• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2686-2708
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• 2020

This paper investigates the energy efficiency of energy harvesting (EH) bidirectional cooperative sensor networks, in which the considered system model enables the uplink information transmission from the sensor (SN) to access point (AP) and the energy supply for the amplify-and-forward (AF) relay and SN using power-splitting (PS) or time-switching (TS) protocol. Considering the minimum EH activation constraint and quality of service (QoS) requirement, energy efficiency is maximized by jointly optimizing the resource division ratio and transmission power. To cope with the non-convexity of the optimizations, we propose the low complexity iterative algorithm based on fractional programming and alternative search method (FAS). The key idea of the proposed algorithm first transforms the objective function into the parameterized polynomial subtractive form. Then we decompose the optimization into two convex sub-problems, which can be solved by conventional convex programming. Simulation results validate that the proposed schemes have better output performance and the iterative algorithm has a fast convergence rate.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.152-167
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• 2016

This paper investigates the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for two-hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) decode-and-forward (DF) relay network, where a relay harvests energy from radio frequency signals transmitted by a source and then uses the harvested energy to assist information transmission from the source to its destination. The power splitting receiver is considered at the relay. To explore the performance limit of such a SWIPT-enabled system, a resource allocation (RA) optimization problem is formulated to maximize the achievable information rate of the system, where the power allocation, the subcarrier pairing and the power splitting factor are jointly optimized. As the problem is non-convex and there is no known solution method, we first decompose it into two separate subproblems and then design an efficient RA algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can achieve the maximum achievable rate of the system and also show that to achieve a better system performance, the relay node should be deployed near the source in the SWIPT-enabled two-hop OFDM DF relay system, which is very different from that in conventional non-SWIPT system where the relay should be deployed at the midpoint of the line between the source and the destination.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2022

본 논문은 부하에 서로 다른 복소 임피던스로 종단되면서 출력 분배 비율이 다른 비대칭 전력 분배기를 구현하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 출력의 종단된 복소 임피던스를 전송선로만을 이용하여 특정 임피던스 또는 특정 복소임피던스 값으로 정합하는 방법을 사용하여 설계하였으며, 또한 종단 복소 임피던스 포트 사이의 고립도를 만족하기 위한 고립회로를 설정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이러한 방법의 타당성을 증명하기 위해서, 입력포트는 50 Ω이고 서로 다른 출력 복소 임피던스를 갖으면서 분배 비율이 k² = 3 dB 와 1.7 dB 인 경우와 모든 포트가 서로 다른 복소 임피던스로 종단되어 있으면서 분배 비율이 k² = 3 dB를 갖는 비대칭 전력분배기를 중심주파수 2 GHz에서 설계하였으며, 전기적 특성의 실험 결과는 시뮬레이션과 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2004

원자력 발전의 고온 가스로(high temperature gas-cooled reactor, HTGR)의 냉각제로 사용되는 He가스의 열에너지를 이용하여 물을 분해해서 수소를 생산하는 "열화학적 수소제조 IS프로세스"에 대해 설명하였다. 특히, 분리막 기술의 이용에 관한 연구를 중점으로 정리하였다. 고온 원자력 열에너지를 이용한 열화학적 수소 제조법은 실현 가능한 단계까지 왔다고 생각되며, 아직 연구 개발 과제가 많이 남아 있지만, 미래의 청정에너지 중의 하나인 수소를 대량 생산할 수 있는 가능성을 갖고 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2020

Synthesizing nanostructured thin films of oxide semiconductors is a promising approach to fabricate highly efficient photoelectrodes for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, we investigate the feasibility as an efficient photoanode for PEC water oxidation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured thin films synthesized via a simple method combined with sputtering Zn metallic films on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate and subsequent thermal oxidation of the sputtered Zn metallic films in dry air. Characterization of the structural, optical, and PEC properties of the ZnO nanostructured thin film synthesized at varying Zn sputtering powers reveals that we can obtain an optimum ZnO nanostructured thin film as PEC photoanode at a sputtering power of 40 W. The photocurrent density and optimal photocurrent conversion efficiency for the optimum ZnO nanostructured thin film photoanode are found to be 0.1 mA/㎠ and 0.51 %, respectively, at a potential of 0.72 V vs. RHE. Our results illustrate that the ZnO nanostructured thin film has promising potential as an efficient photoanode for PEC water splitting.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 2017

자기 공진 기반의 무선전력전송 시스템에서, 송수신 공진기가 가까워짐에 따라 전력비 효율이 급격히 감소하는 주파수 스플리팅 현상은 근거리에서 안정적인 전력 전송을 위하여 반드시 해결해야 하는 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 등가회로 모델을 이용하여 무선전력전송 시스템을 모델링하고, 전력비 효율 및 주파수 스플리팅이 발생하는 한계 커플링 계수($k_{split}$)를 도출하였다. 또한, Advanced Design System을 이용하여 회로 수준의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 k>$k_{split}$ 의 환경에서 송수신 공진기의 구조에 따라 달성 가능한 전력비 효율이 다름을 보였다. 동일한 구조의 공진기의 경우 k가 커지더라도 높은 수준의 전력비 효율을 유지하는 반면, 상이한 구조의 공진기의 경우 k가 커짐에 따라 전력비 효율도 감소함을 확인했다. 그러므로 k>$k_{split}$를 만족하는 근거리 환경에서 안정적인 전력비 효율을 달성하기 위해서는 상이한 구조의 공진기보다는 동일한 구조의 공진기를 사용하는 것이 더 효율적이다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

이 논문에서는 백스케터 통신에서 악의적인 간섭이 존재할 때, 게임이론을 적용하여 간섭으로부터 회피하고 통신의 성능 최적화를 통한 성능 분석에 관한 내용을 다룬다. 백스케터 통신을 원신호원을 반사하여, 백스케터 신호를 전송하기 때문에 악의적인 간섭에 취약하게 된다. 이를 해결하기 위해 리더-펄로워 관계인 스텔켈베르그 게임이론을 적용하며, 라그랑지안 승수 방법을 통해 최적화를 수행한다. 또한, 네쉬 게임이론과 스텔켈베르그 두 가지 게임이론을 백스케터 통신에 적용하고 적용된 게임이론에 따른 백스케터 통신의 간섭 회피 성능을 비교 분석을 수행한다. 본 논문의 시뮬레이션을 통해 스텔켈베르그 게임이론이 악의적인 간섭 회피에서 더 나은 성능을 보임을 증명하고, 백스케터의 통신 최적의 성능과 스텔켈베르그 게임 균형을 확인한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2015

In this paper, a novel filtering power divider with external isolation resistors is presented. The proposed power divider can be considered as an integration of a bandpass filter and a Gysel power divider. Based on the circuit topology, a high-order filtering power divider can be easily realized. Odd- and even-mode models are employed to analyze the filtering and power splitting functions. For demonstration, a third-order filtering power divider operating at 1.5 GHz is designed and implemented. The measured results exhibit an isolation between the output ports that is better than 20 dB at around the center frequency.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

In this paper, the bifurcation criteria for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems is suggested considering the inductive power pad losses. The bifurcation criteria for series-series (SS) and series-parallel (SP) topologies are derived in terms of the main parameters of the IPT system. For deriving precise criteria, power pad resistance is obtained by copper loss calculation and core loss analysis. Utilizing the suggested criteria, possibility of bifurcation occurrence can be predicted in the design process. In order to verify the proposed criteria, 50 W IPT laboratory prototype is fabricated and the feasibilities of the switching frequency and AC load resistance shift to escape from bifurcation are identified.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.481-495
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• 2015

Many hydropower stations in southwest China are located in regions of brittle rock mass with high geo-stresses. Under these conditions deep fractured zones often occur in the sidewalls of the underground caverns of a power station. The theory and methods of fracture and damage mechanics are therefore adopted to study the phenomena. First a flexibility matrix is developed to describe initial geometric imperfections of a jointed rock mass. This model takes into account the area and orientation of the fractured surfaces of multiple joint sets, as well as spacing and density of joints. Using the assumption of the equivalent strain principle, a damage constitutive model is established based on the brittle fracture criterion. In addition the theory of fracture mechanics is applied to analyze the occurrence of secondary cracks during a cavern excavation. The failure criterion, for rock bridge coalescence and the damage evolution equation, has been derived and a new sub-program integrated into the FLAC-3D software. The model has then been applied to the stability analysis of an underground cavern group of a hydropower station in Sichuan province, China. The results of this method are compared with those obtained by using a conventional elasto-plastic model and splitting depth calculated by the splitting failure criterion proposed in a previous study. The results are also compared with the depth of the relaxation and fracture zone in the surrounding rock measured by field monitoring. The distribution of the splitting zone obtained both by the proposed model and by the field monitoring measurements are consistent to the validity of the theory developed herein.