• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pour point

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A Study on Interactions of Image in Multimedia Medium (멀티미디어 매체에서 이미지의 상호작용성에 관한 연구)

  • Yang Hwan-Seok;Jung Hye-Won
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 2005
  • The function of image in visual communication is increasing by development of information. It pursuits not only direct and concrete reappearance of information but also infinite possibility of image expression by image. It is also course of future image communication. Therefore, in this paper, if the images which pour out of rapid present society are communication means, it is formed to a point of view that improvement in function of communication will be performed excellently to interaction among consumers by recognizing meaning action process of methods of visual sign about user information processing which perceive Image of visual information.

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Influence of Molecular structure of Lubricants on the UV-absorption Characteristics of the Base Wax-pigment Composites (윤활제의 분자구조가 Base Wax-pigment Composite의 UV-absorption특성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1985
  • Correlation among the wax-pigment composites which is base vehicles for the crepas was investigated in terms of fadeness. The base wax synthesized and pigments are compounded with petroleum lubricant and exposed under carbon arc individually. The yellowing phenomenon was appeared on the reference papers coated with the spindle oil which was then exposed. The papers were again extracted with distilled water and pH of them were ranged between 6.2-6.5. Color difference from Adam-Nickerson equation, ${\vartriangle}E$ of base wax is 0.15 and that of spindle oil are varied from 0.66 to 15.62. Since the main components of the petroleum lubricant are aromatic hydrocarbons which have absorptions characteric of UV ranging from 240 to 280 nm, fadeness characteristics of the composites are largely depend upon the change of molecular structure of spindle oil by absorbing UV. Thus the spindle oil having the following physical properties has the better resistance of fadness and is recommended to use in compounding the base wax-pigment composites: ${\cdot}$ main component: paraffinic hydrocarbon ${\cdot}$ pour point: below - $15^{\circ}C$ ${\cdot}$ UV absorption characteristics: ${\lambda}max.$ : 268-290nm ${\cdot}$ absorbancy: below 0.1(0.03ml of sample/50ml of $CHCl_3$)

A Study on the Variation of Physical & chemical Properties with Refining treatment and Additive mixture for Marine Fuel Oil (선박연료유의 정제처리 및 첨가제 혼합에 따른 물리.화학적 특성 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Won-Hui;Nam, Jeong-Gil;Lee, Don-Chool;Park, Jeong-Dae;Kang, Dae-Sun
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 2006
  • Recently it is a tendency that the use of the heavy fuel oil is investigated even from the middle&small class vessel in order to reduce the operating cost of vessel caused by with rise of international gas price. In this study, analyzed the physical & chemical properties and examined the effect of refining treatment and a fuel oil additive for MF30 fuel oil which is a mixture fuel oil mixed M.G.O and the heavy oil MF380 use to be possible in the middle&small class vessel. As a results, the effects of two of pre-refinery treatment methods as centrifugal purifier and heating & homogenizing system(M.C.H) are some feeble, but the pour point and the flash point came to be low more or less. The effect of property improvement which is caused by with the fuel oil additive did not appear positively.

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Quantitative Analysis of Fuel in Engine Oil (엔진오일 내 연료성분 정량분석)

  • Lim, Young-Kwan;Kim, Jiyeon;Na, Yong-Gyu;Kim, Jong-Ryeol
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.714-719
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    • 2017
  • The contaminated engine oil by fuel can intimidate driver safety due to vehicle problems such as engine abrasion, fire and sudden unintended acceleration. In this study, we investigate various functional properties of the engine oil contaminated with fuel. The test results indicated that the engine oil contaminated with fuel had relatively low values of the flash point, pour point, density, kinematic viscosity and cold cranking simulator. Furthermore, a four ball test suggested that the contaminated engine oil increased wear scar due to the poor lubricity. Moreover, SIMDIST (simulated distillation) using ASTM D2887 was applied to analyze fuel characteristics in an engine oil. The SIMDIST analysis result showed a lower carbon number, and the fuel was detected at an earlier retention time than that of using engine oil in chromatogram. Also, it is possible to quantitatively analyze for fuel contents in the engine oil. The SIMDIST method for the diagnosis of oil conditions can be used whether the fuel was involved or not, instead of analyzing other physical properties that require various analytical instruments, large volumes of oil samples, and long analysis time.

A Study on the Variation of Physical & Chemical Properties with Refining Treatment and Additive Mixture for Marine Fuel Oil (선박연료유의 정제처리 및 첨가제 혼합에 따른 물리.화학적 특성 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Won-Hui;Nam, Jeong-Gil;Lee, Don-Chool
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.13 no.1 s.28
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2007
  • Recently it is a tendency that the heavy fuel oil is considered to be used on board even middle or small sized vessels in order to reduce the operating cost of vessel mused by a rise in international oil prices. In this study, analyzed the physical & chemical properties and examined the effect of refining treatment and a fuel oil additive for MF30 fuel oil which is a mixture fuel oil mixed M.G.O and the heavy oil MF380 use to be possible in the middle&small class vessel. As a results, the effects of two of pre-refinery treatment methods as centrifugal purifier and heating & homogenizing system(M.C.H) are some feeble, but the pour point and the flash point came to be low more or less. The effect of property improvement which is mused by the fuel oil additive did not appear positively.

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Study on Chemical Stabilities with R-1234yf Refrigerant of Polyol Ester Refrigerant Oil for Electric Vehicles (전기 자동차용 폴리올 에스테르계 냉동기유의 R-1234yf 냉매와의 적합성 연구)

  • Hong, J.S.;Chung, K.W.;Kim, N.K.;Shin, J.H.;Kim, Young Woon;Lee, E.H.;Go, B.S.;Hwang, S.Y.
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2020
  • Global warming has led to an increase in demand of eco-friendly vehicles, such as electric cars, for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and especially, regulating carbon dioxide generation. In addition, electric vehicles are equipped with an electric drive-type hermetic scroll compressor and a refrigerant, which exhibit current and future trends of using environmentally friendly refrigerants, including R-1234yf. In this study, polyol ester-based refrigeration oils are prepared via condensation esterification of polyol and fatty acids. The oils can be combined with R-1234yf refrigerant for applications in air conditioning and cooling systems of electric vehicles. The structure of synthetic polyol esters is confirmed via 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectrum analysis, and the composition of the polyol ester is analyzed via gas chromatogram analysis. Furthermore, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, total acid value, pour point, and color are analyzed as fundamental physical properties of the synthetic polyol esters. The compatibility and chemical stability of the synthetic polyol ester combined with the R-1234yf refrigerant are obtained via high temperature and high pressure oil-resistant refrigerant tests. The changes in the oil color and catalyst activity are observed before and after the experiment to determine whether it is suitable as a refrigerator oil.

Reduction of Saturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Biodiesel Produced from Beef Tallow by Acetone Fractionation (우지로부터 합성된 바이오 디젤의 포화도 감소를 위한 용매 분별 연구)

  • Zhang, Hua;Shin, Jung-Ah;Lee, Ki-Teak
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.472-481
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    • 2011
  • It is known that the content of saturated fatty acids methyl ester (SFAME) affect the pour point of biodiesel at low temperature. In this study, biodiesel (BD) was produced from beef tallow (TAL) by alkali catalyst. To reduce the saturation in BD, acetone fractionation was applied. Besides, TAL was also solvent-fractionated to reduce the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content for further producing BD. With acetone, TAL or TAL methyl ester (5:1 v/w) were fractionated at 10, 0, -10, and $-15^{\circ}C$, respectively. At $-10^{\circ}C$, 17.35% of SFA was observed in fractionated TAL (liquid part, -10TAL) when 5:1 solvent ratio was used for 24 hr. Under the same condition, fractionated BD (liquid part, -10BD) showed SFA (33.14%) with 78wt % yield. Also, fractionation of BD with different concentration of crystallizer 209 (0.1, 0.5, and 1%) along with different time (2, 6, 12, and 24 hr.) was observed. The best condition for reducing the SFA was 0.5% of crystallizer 209 addition for 12 hr of fractionation time at $-10^{\circ}C$, in which 30.14% of SFA content was observed in BD (liquid part). Among different crystallizer, ps 66 showed the least content of SFA content (23.28%) in BD after fractionation ($-10^{\circ}C$ and 24 hr) with 0.5wt% addition.

Single-molecule Alkylation of Isoparaffin Using Peroxide Initiator for Making Synthetic Lubricant (합성 윤활유 제조를 위한 퍼옥사이드계 개시제를 이용한 이소파라핀의 단독 알킬레이션)

  • Khadka, Roshan;Lee, Sang-Woo;Kim, Yong-Woon;Ryu, Jae-Wook;Yim, Jin-Heong
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.496-501
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    • 2014
  • Polyalphaolefin (PAO) is a synthetic lubricant that is superior to mineral-based lubricants in terms of physical and chemical characteristics such as low pour point (PP), and high viscosity index (VI). This paper first reports a novel preparation route for a synthetic lubricant via alkylation of isoparaffins using a peroxide initiator without olefin. Alkylation of three kinds of isoparaffins such as i-$C_{16}$, i-$C_{18}$, and i-$C_{23}$ as well as alkylation of i-$C_{18}$ with 2-pentene using di-tert butyl peroxide initiator were conducted under various conditions to confirm alkylation reaction from isoparaffins themselves i.e; Single-molecule alkylation. Various properties of each alkylates (VI and PP) were investigated as a synthetic lubricant. Single-molecule alkylation made from i-$C_{16}$ a,nd i-$C_{18}$ showed ultra high VI (>140) and low PP (< $-30^{\circ}C$).

Analysis of Oil Species of Illegally Disposed Oil (무단 투기 유류에 대한 유종 해석)

  • Lim, Young-Kwan;Lee, Eun-Yul;Seong, Sang-Rae;Kim, Jong-Ryeol
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.664-668
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    • 2016
  • The contamination in soil, underground water and river environment became serious due to illegal waste dumping. In this study, our research group analyzed the oil species of illegally disposed oils from J City. After pretreating the mixture of oil, water and solid phases to obtain homogeneous phase components, the physical property analysis, atom analysis, and gas chromatography were performed. From the results showing 11.8% of oxygen content, $-6^{\circ}C$ of pour point and chromatogram pattern. the contaminated oil was identified as a vegetable one. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was also performed in order to know what kind of vegetable oil was, and the ratio of LLO, OOL and POL was found to be high indicating that the disposed oil is majorly the used soybean oil with some vegetable oil mixtures. This study can be used for identifying contaminators for oils from the illegal waste dumping.

The study on performance of characteristics in engine oil by vehicle driving (차량 운행에 따른 엔진오일의 성능특성 평가 연구)

  • Lee, Joung-Min;Lim, Young-Kwan;Jung, Choong-Sub;Kim, Ye-Eun;Han, Kwan-Wook;Na, Byung-Ki
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.237-244
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    • 2013
  • The engine oil is used for lubrication of various internal combustion engines. Recently, the vehicle and engine oil manufacture usually guarantee for oil change over 15000~20000 km mileage, but the most of driver usually change engine oil every 5000 km driving in korea. It can cause to raise environmental contamination by used engine oil and increase the cost of driving by frequently oil change. In this study, we investigate the various physical properties such as flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, cold cranking simulator characteristics, total acid number, four-ball test and concentration of metal component for fresh engine oil and used engine oil after real vehicle driving (5000 km, 10000 km). The result showed that the total acid number, wear scar diameter by four-ball test, Fe and Cu had increased than fresh engine oil, but 2 kind of used oil (5000 km and 10000km) had similar physical values and concentration of metal component.