• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2019

The study aims to analyze the adaptation strategies and resilience of tobacco farmers to face unfavorable trading system. The research method refers to a qualitative approach with phenomenological models and case studies. The findings revealed tobacco farmers in Jember developed various adaptation strategies and resilience through farmer group organizations, partnerships, self-capacity building and access to financial institutions based on economic, social, cultural, and experience values from various sources and interactions among fellow tobacco farmers. The tobacco trading system, which is left to the market mechanism, results in low bargaining power of farmers, this encourages tobacco farmers to develop various adaptation and survival strategies, namely through collective activities of farmer groups, partnerships and self-development and access to financial institutions. Dealing with the unfavorable tobacco trading system, tobacco farmers do not switch to other commodity farming but adapt and make Jember a center for tobacco production in East Java and Indonesia. From this findings, it suggests to the government as the regulator does not only provide subsidies for tobacco farmers, but also must provide various technical assistance to increase the ability of tobacco farmers. More importantly, regulations must be made benefit tobacco farmers other than corporations so that equality can be enjoyed by tobacco economy players.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 1996

Laser therapy is becoming an accepted procedure for tissue coagulation and ablation and is especially useful in treating tumors. The laser energy is applied to the tissue of interest through various delivery systems which are introduced percutaneously, via blood vessels, through body openings, or during surgical exposure of the tissue. One of the major obstacles to effective application of lasers has been the lack of reliable method to determine the extent of tissue involvement in real time. Several methods have been proposed for monitoring the tissue response and controlling the laser in real time during laser therapy. Among them, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has been introduced to monitor laser-tissue interactions because laser irradiation induces changes not only in the thermal motions of the hydrogen protons within the tissue but also in the distribution and mobility of water and lipids. The buttocks of New Zealand rabbits were treated by KTP and $CO_2$laser(power : 10 watts, exposure time:10 seconds). m images were taken at immediately after lasering, 1 week later, 2 weeks later, and at the same time, tissues were harvested for histopathologic study. We analyzed MR images and histopathologic findigs of laser-treated tissues. The MR images taken immediately after laser treatment showed 3 layer pattern and which was correlated with histopathologic changes. We suggest MRI may become a useful monitoring tools for laser-tissue interaction.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

For this research an extension of the LIF technique that the LIEF(Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence) technique has been used LIEF technique is the unique method to allows the visualization of fuel vapor phase and liquid phase individually by capturing each signals of them. In this work performed that the basic procedure for advanced LIEF technique using TEA and benzene as dopants md high power KrF excimer laser to excite the dopants. Iso-octane is used as the fuel because it does not absorb light at the laser wavelength. The boiling point of benzene and TEA are $81^{\circ}C\;and89^{\circ}C$, respectively, in comparison to $99^{\circ}C$ for iso-octane. It is observed that the behavior and distribution of high pressed fuel injection from various test condition. The injection pressure is set as 3MPa. and 5MPa. And the ambient pressure of test chamber is atmospheric pressure and 1MPa, the ambient temperature of chamber is room temperature, $300^{\circ}C\;and\;500^{\circ}C$ to imitate the condition of GDI engine cylinder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.195-198
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• 2002

A positron camera, consisting of a pair of Anger-type scintillation detectors, has been developed for verifying the ranges of irradiation beams in heavy-ion radiotherapy. Images obtained by a centroid calculation of photomultiplier outputs exhibit a distortion near the edge of the crystal plane in an Anger-type scintillation detector. The images of a $\^$68/Ge line source were detected and look-up tables were prepared for the position correction parameters. Asymmetry of the position distribution detected by the positron camera was prevented with this correction. As a result, a linear position response and a position resolution of 8.6 mm were obtained over a wide measurement field.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.749-758
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• 2018

Free axial vibration of axially functionally graded (AFG) nanorods is studied by focusing on the inertia of lateral motions and shear stiffness effects. To this end, Bishop's theory considering the inertia of the lateral motions and shear stiffness effects and the nonlocal theory considering the small scale effect are used. The material properties are assumed to change continuously through the length of the AFG nanorod according to a power-law distribution. Then, nonlocal governing equation of motion and boundary conditions are derived by implementing the Hamilton's principle. The governing equation is solved using the harmonic differential quadrature method (HDQM), After that, the first five axial natural frequencies of the AFG nanorod with clamped-clamped end condition are obtained. In the next step, effects of various parameters like the length of the AFG nanorod, the diameter of the AFG nanorod, material properties, and the nonlocal parameter value on natural frequencies are investigated. Results of the present study can be useful in more accurate design of nano-electro-mechanical systems in which nanotubes are used.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 1997

Laser Raman scattering method has been applied to measure equivalence ratio of methane/air mixture in injected spray. We used high power KrF excimer laser$(\lambda=248nm)$ and a high gain ICCD camera to capture low intensity signal. Raman shifts and Raman scattering cross -sections of $H_2,\;O_2,\;N_2,\;CO_2,\;CH_4\;and\;C_3H_8$ are measured precisely. Our results show an excellent agreement with those of other groups. Mole fraction measurement of $O_2\;and\;N_2$ from air shows that $O_2:N_2=0.206:0.794$. We used gas injector which was operated at 1 bar. Methane is used as a fuel. Spray region is $10mm\times37mm$ and this region is divided into 80 points. In Raman signals are obtained and ensemble averaged for each point. 3-d and contour plot of distribution of equuivalence ratio is presented. Our measured results show that the equivalence ratio of methane/air mixture in methane-rich region is reasonable. However, more study is necessary for methane-lean region because background noise level is almost same as Raman intensity of methane.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

For screening test of the non-volatile compounds which migrate from food packaging materials into foodstuffs, the traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems suffer from the lack of universal detector with high sensitivity and universality and high efficiency HPLC separation column which provides complete separation of complex mixtures into all individual substances. In this work, the use possibility of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD), a universal detector, was reviewed. 2D-LC system permits to improve peak capacity and resolving power for complex mixtures. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) offers a new feasibility for detection of any non-volatile compounds with high sensitivity and constant response factor in a calibration range. The combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) is most frequently used for the separation of the natural and synthetic polymers which are mainly used as raw materials for the manufacture of food packaging materials. However, there is no commercial software available for data acquisition and handling and therefore the quantification in 2D-LC analysis is still rare.

• KCID journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-94
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• 2010

Recently, biomass application for energy is getting more interests from many countries since biomass is widely available over the nation wide, whereas fossil fuels are produced in several limited regions. Recognizing the importance, government is promoting renewable energy use in Korea. The locational characteristics of the existing biomass potential directly can be used to decide scale of power plant for local agricultural facility. Although there are a few studies on feasible biomass potential in local areas, it is expected that both government and commercial sectors recognize the potential of biomass energy and the importance of reducing greenhouse gases. When planning biomass energy systems, biomass price is determined by the costs of collection, transportation, chipping, drying if required. In this paper investigates the economic and spatial characteristic of biomass location by land use map. However typical area of each categories in local region is not correct to agricultural census data. Therefore we concerned about how to calculate feasible biomass potential which it can be describing total amount of plant scale, and to match both of data. Even though its spatial distribution, in rural area in Korea, to expand biomass energy programs in the area, government serve to find areas of higher biomass production with suitable locations for plants to convert to bio-energy in order to increase the usage of renewable energy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.200-204
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• 2005

The sirocco fan is used to get low noise, and it has been applied to a lot of industry field like the heat engine, the fluid instrument power plant, the food industry, environment industry etc... because there are not any problem even it is mixed with a any kind of liquid, gas, and solid. The flow characteristics in sirocco fan are investigated by PIV. The experiment using PIV measurement for Test section's flow characteristics acquired velocity distribution, .Condition : when sirocco fan in automobile air controller maximum 1450RPM, and a revolution is a variation (1)950RPM, (2)1100RPM, (3)1250RPM. The agreement a experiment shows the validity of this study and the results of this study would be useful to the engineers who design for the flow systems for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.480-486
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• 2005

This paper proposes a method to consider an aging failure probability and survival probability of power system components, though only aging failure probability has been considered in existing mean life calculation. The estimates of the mean and its standard deviation is calculated by using Weibull distribution, and each estimated parameters is obtained from Data Analytic Method (Type H Censoring). The parameter estimation using Data Analytic Method is simpler and faster than the traditional calculation method using gradient descent algorithm. This paper shows calculation procedure of the mean life and its standard deviation by the proposed method and illustrates that the estimated results are close enough to real historical data of combustion turbine generating units in Korean systems. Also, this paper shows the calculation procedures of a probabilistic failure prediction through a stochastic data analysis. Consequently, the proposed methods would be likely to permit that the new deregulated environment forces utilities to reduce overall costs while maintaining an are-related reliability index.