• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.372-375
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 1979

The basic problem of the broiler industry is that of fluctuating prices, mainly thanks to unstable supply of and inelastic demand for products as usually indicated as a peculiarity of agricultural commodities. This particularly brings the producer to a great economic risk, because he has to sell products under the condition of pure competition, whereas others from whom he has to buy deal under the condition of oligopoly or even monopoly. Therefore, producers economic position is generally placed in the worst comparing others dealing with, which results in unbalanced economic status of elements involved in broiler operation and further obstruction of industry development as a whole. A certain type of business coordination to overcome such a problem should be measured in order to improve the efficiency of entire operation and thus assure the balanced industry development. The concept of the economic integration developed in modern business system had been adapted to U.S. poultry industry which became common later around the world as a means of stabilizing producers price and whole industry as well. There are two main typos of integration; horizontal and vertical The former refers to the general grouping of similar business units, eg. a hatchery tying with other hatchery, while the latter refers to the knitting together of two or more stages of economic activities, eg. tying together among units of hatching, fled milling, production, processing and marketing. By having the industry integrated, risk and uncertainty involved in various stages of operation could be diversified. The typo of integrating contract between producers and integrators include the share of profits, flat fee payment, feed conversion payment and salary basis. In the U.S., extensive changes in production, processing, and marketing during the last few decades have changed the thicken broiler industry from one of small, widely scattered farms to one that is largo, concentrated and efficient. More than 99 percent of all broilers produced are grown under contract and by integrated firms which vary in size of operation and complexity. About 84 percent of all production is concentrated in 10 States. Some of the other factors ;hat contributed to these choses arc costs, energy use, prices, processing, marketing and demand. No integrated broiler production system has yet been applied in Korea's poultry industry, thus all stages all broiler operation run independently seeking for its own profit. Consequently, producers price fluctuate very widely around the year even more than 50 percent in a few months. This also leads to disadvantages of material supplies, processors and distributors and enforce the industry unstable. The current economic environment in Korea seems that the time for broiler integration comes and as an ideal integrator, feed millers, food processors and producers group may be considered.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2012

This study was examined the optimization of processing conditions for taste-assurance factors of boiled Korean native chicken (KNC) through response surface methodology. The effects of two independent variables, including heating time ($X_1$) and water volume ($X_2$), were investigated using central composite design. Hypoxanthine content, lipid oxidation, texture, and sensory results were chosen as dependent variable. Results showed high reliability on hypoxanthine and texture property in leg meat (not breast meat) of boiled KNC. Statistical modeling revealed that 3.5 folds of added water (v/w) based on chicken weight and 73.5 min of cooking time was the optimum for producing characteristic taste and textural properties from the leg meat of KNC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1796-1804
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• 2016

The high incidence of deaths during transport for slaughter is associated with poor welfare and represents a considerable loss to the poultry industry. In the period from 2009 to 2014, all shipments of broiler chickens to poultry processing plants were monitored in the Czech Republic and the numbers of chickens transported and those dying as a result of their transport were recorded and analysed. Overall transport-related mortality of broiler chickens transported for slaughter in the Czech Republic was 0.37%. It ranged from 0.31% to 0.72%, the increase approximately corresponding to the increasing transport distance. Statistically highly significant (p<0.001) differences were found when comparing transport-related mortality rates in individual seasons of the year. The greatest mortality (0.55%) was associated with transports carried out in winter months whereas the lowest death losses (0.30%) were found in chickens transported for slaughter in summer months. Our study revealed greater transport-related mortality rates in broiler chickens transported for slaughter in the Czech Republic than expected when considering earlier studies. The most pronounced increases were found in transports for shorter distances and in winter months. However, an increase was found at all transport distances monitored except for distances exceeding 300 km and all seasons except for summer. Furthermore, a general increasing tendency in chicken losses during the monitored period was found. The particularly alarming finding is that the mortality of broiler chickens being transported to processing plants has been showing a long-term increasing tendency over the last two decades. Further research should focus on the identification of specific factors leading to such high and growing mortality rates and developing practical guidelines to improve the welfare of the birds in transit accordingly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.755-764
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• 1996

A multispectral imaging system with selected wavelength optical filter was demonstrated feasible for food safety inspection. Intensified multispectral images of carcasses were obtained with visible/near-infrared optical filters(542-847 nm wavelengths) and analyzed. The analysis of textural features based on co-occurrence matrices was conducted to determine the feasibility of a multispectral image analyses for discriminating unwholesome poultry carcasses from wholesome carcasses. The mean angular second moment of the wholesome carcasses scanned at 542 nm wavelength was lower than that of septicemic (P$\leq$0.0005) and cadaver(P$\leq$0.0005) carcasses. On the other hand, for the carcasses scanned at 700nm wavelength , the feature values of septicemic and cadaver carcasses were significantly (P$\leq$0.0005) different from wholesome carcasses. The discriminant functions for classifying poultry carcasses into three classes (wholesome, septicemic , cadaver) were developed using linear and quadr tic covariance matrix analysis method. The accuracy of the quadratic discriminant models, expressed in rates of correct classification, were over 90% for the classification of wholesome, septicemic, and cadaver carcasses when textural features from the spectral images scanned at the wavelength of 542 and 700nm were utilized.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

The demand for traceability of meat and livestock supply chains is growing due to the high-profile incidents of hormonal contamination. E. coli, dioxin, BSE, and antibiotics have been recorded. In this paper, we present blockchain-based poultry information management system design and implementation using Hyperledger Fabric. The proposed system offers accurate, decentralized, immutable and consensus process that promote trust and transparency between stakeholders. The main tasks of the system include the recording of the information associated with poultry rearing (from a hatchery to a farm), status report of the farm activities on a monthly basis. The system can track movement of docks through the supply chain until delivery to the final consumer through the retail outlet. The ability to trace the source of livestock product through all the stages of rearing/production, processing and distribution is essential for ensuring food safety as recall of contaminated product can easily be done thereby increasing consumer confidence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 1992

The Louisiana crawfish industry comprises the largest concentration of crustacean aquaculture in the United States. Processing plants throughout the culture region annually generate as much as 80 million pounds of peeling waste during recovery of the 15% (by weight) edible tail meat. A commercial oil extraction process for recovery of carotenoid astaxanthin from crawfish waste has been developed. Crawfish pigment in its various forms finds applications as a source of red intensifying agents for use in aquaculture and poultry industries. Crawfish shell, separated in the initial pigment extraction step, is an excellent source of chitin. Applicable physicochemical procedures for isolation of chitin from crawfish shell and its conversion to chitosan have been developed. Crawfish chitosan has been demonstrated to be both an effective coagulant and ligand-exchange column material , respectively, for recovery of valuable organic compounds from seafood processing wastewater.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.18
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• 2022

Background: Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives: To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods: The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results: All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions: These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 1988

Meat color, general composition and Putting force of Korean native Ogol fowls were investigated. These results were as follows. The contents of moisture and crude protein were higher in breast than in thigh. However, the contents of crude fat and fiber were higher in thigh than in breast. There were no significant differences in these contents with weeks of age. L, a, b value of Korean native Ogol fowls were showed grey by Hunter Color Solid. Cutting force of thigh was greater than that of breast. Also, cutting force of male was greater than that of female. Those cutting forces were increased as weeks of age increased.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.67-88
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• 2003

The consumption of poultry meat (chicken and turkey) grew the most during the past few decades due to several contributing factors such as low price. product research and development. favorable meat characteristics, responsive to consumer needs, vertical integration and industry consolidation, new processing equipments and technology, and aggressive marketing. The major processing technologies developed and used in chicken processing include forming/restructuring, tumbling, curing, smoking, massaging, injection, marination, emulsifying, breading, battering, shredding, dicing, and individual quick freezing. These processing technologies were applied to various parts of chicken including whole carcass. Product developments using breast, thigh, and mechanically separated chicken meat greatly increased the utilization of poultry meat. Chicken breast became the symbol of healthy food, which made chicken meat as the most frequent menu items in restaurants. However, the use of and product development for dark meat, which includes thigh, drum, and chicken wings were rather limited due to comparatively high fat content in dark meat. Majority of chicken are currently sold as further processed ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat forms. Major quality issues in chicken meat include pink color problems in uncured cooked breast, lipid oxidation and off-flavor, tenderness PSE breast, and food safety. Research and development to ensure the safety and quality of raw and cooked chicken meat using new processing technologies will be the major issues in the future as they are now. Especially, the application of irradiation in raw and cooked chicken meat products will be increased dramatically within next 5 years. The market share of ready-to-eat cooked meat products will be increased. More portion controlled finished products, dark meat products, and organic and ethnic products with various packaging approaches will also be introduced.