced in 1973, and private security finally started to develop with the passing of the 'service security industry' law in 1976. Korea's Private Security industry grew rapidly in the 1980's with the support of foreign funds and products, and now there are thought to be approximately 2000 private security enterprises currently running in Korea. However, nowadays the majority of these enterprises are experiencing difficulties such as lack of funds, insufficient management, and lack of control over employees, as a result, it seems difficult for some enterprises to avoid the low production output and bankruptcy. As a result of this these enterprises often settle these matters illegally, such as excessive dumping or avoiding problems by hiring inappropriate employees who don't have the right skills or qualifications for the jobs. The main problem with the establishment of this kind of security service is that it is so easy to make inroads into this private service market. All these hindering factors inhibit the market growth and impede qualitative development. Based on these main reasons, I researched this area, and will analyze and criticize the present condition of Korea's private security. I will present a possible development plan for the private security of Korea by referring to cases from the US and Japan. My method of researching was to investigate any related documentary records and articles and to interview people for necessary evidence. The theoretical study, involves investigation books and dissertations which are published from inside and outside of the country, and studying the complete collection of laws and regulations, internet data, various study reports, and the documentary records and the statistical data of many institutions such as the National Police Office, judicial training institute, and the enterprises of private security. Also, in addition, the contents of professionals who are in charge of practical affairs on the spot in order to overcomes the critical points of documentary records when investigating dissertation. I tried to get a firm grasp of the problems and difficulties which people in these work enterprises experience, this I thought would be most effective by interviewing the workers, for example: how they feel in the work places and what are the elements which inpede development? And I also interviewed policemen who are in charge of supervising the private escort enterprises, in an effort to figure out the problems and differences in opinion between domestic private security service and the police. From this investigation and research I will try to pin point the major problems of the private security and present a developmental plan. Firstly-Companies should unify the private police law and private security service law. Secondly-It is essential to introduce the 'specialty certificate' system for the quality improvement of private security service. Thirdly-must open up a new private security market by improving old system. Fourth-must build up the competitive power of the security service enterprises which is based on an efficient management. Fifth-needs special marketing strategy to hold customers Sixth-needs positive research based on theoretical studies. Seventh-needs the consistent and even training according to effective market demand. Eighth-Must maintain interrelationship with the police department. Ninth-must reinforce the system of Korean private security service association. Tenth-must establish private security laboratory. Based on these suggestions there should be improvement of private security service.

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A Study on the Critical Success Factors of Social Commerce through the Analysis of the Perception Gap between the Service Providers and the Users: Focused on Ticket Monster in Korea (서비스제공자와 사용자의 인식차이 분석을 통한 소셜커머스 핵심성공요인에 대한 연구: 한국의 티켓몬스터 중심으로)

  • Kim, Il Jung;Lee, Dae Chul;Lim, Gyoo Gun
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.211-232
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    • 2014
  • Recently, there is a growing interest toward social commerce using SNS(Social Networking Service), and the size of its market is also expanding due to popularization of smart phones, tablet PCs and other smart devices. Accordingly, various studies have been attempted but it is shown that most of the previous studies have been conducted from perspectives of the users. The purpose of this study is to derive user-centered CSF(Critical Success Factor) of social commerce from the previous studies and analyze the CSF perception gap between social commerce service providers and users. The CSF perception gap between two groups shows that there is a difference between ideal images the service providers hope for and the actual image the service users have on social commerce companies. This study provides effective improvement directions for social commerce companies by presenting current business problems and its solution plans. For this, This study selected Korea's representative social commerce business Ticket Monster, which is dominant in sales and staff size together with its excellent funding power through M&A by stock exchange with the US social commerce business Living Social with Amazon.com as a shareholder in August, 2011, as a target group of social commerce service provider. we have gathered questionnaires from both service providers and the users from October 22, 2012 until October 31, 2012 to conduct an empirical analysis. We surveyed 160 service providers of Ticket Monster We also surveyed 160 social commerce users who have experienced in using Ticket Monster service. Out of 320 surveys, 20 questionaries which were unfit or undependable were discarded. Consequently the remaining 300(service provider 150, user 150)were used for this empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Implications of the empirical analysis result of this study are as follows: First of all, There are order differences in the importance of social commerce CSF between two groups. While service providers regard Price Economic as the most important CSF influencing purchasing intention, the users regard 'Trust' as the most important CSF influencing purchasing intention. This means that the service providers have to utilize the unique strong point of social commerce which make the customers be trusted rathe than just focusing on selling product at a discounted price. It means that service Providers need to enhance effective communication skills by using SNS and play a vital role as a trusted adviser who provides curation services and explains the value of products through information filtering. Also, they need to pay attention to preventing consumer damages from deceptive and false advertising. service providers have to create the detailed reward system in case of a consumer damages caused by above problems. It can make strong ties with customers. Second, both service providers and users tend to consider that social commerce CSF influencing purchasing intention are Price Economic, Utility, Trust, and Word of Mouth Effect. Accordingly, it can be learned that users are expecting the benefit from the aspect of prices and economy when using social commerce, and service providers should be able to suggest the individualized discount benefit through diverse methods using social network service. Looking into it from the aspect of usefulness, service providers are required to get users to be cognizant of time-saving, efficiency, and convenience when they are using social commerce. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the usefulness of social commerce through the introduction of a new management strategy, such as intensification of search engine of the Website, facilitation in payment through shopping basket, and package distribution. Trust, as mentioned before, is the most important variable in consumers' mind, so it should definitely be managed for sustainable management. If the trust in social commerce should fall due to consumers' damage case due to false and puffery advertising forgeries, it could have a negative influence on the image of the social commerce industry in general. Instead of advertising with famous celebrities and using a bombastic amount of money on marketing expenses, the social commerce industry should be able to use the word of mouth effect between users by making use of the social network service, the major marketing method of initial social commerce. The word of mouth effect occurring from consumers' spontaneous self-marketer's duty performance can bring not only reduction effect in advertising cost to a service provider but it can also prepare the basis of discounted price suggestion to consumers; in this context, the word of mouth effect should be managed as the CSF of social commerce. Third, Trade safety was not derived as one of the CSF. Recently, with e-commerce like social commerce and Internet shopping increasing in a variety of methods, the importance of trade safety on the Internet also increases, but in this study result, trade safety wasn't evaluated as CSF of social commerce by both groups. This study judges that it's because both service provider groups and user group are perceiving that there is a reliable PG(Payment Gateway) which acts for e-payment of Internet transaction. Accordingly, it is understood that both two groups feel that social commerce can have a corporate identity by website and differentiation in products and services in sales, but don't feel a big difference by business in case of e-payment system. In other words, trade safety should be perceived as natural, basic universal service. Fourth, it's necessary that service providers should intensify the communication with users by making use of social network service which is the major marketing method of social commerce and should be able to use the word of mouth effect between users. The word of mouth effect occurring from consumers' spontaneous self- marketer's duty performance can bring not only reduction effect in advertising cost to a service provider but it can also prepare the basis of discounted price suggestion to consumers. in this context, it is judged that the word of mouth effect should be managed as CSF of social commerce. In this paper, the characteristics of social commerce are limited as five independent variables, however, if an additional study is proceeded with more various independent variables, more in-depth study results will be derived. In addition, this research targets social commerce service providers and the users, however, in the consideration of the fact that social commerce is a two-sided market, drawing CSF through an analysis of perception gap between social commerce service providers and its advertisement clients would be worth to be dealt with in a follow-up study.