• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-68
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to examine how dimensions of socialization practice and relationship quality may function to manage or increase parent-adolescent conflict. Of particular concern was to examine the comparative efficacy of potential predictors of parent-adolescent conflict across three cultural groups consisting of samples from Mainland China, Russia, and the U.S. as well as across gender-of-parent/gender-of-adolescent dyads from each culture. Findings from a sample of 1,365 adolescents indicated that adolescents' perceptions of parental influences on parent-adolescent conflict differ across cultural groups and gender-of-adolescent. The use of punitive behavior by parents was the strongest and most consistent predictor of parent-adolescent conflict across all cultural groups and gender dyads, suggesting that a general pattern exists for punitiveness to increase parent-adolescent conflict cross-culturally. Perceptions of support, monitoring, conformity to parents, and autonomy from parents influenced parent-adolescent conflict within some of the cultures and selectively for adolescent boys and girls.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.857-862
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• 2009

We model lattice-mismatched group III-V semiconductor $In_{x}Ga_{1-x}$ alloys with the three-parameter anharmonic Kirkwood-Keating potential, which includes realistic distortion effect by introducing anharmonicity. Although the potential parameters were determined based on optical properties of the binary parent alloys InAs and GaAs, simulated dielectric functions, reflectance, and Raman spectra of alloys agree excellently with experimental data for any arbitrary atomic composition. For a wide range of atomic composition, InAs- and GaAs-bond retain their respective properties of binary parent crystals despite lattice and charge mismatch. It implies that use of the anharmonic Kirkwood-Keating potential may provide an optimal model system to investigate diverse and unique optical properties of quantum dot heterostructures by circumventing potential parameter searches for particular local structures.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

This study has focused on the transfer of infants and Toddlers-protecting responsibilities from families to infants and Toddlers education agencies due to an increase of a double-income family and nuclear family. It is because there is insufficient safe play space from the moment when infants and Toddlers return from infants and Toddlers education agencies to home due to a high crowding of housing and increase of vehicle, and there can be difficulties to take responsibilities of infants and Toddlers safety with a mere recognition and effort of parent. Thus, to suggest a safety education through mutual contact between the communities and agencies supporting parent role in a level of social welfare, its potential has been identified through a frequency analysis on 60 participants of experimental group who have trained a safety education and 60 participants of control group who have not trained a safety education. As a result of frequency analysis, the increase in safety condition in Korea, safety and development of infants and Toddlers, safety of play materials, and safety knowledge on general part of facility safety has detected and the practice of safety and safety consciousness has also identified to be more effective. The results of this study has shown a potential to verify its efficacy if it is verified through an elaborative model of safety education based on parents of young infants and Toddlers family.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2011

The potential for brand dilution occurs when new brands merge with an identical image of a parent brand. Despite the significant attention regarding the effects of dilution on brand extension, there is limited research on brand dilution in the beauty industry. This study analyzes the effect of the typicality of extensional type on brand attitude or purchase intention for potential dilution toward beauty brand extension. In addition, we examine the moderating effect of knowledge transfer when customers evaluate the typicality of the extensional type for potential dilution toward beauty brand extensions. For the experiment, 4 description type factorial designs were performed. A total of 219 students participated in the experiment who had experience of visiting a beauty salon. The results are as follows. First, there are significant independent and interaction effects between the typicality and extensional type that reveals differential influences on the attitude or purchase intentions toward extended beauty brands. Second, the knowledge of the parent brand is transferred to extended brands. Third, there is a significant moderating effect of knowledge transfer, as customers evaluate the typicality of the extensional type for the potential dilution toward beauty brand extension. This study provides some theoretical and practical perspectives with some limitations.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to implement a child abuse prevention program and evaluate its effectiveness based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills Training Model for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods: This study had a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measures and three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessions child abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy to six weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience, maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-child during feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman's test. Results: Maternal attitude and parent-child interaction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to before intervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared to before intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Additionally, resilience and child abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effective in preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions. Conclusion: This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic intervention as coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful in that interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers at high risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartum periods, to prevent child abuse early.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.363-384
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• 2017

The Korean government implemented better support for adolescent single-parent families by expanding the coverage of the Single-parent Family Support Act in 2010. In order to understand the effect, this study verified the moderating effect of the single-parent family policy's support for child rearing in the context of adolescent female single-parent's stress levels and education sustainability. This study utilized part of the National Youth Policy Institute's 'Research on the Actual Condition of the Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth and Rearing Children'. Participants of the study were 248 adolescent single-parents aged 24 and below. The findings and discussion of this study are as follows. First, the stress level of adolescent female single-parent in continuing studies was lower than those for discontinued studies. Students who discontinued their education in the middle of studies showed an increase in life stress level relative to age because they had a low level of education and had discontinued studies before pregnancy. Second, the public nanny service has been verified as an element to increase the continuation of education by controlling the level of stress. It is advisable to fortify and expand the scope of support for childcare services in the form of a study assistant or child education assistant. Last, adolescent single-parent childcare subsidies have been verified as a direct factor that raised the meaningful level of education continuity potential to a meaningful standard that can be seen as a more effective method than general policy support for single-parent families.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.692-700
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• 2005

In this study. investigated the effect of shot peening on the corrosion of SAE 5155 steel immersed in $3.5\%$ NaCl solution and corrosion characteristics by the heat treatment during shot peening process. The immersion test was Performed on the four kinds of specimens. Corrosion Potential, polarization curve, residual stress etc. were investigated from experimental results. From these test results, the effect of shot peening on the corrosion was evaluated The important results of the experimental study on the effects of shot peened SAE 5155 on the corrosion are as follows; Shot peened specimens show the low of corrosion current as compared with un peened specimens. In the case of corrosion potential, shot Peened specimen shows more negative Potential as compared with that of parent metal Surface of specimen, which is treated with shot peening Process. is Placed as more activated state against inner parent metal. Corrosion rate is shown that shot Peened specimens have less corrode than un peened specimens. But non heat treated shot peened specimens show the biggest weight loss owing to variable compressive residual stress layer by shot ball.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.423-435
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• 2021

Although existing algorithms can predict wind speed using historical observation data, for engineering feasibility, most use moment methods and probability density functions to estimate fitted parameters. However, extreme wind speed prediction accuracy for long-term return periods is not always dependent on how the optimized frequency distribution curves are obtained; long-term return periods emphasize general distribution effects rather than marginal distributions, which are closely related to potential extreme values. Moreover, there are different wind speed parent sample types; how to theoretically select the proper extreme value distribution is uncertain. The influence of different sampling time intervals has not been evaluated in the fitting process. To overcome these shortcomings, updated steps are introduced, involving parameter sensitivity analysis for different sampling time intervals. The extreme value prediction accuracy of unknown parent samples is also discussed. Probability analysis of mean wind is combined with estimation of the probability plot correlation coefficient and the maximum likelihood method; an iterative estimation algorithm is proposed. With the updated steps and comparison using a Monte Carlo simulation, a fitting policy suitable for different parent distributions is proposed; its feasibility is demonstrated in extreme wind speed evaluations at Longhua and Chuansha meteorological stations in Shanghai, China.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2021

Background: Researchers have previously commenced examining the degree of concordance between parent proxy and child self-reports on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of many disease and impairment populations. Objects: To explore the differences between parent proxy and child self-reports on the HRQOL using Korean version of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires for applying to elementary school children and their parents who participated for a school-based wellness program. Methods: The focus groups were recruited for a school-based wellness program by implementing the following wellness services: 1) referring to a screening session for detecting potential posture-related musculoskeletal problems and 2) recommending home exercise programs. Before a primary field testing for the program, two focus groups were formed with a group of 9 parents and their 9 elementary school children aged 8-10 years of age. The parent proxy and child self-report versions of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were administered to both groups after completion of the wellness program. Item level Rasch rating scale analysis was applied to compute logit scales of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatterplot of item difficulty between two reports were analyzed. Results: For fit statistics of parent proxy report, all items except 4 items (i.e., psychological well-being, mood/emotions, self-perception, parent relation) were found to be acceptable. For fit statistics of child self-report, all items except 3 items (i.e., psychological well-being, autonomy and home life) were acceptable. The relationship between two reports using ICCs were ranging from weak to very strong at p = 0.05 (i.e, ICCs = 0.011 to 0.905). Scatterplot analysis between two reports showed a major disparity on self-perception item at 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Both item level analyses and ICC comparisons provided a disparity between parent proxy and child self-reports of the HRQOL on self-perception item after competing a school-based wellness program. Therapist should consider the item as part of the HRQOL assessment.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

Purpose: To assess parent perspectives of the current and potential future tests for their child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: New Zealand parents of a child with IBD were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Experiences relating to their child's blood or faecal tests, medical imaging (abdominal ultrasound [US], abdominal computerised tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance enterography) and colonoscopy were collected. Perceived attitudes to potential future testing of urine, saliva, and breath, were sought. Results: Twenty-eight parents, 93% female completed the survey, and 86% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Baseline information was provided by parents for 27 of 28 children, 70.3% had Crohn's disease with a mean disease duration of 2.67 years. Blood tests were the most requested and completed tests, while CT was the least ordered and most refused test. Colonoscopy was rated as the least comfortable and generated the most worry. Explanation of test significantly improved parent's levels of understanding when their child had blood, faecal, imaging (US) or colonoscopy tests. Providing an explanation, test invasiveness and the impact of the blood results may have on their child's treatment significantly improved parents' comfort levels. However, explanation of colonoscopy generated a significant parental concerns. Saliva, urine and blood tests were chosen as the most preferred disease monitoring tests. Conclusion: Parents preferred any tests less invasive than colonoscopy for monitoring their child's IBD. Although providing explanation of their child's tests enhanced parents' understanding, it can also affect parents' levels of concern and comfort.