• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.172-195
• /
• 2015

Multiple nationwide opinion surveys, carried out by the government (cabinet office), major media (national newspapers and NHK), the National Institute for Environmental Studies, and the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, have revealed that the Fukushima nuclear accident has heightened people's perception of disaster risks, fear of nuclear accidents, and increased recognition of pollution issues, and has changed public opinion on nuclear energy policy. The opinion gap on nuclear energy policy between specialists and lay people has widened since the disaster. The results of the Japanese General Social Survey data show that objections to the promotion of nuclear energy are strong among females, and weaker among young males and the supporters of the LDP. These findings are similar to the data collected after the Chernobyl accident. People who live in a 70km radius of nuclear plants tend to evaluate nuclear disaster risks higher. Distance from nuclear plants and the perception of earthquake risk interactively correlate with opinions on nuclear issues. Among people whose evaluation of earthquake risk is low, those who live nearer to the plants are more likely to object to the abolishment of nuclear plants. It was also found that the nuclear disaster has changed people's behavior; they now try to save electricity. The level of commitment to energy saving is found to relate to opinions on nuclear issues.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.413-416
• /
• 2008

A synthesis route to ordered mesoporous carbons with controllable nitrogen content has been developed for high-performance EDLC electrodes. Nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (denoted as NMC) were prepared by carbonizing a mixture of two different carbon sources within the mesoporous silica designated by KIT-6. Furfuryl alcohol was used as a primary carbon precursor, and melamine as a nitrogen dopant. This synthesis procedure gave cubic Ia3d mesoporous carbons containing nitrogen as much as 13%. The carbon exhibited a narrow pore size distribution centered at 3-4 nm with large pore volume (0.6-1 cm3 g-1) and high specific BET surface area (700-1000 m2 g-1). Electrochemical behaviors of the NMC samples with various N-contents were investigated by a two-electrode measurement system at aqueous solutions. At low current density, the NMC exhibited markedly increasing capacitance due to the increase in the nitrogen content. This result could be attributed to the enhanced surface affinity between carbon electrode and electrolyte ions due to the hydrophilic nitrogen functional groups. At high current density conditions, the NMC samples exhibited decreasing specific capacitance against the increase in the nitrogen content. The loss of the capacitance with the N-content may be explained by high electric resistance which causes a significant IR drop at high current densities. The present results indicate that the optimal nitrogen content is required for achieving high power and high energy density simultaneously.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2020

Following the advanced fuel cycle initiative (AFCI) promotions in the United States, the analytic proposition for global fuel cycle initiative (GFCI) has been investigated using dynamical simulations. The political and economic aspects are considered simultaneously due to the particular characteristics of the nuclear materials. The spent nuclear fuels (SNFs) are treated as the reprocessing by the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT) exemption nations and the NPT excluded nations. Otherwise, the pyroprocessing and repository can be done without NPT restriction. In addition, the international trade is considered as the economic aspect where the energy production is a key issue of the GFCI. The dynamical simulations have been done until 2050. The result of the International Trade shows the gradually increasing shape. Additionally, the Nuclear Power Plant Operation shows the increasing by stepwise shape.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.993-1001
• /
• 2024

The TANDEM project is a European initiative funded under the EURATOM program. The project started on September 2022 and has a duration of 36 months. TANDEM stands for Small Modular ReacTor for a European sAfe aNd Decarbonized Energy Mix. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) can be hybridized with other energy sources, storage systems and energy conversion applications to provide electricity, heat and hydrogen. Hybrid energy systems have the potential to strongly contribute to the energy decarbonization targeting carbon-neutrality in Europe by 2050. However, the integration of nuclear reactors, particularly SMRs, in hybrid energy systems, is a new R&D topic to be investigated. In this context, the TANDEM project aims to develop assessments and tools to facilitate the safe and efficient integration of SMRs into low-carbon hybrid energy systems. An open-source "TANDEM" model library of hybrid system components will be developed in Modelica language which, by coupling, will extend the capabilities of existing tools implemented in the project. The project proposes to specifically address the safety issues of SMRs related to their integration into hybrid energy systems, involving specific interactions between SMRs and the rest of the hybrid systems; new initiating events may have to be considered in the safety approach. TANDEM will study two hybrid systems covering the main trends of the European energy policy and market evolution at 2035's horizon: a district heating network and power supply in a large urban area, and an energy hub serving energy conversion systems, including hydrogen production; the energy hub is inspired from a harbor-like infrastructure. TANDEM will provide assessments on SMR safety, hybrid system operationality and techno-economics. Societal considerations will also be encased by analyzing European citizen engagement in SMR technology safety.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.179-191
• /
• 2016

As the demand for renewable energy has increased following the worldwide agreement to act against global climate change and disaster, large-scale floating offshore wind systems have become a more viable solution. However, the cost of the whole system is still too high for practical realization. To make the cost of a floating wind system be more economical, a new concept of tension leg platform (TLP) type ocean floating wind system has been developed. To verify the performance of a 5-MW TLP type ocean floating wind power system designed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, the FAST simulation developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory is used. Further, 1/50 scale model tests have been carried out in the ocean engineering tank of the Research Institute of Medium and Small Shipbuilding, Korea. This paper compares the simulation and ocean engineering tank test results on motion prediction and tension assessment of the TLP anchor.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.12
• /
• pp.4367-4381
• /
• 2023

Nuclear power plants are increasingly being equipped with digital I&C systems. Although some probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) models for the digital I&C of nuclear power plants have been constructed, there is currently no specific internationally agreed guidance for their modeling. This paper presents an initiative by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency called "Digital I&C PSA - Comparative application of DIGital I&C Modelling Approaches for PSA (DIGMAP)", which aimed to advance the field towards practical and defendable modeling principles. The task, carried out in 2017-2021, used a simplified description of a plant focusing on the digital I&C systems important to safety, for which the participating organizations independently developed their own PSA models. Through comparison of the PSA models, sensitivity analyses as well as observations throughout the whole activity, both qualitative and quantitative lessons were learned. These include insights on failure behavior of digital I&C systems, experience from models with different levels of abstraction, benefits from benchmarking as well as major contributors to the core damage frequency and those with minor effect. The study also highlighted the challenges with modeling of large common cause component groups and the difficulties associated with estimation of key software and common cause failure parameters.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.1253-1260
• /
• 2022

This paper reports the control method for the core power of the China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) facility. In the CiADS facility, an intense external neutron source provided by a proton accelerator coupled to a spallation target is used to drive a sub-critical reactor. Without any control rod inside the sub-critical reactor, the core power is controlled by adjusting the proton beam intensity. In order to continuously change the beam intensity, an adjustable aperture is considered to be used at the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line of the accelerator. The aperture size is adjusted based on the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers, by comparing either the setting beam intensity or the setting core power with the measured value. To evaluate the proposed control method, a CiADS core model is built based on the point reactor kinetics model with six delayed neutron groups. The simulations based on the CiADS core model have indicated that the core power can be controlled stably by adjusting the aperture size. The response time in the adjustment of the core power depends mainly on the adjustment time of the beam intensity.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.83-108
• /
• 2011

South America has vast energy resources with the renewable and non-renewable sources. However, many countries in the region are unable to guarantee adequate energy security both of energy supply and demand. Currently the possibility of energy security is high through regional energy integration based on the potential economic benefits. The difference of regulation system with the individual countries in the region impose strong barriers to integration process. Security of energy supply and its demand as well is fundamental issues in this region and regional energy cooperation is essential for getting rid of the insecurity of energy supplies. Despite of this problem, currently Latin American countries made a great effort to make multilateral energy security regime through projecting great energy infrastructure network(e.g. IIRSA) or mechanism especially in South America, which can give countries access to the region's reserve supplies by providing regulations and pricing mechanism with a shared energy market in this region. Brazil's active leading in the formulation of such movement toward energy security integration and participation of energy infrastructure network is good initiative to enforce this great energy security change. Politically and economically, Brazil's geographical position and the level of market size and oil and natural gas resources, in addition the leadership in renewable energy sources make it a sound candidate to take over the coordination of the secure integration of region's energy market. However, on the conditions of existing many obstacles such as, control of the output of the region's power plant, energy flows, the environmental matter within local community must be overcome to make more advance process and steps. Finally, to secure more institutional approach, this region must settle regional disputes resolution regime urgently.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2010

Korea plans to be the world's first country to transform its electricity network into "smart grids," which use information and operational technologies to help to facilitate the reduction of carbon emissions, make more efficient use of existing infrastructure/resources through meeting customer demand/less generation, and support renewable resources with real time monitoring and controls. In this situation, universities do the needful on priority to nurture smart grid engineers who will be responsible for state-of-the-art technologies as today's electric grid transitions to a digital network. This paper thus attempts to permanently turn out high-quality human resources in electrical engineering by fleshing out strategies for training smart electric grid engineers, based on lessons from a national undertaking of nurturing qualified power IT engineers starting on February 1 of 2007.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.43 no.2 s.344
• /
• pp.60-75
• /
• 2006

The MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework initiative aims to support a wide range of networks and devices in the delivery and consumption of multimedia resources. One of the primary goals of MPEG-21 is universal multimedia access (UMA) through Digital Item Adaptation (DIA), which supports multimedia streaming to heterogeneous devices ensurung the same readability and seamlessness. We pioneer power saving of luminal devices with MPEG-21 DIA, so that the MPEG-21 DIA can also be used to support power saving, even though the framework is not primarily designed for power reduction and only limited power awareness is defined by DIA. We introduce several power-saving techniques conforming to MPEG-21 DIA specifications and show the dependency relation among introduced techniques. We achieve energy savings of up to $66\%$ in hand-held multimedia devices with minor QoS (quality of service) degradation.