• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.85-112
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the cooperative relations among researchers and their network structures based on the academic papers published in the field of lifelong vocational education and training from 2000 to 2015. Authors in three representative journals, 'Journal of Lifelong Education', 'Journal of Vocational Education Research', and 'Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training,' during the periods, were selected and co-authorship network analysis was applied using NetMiner 4.0 in order to find the social relation among researchers and their academic influences. The results showed that the research productivity in the field of lifelong vocational education and training forms a shape of the power function where there exist components called, 'detailed research groups.' This network structure represents characteristics of a small world. In addition, the centrality analysis suggest authors with high centrality serve as co-authors who play as a central role on the network and exchange information with other researchers, while those with high betweenness centrality serve as a channel where they transfer knowledge and information among research groups. Increasing member of co-authorship has positively contributed to the opportunity and development of cooperative research among researchers in the field of lifelong vocational education and training. However it is recommended co-authorship be formed more heterogeneously instead of a few researches centrally dominate co-authorship. Various researchers should continually conduct research for good research performances.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.7-28
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• 2016

This study examines the sociocultural background of negritude by delving into Caseríos, Reggaeton, and $Trigue{\tilde{n}}os$, which are interrelated with the racism deeply embedded in Puerto Rican society. These terms have also been discussed in relation to the ideological discourse of racial democracy, which has caused Puerto Rican people to be blind to silenced inequality and hegemonic racial policies. Caseríos, housing projects for the poor urban class, are targeted by the state - sponsored project 'Mano Dura'. Due to the policing, control and surveillance of this anticrime project, Caseríos became perceived even more as residential communities of violence, poverty, and insecurity generally connected to the stigmatization of blackness. Reggaeton emerged as a mega hit genre of transnational Puerto Rican music in the 2000s, which in turn, drew attention to both the afrodiaspora in New York and the urban musical power in the Island. This musical genre serves to highlight the meaningfulness of black heritage in the national cultural identity of Puerto Rico. $Trigue{\tilde{n}}idad$ has recently become a common racial cultural term that embraces a broader racial paradigm of mestizaje. This term can function as an alternative concept of blackness, but it has not yet been transformed into enough cultural politics to resist ongoing racial democracy. The three terms intrinsically address both the uprooted racism and potential methods of challenging it. This paper argues the necessity of stronger and more responsive cultural politics to defy the pervasiveness and invisibility of racial discrimination in Puerto Rico.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.232-241
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• 2019

This study examines one of the conventional and controversial issues in modern finance. Specifically, this study identifies financial determinants of corporate R&D intensity for firms belonging to Korean Chaebols. Empirical estimation procedures are applied to derive more robust results of each hypothesis test. Static panel data, Tobit regression and stepwise regression models are employed to obtain significant financial factors of R&D expenditures, while logit, probit and complementary log-log regression models are used to detect financial differences between Chaebol firms and their counterparts not classified as Chaebols. Study results found the level of R&D intensity in the prior fiscal year, market-value based leverage ratio and firm size empirically showed their significance to account for corporate R&D intensity in the first hypothesis test, whereas the majority of explanatory variables had important power on a relative basis. Assuming that the current circumstances in the domestic capital market may necessitate gradual changes of Korean Chaebols in terms of their socio-economic function, the results of this study are expected to contribute to identifying financial antecedents that can be beneficial to attain optimal level of corporate R&D expenditures for Chaebol firms on a virtuous cycle.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2019

Wetlands that provide diverse ecosystem services, such as habitat provision and hydrological control of flora and fauna, constitute ecosystems through interaction between wetlands existing in a wetlandscape. Therefore, to evaluate the wetland functions such as resilience, it is necessary to analyze the ecological connectivity that is formed between wetlands which also show hydrologically dynamic behaviors. In this study, by defining wetlands as ecological nodes, we generated ecological networks through the connection of wetlands according to the dispersal model of wetland species. The characteristics of these networks were then analyzed using various network metrics. In the case of the dispersal based on a threshold distance, while a high local clustering is observed compared to the exponential dispersal kernel and heavy-tailed dispersal model, it showed a low efficiency in the movement between wetlands. On the other hand, in the case of the stochastic dispersion model, a low local clustering with high efficiency in the movement was observed. Our results confirmed that the ecological network characteristics are completely different depending on which dispersal model is chosen, and one should be careful on selecting the appropriate model for identifying network properties which highly affect the interpretation of network structure and function.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.22-37
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• 2012

Storage facility of the pre-historic Korea is classified into the subterranean, ground and overground types. The rectangular-shaped subterranean Storage facilities have been identified in the Pungnaptoseong, the Gong mountain fortress site and the Gwanbukri site. Feature no. 196 at Gyeongdang District in Pungnaptoseong yielded a large quantity of glazed potteries, and a wooden storage at the Gwanbukri site contained a large amount of fruit seeds. These storage facilities might be functioned as the warehouse for the highest group rather than the storage for the emergency such as war and flooding and stipend of government officials. This article subdivided into "state storage" on the concept of the former that "royal storage" on the concept of the latter. If it look on the state storage at large, this include the royal storage too. But it subdivided to help article understand because Baekjae changed from state storage to royal storage by change and specialization of system after 4th. The reason why the diversification of storage pits was closely related to the unification of local polities and the concentration of political power in the state-level. Therefore, it might reflect the political circumstances the ruling elites attempted to heighten their authority in terms of the organizing tax collecting system. And divided the time of storage is confirmed separative storage pits in the suburbs of capital city. There is hight probability of top local polities or nation that have possessional a role. This is to cover on frequent war in the Three States. On the other hand, state storage is located around ancent road that linked castle gate that is divided into center and periphery depending on function and position of storage. Center is located royal storage focusing in the presumed royal palace that periphery is located state storage to provide service to the public. It is presumed that located with the government office.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.467-478
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• 2019

This paper describes the development and measurement results of a wide-band planar active phase array antenna system for an electronic warfare jamming transmitter. The system is designed as an $8{\times}8$ triangular lattice array using a $45^{\circ}$ slant wide-band antenna. The 64-element transmission channel is composed of a wide-band gallium nitride(GaN) solid state power amplifier and a gallium arsenide(GaAs) multi-function core chip(MFC). Each GaAs MFC includes a true-time delay circuit to avoid a wide-band beam squint, a digital attenuator, and a GaAs drive amplifier to electronically steer the transmitted beam over a ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ azimuth angle and ${\pm}25^{\circ}$ elevation angle scan. Measurement of the transmitted beam pattern is conducted using a near-field measurement facility. The EIRP of the designed system, which is 9.8 dB more than the target EIRP performance(P), and the ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ azimuth and ${\pm}25^{\circ}$ elevation beam steering fulfill the desired specifications.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.51
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• pp.235-278
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• 2017

Then, why was the system so thorough and strict? How could that be possible? I approached this question by explaining the task of the Joseon Dynasty for the construction of a Confucian community based on Sunglihak. Sunglihak meant the metaphysics of human nature and universe order, or the rule of heaven. The people who opened the Joseon Dynasty aimed at constructing a Confucian community based on propriety as the principle of the society. The records and archives played an administrative function, for example, controlling royal power, as well as the role of constructing a national community identity based on Sunglihak. This kind of records and records management practices of the Joseon Dynasty can be seen as conceptual construction and conceptual constructs, although they were physical entities in reality. They reflected the Sunglihak value system as, in the words of Michel Focault, an "episteme" and played a social role based on it. In particular, I explained it in light of the constructivism of Sunglihak and the semiosis concept of Charles Sanders Peirce.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

Thermoelectric thin film modules were fabricated by electroplating p-type $Sb_2Te_3$and n-type $Bi_2Te_3$ thin film legs with the same thickness of $20{\mu}m$ and different diameters of $100{\mu}m$, $300{\mu}m$, and $500{\mu}m$, respectively. The output voltage and output power of thin film modules were measured and compared as a function of the leg diameter. The modules processed with thin film legs of $100{\mu}m$, $300{\mu}m$, and $500{\mu}m$-diameter exhibited open circuit voltages of 365 mV at ${\Delta}T=36.7K$, 142 mV at ${\Delta}T=37.5K$, and 53 mV at ${\Delta}T=36.1K$, respectively. Maximum output powers of $845{\mu}W$ at ${\Delta}T=36.7K$, $631{\mu}W$ at ${\Delta}T=37.5K$, and $276{\mu}W$ at ${\Delta}T=36.1K$ were obtained for the modules fabricated with the thin film legs of $100{\mu}m$, $300{\mu}m$, and $500{\mu}m$-diameter, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-74
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• 2021

3D reconstruction means that reconstructing the 3D shape of the object in an image and a video. We proposed a progressive occupancy network architecture that can recover not only the overall shape of the object but also the local details. Unlike the original occupancy network, which uses a feature vector embedding information of the whole image, we extract and utilize the different levels of image features depending on the receptive field size. We also propose a novel network architecture that applies the image features sequentially to the decoder blocks in the decoder and improves the quality of the reconstructed 3D shape progressively. In addition, we design a novel decoder block structure that combines the different levels of image features properly and uses them for updating the input point feature. We trained our progressive occupancy network with ShapeNet. We compare its representation power with two prior methods, including prior occupancy network(ONet) and the recent work(DISN) that used different levels of image features like ours. From the perspective of evaluation metrics, our network shows better performance than ONet for all the metrics, and it achieved a little better or a compatible score with DISN. For visualization results, we found that our method successfully reconstructs the local details that ONet misses. Also, compare with DISN that fails to reconstruct the thin parts or occluded parts of the object, our progressive occupancy network successfully catches the parts. These results validate the usefulness of the proposed network architecture.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.511-519
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• 2021

Slewing bearing is applied to the transmission of rotational power of the body and turret in a special vehicle for anti-aircraft weapons that overcomes the enemy flight system approaching at low altitudes with rapid response fire. When the turret load and impact load generated when shooting are combined in performing the combat mission of a special vehicle, structural stability must be secured to achieve a successful function. Among the components of the slewing bearing, the stability of the components against the complex loads acting by the turret drive and shooting was evaluated by considering the shape and material characteristics of the ring-gear, roller, and wire-race. As a research method for stability evaluation, based on engineering theory, the strength characteristics of the components were examined by numerical calculations. Finite element analysis was performed on components using the ANSYS analysis program. The results of theoretical analysis and the results of finite element analysis were very similar. A structural stability evaluation for the slewing bearing, which was performed mainly on the analysis, confirmed that the design strength of the slewing bearing determined in the preliminary design in the early stage of localization development was sufficient.