• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.250-286
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• 2015

The main purpose of this article is to provide an understanding on current maritime issues in the Northeast Asia, and thereby help formulating the right strategy for our national security. The article summarizes core arguments in the recently published 『The 21^st Century Maritime Strategies in the Northeast Asia: Dilemma between Competition and Cooperation』. It will help readers to comprehend historical backgrounds as well as recent updates related to maritime issues and strategies in the region. Also, readers may find guidance to conceive their own maritime strategies for the Republic of Korea. Currently, the U.S. is shifting its focus from Atlantic to Pacific, and increasing its naval presence in Asia-Pacific region. Meanwhile, the 21^st century China views the maritime interests as the top priority in its national security and prosperity. PLA Navy's offensive maritime strategies and naval building such as aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines are unprecedented. Japan is another naval power in the region. During the Cold War JMSDF faithfully fulfilled the mission of deterring Soviet navy, and now it is doing its job against China. Lastly, Putin has been emphasizing to build the strong Russia since 2000, and putting further efforts to reinforce current naval capabilities of Pacific Fleet. The keyword in the naval and maritime relations among these powers can be summarized with "competition and cooperation." The recent security developments in the South China Sea(SCS) clearly represent each state's strategic motivations and movements. China shows clear and strong intention to nationalize the islands in SCS by building artificial facilities - possibly military purpose. Obviously, the U.S. strongly opposes China by insisting the freedom of navigation(FON) in international waters as recent USS-Lassen's FON operation indicate. The conflict between China and the U.S. surrounding the SCS seems to be heading towards climax as Russia and Japan are searching for their own national interests within the conflict. Also, the neighboring small and middle powers are calculating their own economic and security interests. This is no exception for us in establishing timely strategies to maximize our own national security. Hopefully, this article leads the readers to the right direction.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-84
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• 1981

Korean private colleges under the period of Japanese control was the kernel for the educational resistance, one of the save-the-nation movements because of inculcating in Koreans the spirit of independence and self-respect under that period. Posung College Library building, erected in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the Foundation, especially, was the result of Koreans systematizing ability and iron will of independence for the future generations. In this paper, an attempt to study the Korean private college libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. The main institutions in this study are Posung College library, Chosen Christian College library (Yunhee College Library), and Ewha College Library. This study will focus to review the followings: 1. The historical background of above mentioned libraries. 2. The educational resistance under that period. 3. The comparative and analytical study of these private college libraries and Keijo Imperial University library. 4. The facilities and the basic collection development plan on the basis of presentation. 5. library services including readers services. 6. The impact of these libraries on the present private university libraries. 7. The organization and staffing pattern, and budget of these private college libraries. The followings are the outlines conclusions: 1. Korean private college libraries had been established in order to perform the educational resistance. They are one of the supporting agencies for the research activities, among the most important means of social education, and provide, no doubt, the full nutriment for hungry soul under that period. 2. These libraries have not outstripped Keijo Imperial University in collection of books as well as man power, but their collection of books coincided, in general, with their curricula, and had feature to perform the save-the-nation-movement by education. 3. The library services were appeared in the forms such as the Circulation Library, Lectures on the Use of Books and Libraries, Library Week, and Training Course for the Librarians, etc. It is thought that these activities contributed to the social and cultural development of Korea indirectly. 4. The library administration of the private colleges depended upon the director of library because of the frequent changes of staffs and the simple functional system without its middle class. 5. The Japanese Government-General in Korea gave no financial assistance to the private colleges though they were in financial difficulties more than Keijo Imperial University. 6. The ambitious ideal for foundation of universities in reality as well as in name was not achieved during that period because of the monstrous obstacle so-called the Japanese Government-General in Korea, but its ideal had a desirable effect upon these college libraries development, in particular, before and after 1935.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.715-722
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• 2013

Gas insulated switchgear is large-sized electric equipment for providing a reliable supply of electric power. Recently, seismic tests of electric equipment using a shaking table have been mandated because seismic performance has become an increasingly important issue. However, basic analysis methods continue to be used because some electric equipment is too large for shaking table facilities. Thus, a reliable analysis method should be developed for large-scale electric equipment. This study aims to evaluate the seismic qualification of a 245kV GIS in accordance with IEEE-693 and to validate the analysis method by comparing it with test results. Both the test and the analysis showed that the 245kV GIS has proper seismic safety. Furthermore, the differences between the analysis and the test results are less than 10% for an accurately given mass, stiffness, and input acceleration. It is expected that this study can be used for the seismic qualification of large-scale electrical structures.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.48-56
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• 2016

A crude oil leakage from a large atmospheric storage tank occurred on 4 April 2014 at 14:50 in Ulsan City, while storing the crude oil in the tank. Emergency Rescue Control Group was deployed in the scene. The company, Fire Service Headquarters and associated agencies got together in Command Post (CP) for discussing an effective corresponding strategy. Many solution plans were drafted in the debate such as power down, stopping the facilities, checking the density of inflammable gas, suppressing oil evaporation, moving the leaked crude oil to a nearby tank and a processing plant and avoiding marine pollution. All the solutions were carried out in cooperation with several agencies and partners. The oil leakage accident was successfully settled up within the process of responding, The Fire Service Headquarters and the company thought that the most important thing was the suppression of oil evaporation and the elimination of ignition source. With Fire Service Headquarters and several agencies' every effort, an explosion and a fire didn't occurred in the scene. This study suggest the improvement of the operating system in Emergency Rescue Control Group in case of petroleum leakage, explosion and fire accidents of atmospheric storage tank, different from a ordinary disaster. Assuming that petroleum leakage in atmospheric storage tank develop the explosion and fire accidents, the spreading speed of the flame and the burning time was experimented and compared with each other. Furthermore, this study concentrates on the effective field response plan prepared for the afterward explosion and fire accidents from petroleum leak in a storage tank, with the database experimented and analyzed in accordance with the angle of radiation in the foam nozzle and the pressure of pumping in a fire engine.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2020

In this study, the ISO 5660 and ISO 5659 combustion tests were conducted with synthetic resin conduits (CD, VE) and metal conduit (ST) used for wiring work in electrical facilities, which can be installed in ceiling concealed places. Then, fire spreading and evacuation risks were analyzed based on the measured data. In the ISO 5660 test, CD of 120.5 MJ/㎡, VE of 81.9 MJ/㎡, and ST of 4.9 MJ/㎡ were measured. In the ISO 5659 test, the CD 1320, VE 731, and ST 102 were measured, and then the maximum smoke densities were measured for CD 605 s, VE 740 s, and ST 1,200 s. In terms of fire spreading and evacuation risk, the CD conduit, VE conduit, and ST conduit were in order. In the fire spreading risk analysis, total heat emission was calculated as 4,820 MJ/㎡, 4,267 MJ/㎡, and 196 MJ/㎡ for CD, VE, and ST, respectively. Evacuation risk analysis shows at transmittance of 89%, CD is 127 s, VE is 35 s, and ST is 969 s. At transmittance of 79%, representing almost invisible concentration, CD is 157 s and VE is 50 s. The CD and VE conduits had a high fire spreading and evacuation risks, while the ST conduit had little effect on fire spreading and evacuation risk.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.607-618
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• 2017

Harmful air pollutants are exhausted from the various industrial facilities including the coal-fired thermal power plants and these substances affects on the human health as well as the nature environment. In particular, nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) are known to be causative substances to form fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$), which are also deleterious to human health. The integrated system composed of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) have been widely applied in order to control $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ emissions, resulting in high investment and operational costs, maintenance problems, and technical limitations. Recently, new technologies for the simultaneous removal of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ from the flue gas, such as absorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), non-thermal plasma (NTP), and electron beam (EB), are investigated in order to replace current integrated systems. The proposed technologies are based on the oxidation of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ to $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ by using strong aqueous oxidants or oxidative radicals, the absorption of $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$ into water at the gas-liquid interface, and the neutralization with additive reagents. In this paper, we summarize the technical improvements of each simultaneous abatement processes and the future prospect of technologies for demonstrating large-scaled applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2012

Currently domestic thermal and nuclear power plants are comprised of many type's condenser and steam generator tubes to produce the electricity of good quality. There are some methods to inspect these tubes in the event that several defects were discovered in these facilities. Among many non-destructive methods, we used guided wave to inspect the soundness of tubes, because this method is very fast to detect the defect and very simple to install the equipment and also, can inspect up to the long range at a fixed point. Also, this method has a drawback that does not detect a very small size defect. So, we made an effort to overcome this drawback through the experimentation and signal analysis according to the size and shape of the defect through the manufacture of various artificial cracks capable to generate within the small size tube in the study and we anticipate that these detect limits can be overcome along with the development of the signal processing and manufacturing technology of the sensor for the inspection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Most oil refineries and chemical plants have flare systems designed to mitigate pressure rises in process facilities in case of emergencies that require the release of large amounts of gas due to sudden process shutdowns such as power outages. However, the rise of the flame of the flare system causes civil complaints from residents around the factory due to visible pollution, and economic loss occurs in the company, which requires constant management. In this study, two items were diagnosed and analyzed in order to derive the optimal operation method of flare system. First, to detect the cause of the rise in flame height, the acoustic leak detector was used to check gas leaks in safety valves and pressure control valves. Second, to identify the cause of flame instability, the pulsation phenomenon was diagnosed through the CFD simulation and modeling experiments of the sealing drum. By confirming the leak at 4.3% of the safety valve and 10% of the pressure control valve, the cause of abnormal sparking was derived. The information presented in this study can be easily applied to any company that has a flare system, and is expected to prevent complaints and product loss.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 1988

Private forestland in Korea occupies about 48 percent of the total land area. But, the ownership size is too small to expect self-supporting management of forestowners. In order to improve individual management of the small-sized forest through the to the state of self-support, a cooperative forest management has been demanded, enlargement of the size of the management units by combining the different individual management units. The cooperative management of the private forest is to combine forestry production factors such as forestland, labor-power, and capitals according to the agreement. For the cooperative forest management, a proper plan should be established and well-trained working-crew should be produced. In addition, forestry facilities should be provided and operated jointly. Though the cooperative forest management by owners is considered to be favorable theoretically, it is difficult for forestowners including many nonresidents to organize the forest management cooperatives without outside help. Therefore, intensive pulblication and extension programmes are required and a financial support by the government should be followed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.453-463
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• 2017

Due to the increase in the size of buildings and scale, the importance of construction engineering that reflects the constructability from the design stage of the project is increasing. Especially, engineering efforts related to facilities, equipment and construction methods for temporary work at the design stage can significantly contribute to improvement of constructability and project performance. The purpose of this study is to derive construction engineering tasks on temporary work at the design phase of the high-rise building projects. 27 preliminary tasks were firstly investigated through literature review and experts' group interview, and the necessity and importance analysis of each tasks were then performed based on questionnaire survey. Most of the tasks related to plans on structural framework and lifting equipment were analyzed as relatively more important ones. Lastly, 21 engineering tasks, which are classified into 5 factors, were proposed through factor analysis. The factors were determined as 1) structural framework, measurement and circulation, 2) lifting equipment and pumping, 3) space zoning, 4) water supply, 5) temporary facility, electric power supply and lighting. The results of this study can be used as basic data for establishing efficient work process of construction engineering on temporary work at the design phase.