• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2006년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.372-375
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• 2006

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1979

The basic problem of the broiler industry is that of fluctuating prices, mainly thanks to unstable supply of and inelastic demand for products as usually indicated as a peculiarity of agricultural commodities. This particularly brings the producer to a great economic risk, because he has to sell products under the condition of pure competition, whereas others from whom he has to buy deal under the condition of oligopoly or even monopoly. Therefore, producers economic position is generally placed in the worst comparing others dealing with, which results in unbalanced economic status of elements involved in broiler operation and further obstruction of industry development as a whole. A certain type of business coordination to overcome such a problem should be measured in order to improve the efficiency of entire operation and thus assure the balanced industry development. The concept of the economic integration developed in modern business system had been adapted to U.S. poultry industry which became common later around the world as a means of stabilizing producers price and whole industry as well. There are two main typos of integration; horizontal and vertical The former refers to the general grouping of similar business units, eg. a hatchery tying with other hatchery, while the latter refers to the knitting together of two or more stages of economic activities, eg. tying together among units of hatching, fled milling, production, processing and marketing. By having the industry integrated, risk and uncertainty involved in various stages of operation could be diversified. The typo of integrating contract between producers and integrators include the share of profits, flat fee payment, feed conversion payment and salary basis. In the U.S., extensive changes in production, processing, and marketing during the last few decades have changed the thicken broiler industry from one of small, widely scattered farms to one that is largo, concentrated and efficient. More than 99 percent of all broilers produced are grown under contract and by integrated firms which vary in size of operation and complexity. About 84 percent of all production is concentrated in 10 States. Some of the other factors ;hat contributed to these choses arc costs, energy use, prices, processing, marketing and demand. No integrated broiler production system has yet been applied in Korea's poultry industry, thus all stages all broiler operation run independently seeking for its own profit. Consequently, producers price fluctuate very widely around the year even more than 50 percent in a few months. This also leads to disadvantages of material supplies, processors and distributors and enforce the industry unstable. The current economic environment in Korea seems that the time for broiler integration comes and as an ideal integrator, feed millers, food processors and producers group may be considered.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2012

This study was examined the optimization of processing conditions for taste-assurance factors of boiled Korean native chicken (KNC) through response surface methodology. The effects of two independent variables, including heating time ($X_1$) and water volume ($X_2$), were investigated using central composite design. Hypoxanthine content, lipid oxidation, texture, and sensory results were chosen as dependent variable. Results showed high reliability on hypoxanthine and texture property in leg meat (not breast meat) of boiled KNC. Statistical modeling revealed that 3.5 folds of added water (v/w) based on chicken weight and 73.5 min of cooking time was the optimum for producing characteristic taste and textural properties from the leg meat of KNC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1796-1804
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• 2016

The high incidence of deaths during transport for slaughter is associated with poor welfare and represents a considerable loss to the poultry industry. In the period from 2009 to 2014, all shipments of broiler chickens to poultry processing plants were monitored in the Czech Republic and the numbers of chickens transported and those dying as a result of their transport were recorded and analysed. Overall transport-related mortality of broiler chickens transported for slaughter in the Czech Republic was 0.37%. It ranged from 0.31% to 0.72%, the increase approximately corresponding to the increasing transport distance. Statistically highly significant (p<0.001) differences were found when comparing transport-related mortality rates in individual seasons of the year. The greatest mortality (0.55%) was associated with transports carried out in winter months whereas the lowest death losses (0.30%) were found in chickens transported for slaughter in summer months. Our study revealed greater transport-related mortality rates in broiler chickens transported for slaughter in the Czech Republic than expected when considering earlier studies. The most pronounced increases were found in transports for shorter distances and in winter months. However, an increase was found at all transport distances monitored except for distances exceeding 300 km and all seasons except for summer. Furthermore, a general increasing tendency in chicken losses during the monitored period was found. The particularly alarming finding is that the mortality of broiler chickens being transported to processing plants has been showing a long-term increasing tendency over the last two decades. Further research should focus on the identification of specific factors leading to such high and growing mortality rates and developing practical guidelines to improve the welfare of the birds in transit accordingly.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.755-764
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• 1996

A multispectral imaging system with selected wavelength optical filter was demonstrated feasible for food safety inspection. Intensified multispectral images of carcasses were obtained with visible/near-infrared optical filters(542-847 nm wavelengths) and analyzed. The analysis of textural features based on co-occurrence matrices was conducted to determine the feasibility of a multispectral image analyses for discriminating unwholesome poultry carcasses from wholesome carcasses. The mean angular second moment of the wholesome carcasses scanned at 542 nm wavelength was lower than that of septicemic (P$\leq$0.0005) and cadaver(P$\leq$0.0005) carcasses. On the other hand, for the carcasses scanned at 700nm wavelength , the feature values of septicemic and cadaver carcasses were significantly (P$\leq$0.0005) different from wholesome carcasses. The discriminant functions for classifying poultry carcasses into three classes (wholesome, septicemic , cadaver) were developed using linear and quadr tic covariance matrix analysis method. The accuracy of the quadratic discriminant models, expressed in rates of correct classification, were over 90% for the classification of wholesome, septicemic, and cadaver carcasses when textural features from the spectral images scanned at the wavelength of 542 and 700nm were utilized.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

The demand for traceability of meat and livestock supply chains is growing due to the high-profile incidents of hormonal contamination. E. coli, dioxin, BSE, and antibiotics have been recorded. In this paper, we present blockchain-based poultry information management system design and implementation using Hyperledger Fabric. The proposed system offers accurate, decentralized, immutable and consensus process that promote trust and transparency between stakeholders. The main tasks of the system include the recording of the information associated with poultry rearing (from a hatchery to a farm), status report of the farm activities on a monthly basis. The system can track movement of docks through the supply chain until delivery to the final consumer through the retail outlet. The ability to trace the source of livestock product through all the stages of rearing/production, processing and distribution is essential for ensuring food safety as recall of contaminated product can easily be done thereby increasing consumer confidence.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 1992

The Louisiana crawfish industry comprises the largest concentration of crustacean aquaculture in the United States. Processing plants throughout the culture region annually generate as much as 80 million pounds of peeling waste during recovery of the 15% (by weight) edible tail meat. A commercial oil extraction process for recovery of carotenoid astaxanthin from crawfish waste has been developed. Crawfish pigment in its various forms finds applications as a source of red intensifying agents for use in aquaculture and poultry industries. Crawfish shell, separated in the initial pigment extraction step, is an excellent source of chitin. Applicable physicochemical procedures for isolation of chitin from crawfish shell and its conversion to chitosan have been developed. Crawfish chitosan has been demonstrated to be both an effective coagulant and ligand-exchange column material , respectively, for recovery of valuable organic compounds from seafood processing wastewater.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.18
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• 2022

Background: Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives: To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods: The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results: All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions: These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1988

재래오골계의 일반성분, 육색과 절단력에 대하여 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 근육의 성분중 수분과 조단백질은 흉부에서 높았으며 조지방과 조섬유는 퇴경부에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 그러나 주령에 따른 성분의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. L. a. b값은 Hunter color solid에 비교하여 볼때 회색으로 판명되었으며 절단력은 퇴경부가 흉부보다 크고 수컷이 암컷보다 큰 값을 나타내었다. 또한 절단력은 주령이 증가할수록 증가되었다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 국제 심포지움
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• pp.67-88
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• 2003

과거 20∼30 년 동안에 계육이나 칠면조육과 같은 가금육의 소비가 급성장하였는데 이렇게 되기까지는 매우 저렴한 가금육 가격, 많은 제품의 연구와 개발, 소비자들의 기호에 맞는 가금육의 특성, 소비자의 요구에 부응, 가금산업의 계열화와 통합, 가공에 관련된 장비들과 기술, 그리고 공격적인 마케팅 등과 같은 여러 요인들이 작용하였다. 그간에 연구 개발되어 활용된 가공기술로는 가금육의 성형/재구성, 텀블링, 염지, 훈연, 마사지, 염지액 주입, 향신료첨가, 유화, 빵가루도포, 액상도포, 종절, 절단 그리고 급속냉동과 같은 것들이 있다. 이처럼 발달된 가공기술들은 정육과 부분육 모든 부위에 사용되어졌다. 기계적으로 발골한 발골육 및 가슴과 다리 살코기를 이용한 다양한 제품의 개발로 인하여 가금육의 활용도가 더욱 증가하였다. 닭고기 가슴육은 건강식품의 상징이 되었고 고급식당과 요식업계에서 빠지지 않는 중요한 메뉴가 되었다. 그러나 다리, 날개, 북채와 같은 적육부분을 이용한 제품의 개발과 이용은 상대적으로 높은 지방함량 때문에 제한받아 왔다. 현재 대부분의 닭고기 제품은 구이용이나 인스턴트 제품 형태로 가공되어져서 판매되고 있다. 닭고기의 품질에서 중요한 문제는 비염지조리 가슴살에서 핑크색을 띠는 문제, 지방 산화, 이취, 가슴육에서의 PSE 발생 그리고 안전성과 같은 것들이 있다. 새로운 가공기술을 이용하여 신선육과 조리된 가금육의 품질과 안전성을 보증하기 위해서는 지금까지 행하여져 왔듯이 향후 끊임없는 연구개발이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 특히, 신선육과 익힌 가금육의 방사선 조사의 응용이 향후 5 년 이내에 점차 증가하게 될 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 시장 점유율에서 인스턴트 식품용 육제품이 차지하는 비율이 점차 증가할 것이다. 또한 부분육을 이용한 완전제품, 적색육제품, 유기농이나 별미식 제품과 같은 형태의 다양한 포장육 제품이 도입 될 것으로 생각되어진다.e in vitro SPF test method will be able to be used as an alternative method for in vivo SPF in case of lotion and cream. replica. A statistically significant improvement of Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30-treated site was seen in decreased wrinkles. Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30 results in clinically visible improvement in wrinkling when used topically for 5 weeks. 또한 관계마케팅, CRM 등의 이론적 배경이 되고 있는 신뢰와 결속의 중요성이 재확인하는 결과도 의의라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 신뢰는 양사 간의 상호관계에서 조성될 수 있는 특성을 가진 반면, 결속은 계약관계 초기단계에서 성문화하고 규정화 할 수 있는 변수의 성격이 강하다고 할 수가 있다. 본 연구는 복잡한 기업간 관계를 지나치게 협력적 측면에서만 규명했기 때문에 많은 측면을 간과할 가능성이 있다. 또한 방법론적으로 일방향의 시각만을 고려했고, 횡단적 조사를 통하고 국내의 한 서비스제공업체와 관련이 있는 컨텐츠 공급파트너만의 시각을 검증했기 때문에 해석에서 유의할 필요가 있다. 또한 타당성확보 노력을 기하였지만 측정도구 면에서 엄격한 개발과정을 준수하지는 못했다. 향후에는 모바일 컨텐츠 파트너의 기업의 특성을 조사하여 관계성 변수와의 상호관련연구를 진행할 필요가 있다. 관계기간, 의존성, 거래처의 단/복수여부, 서비스 범주 등의 제반 변수를 고려하여 이러한 변수가 양사와의 관계성 변수에 어떤 영향이 있는가를 검증할 필요가 있다. 또한 신뢰, 결속 등 다차원의 개념에 대한 심도 깊은 연구와 최근 제기되고 있는 이론의 확대도 필요하다