• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2000

An experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional values and variations of food wastes according to seasons and sources. Food wastes were sampled monthly from Feb. to Aug. at gathering sites from home kitchens, school restaurants and Korean food restaurants. chemical analyses revealed that crude fiber and NaCl contents were in the range of 5.41∼10.36 and 3.67∼5.40%, respectively, and the variations were especially high in summer. Ash content was highest in spring. With regard to the sources, the wastes from Korean food restaurants was highest in ash, calcium and phosphorus. On the other hand, crude fiber and fat were highest in the waste from house kitchens and NaCl in those from school restaurants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.124-135
• /
• 2003

In order to prevent pollution from animal waste, the excretion of nutrients should be reduced through proper nutritional management. Among the many nutrients of concern, such as N, P, Cu, Zn and K, P is one of the most concerned nutrients to be managed. Seven feeding trials, three with layers and four with broilers, were conducted to determine if microbial phytase supplementation can reduce non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) level in diets and results in concomitant reductions of P excretion. The results showed that microbial phytase can be successfully used to achieve these purposes. Activity of natural phytase in certain plant feedstuffs is high enough to be considered in feed formulation. Three experiments have been conducted to study the characteristics of plant phytase and its application to feeding of broilers. Selected brands of wheat bran could be successfully used as a source of phytase in broiler feeding.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2017

동 식물성잔재물의 재활용을 활성화하기 위해서는 동 폐기물에 대한 배출원, 배출량과 처리방법 등에 대한 통계가 세부적으로 작성되어 이를 재활용하려고 하는 폐기물재활용업자가 이에 대한 정보를 쉽게 얻을 수 있어야 하고, 법규에서 재활용을 허용하는 방법이 적정하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 우리나라의 동 식물성잔재물의 세부 분류와 법규에서 허용하는 재활용 가능 유형의 적정성을 검토하였다. 또한, 세부 분류의 개선방안을 마련하기 위해 유럽과 일본의 동 폐기물에 대한 세부 분류를 문헌을 통해 조사하였고, 국내의 동 폐기물의 재활용 현황을 파악하기 위해 동 식물성유 제조업과 전분 및 당류 제조업체와 이들 업종에서 발생하는 동식물성잔재물을 재활용하는 업체에 대한 현장방문 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 폐기물관리법 시행규칙의 세부분류와 재활용 가능 유형의 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권2_spc호
• /
• pp.332-346
• /
• 2022

Shortage of protein feed resources is the major challenge to the world farm animal industry. Insects are known as an alternative protein source for poultry. A wide range of insects are available for use in poultry diets. Insect larvae thrive in manure, and organic waste, and produce antimicrobial peptides to protect themselves from microbial infections, and additionally these peptides might also be functional in poultry feed. The feed containing antimicrobial peptides can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and immune function in poultry. Insect meal contains a higher amount of essential amino acids compared to conventional feedstuffs. Black soldier fly, mealworm, housefly, cricket/Grasshopper/Locust (Orthoptera), silkworm, and earthworm are the commonly used insect meals in broiler and laying hen diets. This paper summarizes the nutrient profiles of the insect meals and reviews their efficacy when included in poultry diets. Due to the differences in insect meal products, and breeds of poultry, inconsistent results were noticed among studies. The main challenge for proper utilization, and the promising prospect of insect meal in poultry diet are also addressed in the paper. To fully exploit insect meal as an alternative protein resource, and exert their functional effects, modes of action need to be understood. With the emergence of more accurate and reliable studies, insect meals will undoubtedly play more important role in poultry feed industry.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2004

케라틴으로 구성되어 있는 우모는 도계 공장에서 부산물로 대량 배출되는 단백질 폐기물이다. 현재, 물리화학적 처리를 통하여 우모를 가축의 사료로 재활용하기 위한 방법이 시행되고 있으나 이러한 방법은 많은 단점을 가지고 있으며, 결과적으로 keratinolytic protease의 이용은 우모의 생물 공학적 처리를 위해 반드시 필요한 과정임을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 우모의 생물학적 처리를 위하여 keratinolytic protease를 생성함으로서 우모를 분해할 수 있는 세균을 자연계로부터 분리한 후, 그 분류학적 위치를 검토하였다. 퇴비화중인 볏짚, 닭 가공공장 주변의 토양 및 붕괴중인 우모로부터 keratinolytic protease생성능이 우수한 5균주를 최종 선정하였다. 그중 효소 생성능과 우모 분해능이 가장 우수한 F7-1을 실험 균주로 선정하여 형태학적, 배양적 및 생화학적 특성을 조사한 결과, Bacillus sp.로 동정되었으며, Biolog system을 이용한 동정에서도 Bacillus sp.로 조사되었다. 보다 정확한 균주 동정을 위하여 16S rDNA 염기서열 분석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 F7-1 균주는 B. megaterium과 계통진화학적으로 가장 유연 관계가 높았다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.16-33
• /
• 2021

To stop hunger, reducing food losses is a potential movement towards saving food. A large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced through the improved food chain in many countries. Raising awareness on how and where food losses occur will help recovering foods such as meat by identifying solutions and convincing people to implement those solutions. This, in turn, will lead to private and public efforts to recover meat that might be otherwise wasted. After highlighting the importance of food saving benefits and relevant statistics, this paper explains the possible ways to reduce meat loss and waste in abattoirs and presents a framework for prevention according to the estimates of meat losses in Iran meat supply. The current article answers the questions of where do we have the meat loss in Iran and what approaches are most successful in reducing losses in the meat industry. The national average loss and waste in meat production are about 300,000 metric tonnes (about 15%). Many segments and players are involved with this huge amount of losses in the meat value chain, a large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced by about 25% through using by-products with the mechanization of design and manufacturing. The production amount of mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is 105,091,000 kg, concluding the major waste (88.33%) of total poultry losses. Ensuring appropriate actions by exploiting the full potential of engaged Iranian associations and institutes is considered to reduce the losses.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.394-407
• /
• 2024

The poultry industry faces disposal difficulty in waste, but recent advancements in material science and sustainability have enabled the innovative transformation of waste into valuable resources. In this study, eggshell (EC) was added as a bio-filler to gum Arabic (GA) to fabricate a GA-EC bio-composite film. Bio-composites containing 0.5 g (GA-EC_0.5) and 1.0 g (GA-EC_1.0) EC dispersed in 30 mL of 15% GA solution were fabricated and characterized using standard analytical techniques. The GA-EC_0.5 composites showed significantly higher moisture content, transparency, water solubility, and water vapor permeability but lower tensile strength and thermal stability than GA-EC_1.0. Following a post-harvest wrapping of tomato fruits with the GA-EC composite films and storage at 25±2℃ for 20 days, significant (p>0.05) reductions in weight loss, pH, lycopene content, and activities of polyphenol oxidase and pectin methylesterase compared to unwrapped fruits were recorded. Adding EC to GA has enabled the fabrication of composite films with improved mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties with potential application in the post-harvest storage of tomato fruits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.755-762
• /
• 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the influence of varying fibrous diets on fecal characteristics of growing pigs. Methods: A total of 104 pigs (initial weight $18{\pm}2.0kg$) were used in the study. They were housed in individual pens and fed on diets containing maize cob, grass hay, lucerne hay, maize stover, and sunflower husk. These fibers were included at 0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 g/kg. Fecal and urine samples were collected. Results: Fecal output was largest amongst pigs fed on diets containing grass hay and maize stover (p<0.05). Nitrogen content was highest in feces from pigs fed on sunflower husk (p<0.05). Pigs fed on diets containing maize stover and maize cobs produced the largest concentrations of short chain fatty acids. Acetate concentration was high in feces of pigs fed maize stover than those fed grass hay and lucerne hay (p<0.05). As the level of fiber inclusion increased, fecal consistency and nitrogen content increased linearly (p<0.05). Urea nitrogen decreased as the inclusion level increased across all the fibers (p<0.05), with maize cobs containing the largest content of urea nitrogen. As dietary fiber content increased, fecal nitrogen content also increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that different fiber sources influence fecal characteristics, thereby having different implications on pig waste management. It is vital to monitor fiber inclusion thresholds so as to easily manage environmental pollutants such as butyrate that contribute to odors.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.253-261
• /
• 2012

We isolated and characterized novel duck feather-degrading bacteria producing keratinase. Twelve strains were isolated from soil and faces at poultry farm, and decayed feathers. They were identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus, Pseudomonas geniculata, Pseudomonas hibiscicola, Exiquobacterium profundum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Bacillus thuringiensis, Thermomonas koreensis, respectively, by phenotypic characters and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Generally, the level of keratinase production was not proportional to feather degradation rate. The highest keratinolytic activity was observed in the culture inoculated with Chryseobacterium indologenes D27. Although all strains did not degrade human hair, strains tested effectively degraded chicken feather(53.8-91.4%), wool(40.4-93.0%) and human nail (51.0-82.9%). These results suggest that strains isolated could be not only used to improve the nutritional value of recalcitrant feather waste but also is a potential candidate for biotechnological processes of keratin hydrolysis.