• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1968

The appearance rates of antipyrine and urea into cerebrospinal fluid from blood were studied in the rabbits which were in the state of hypotension and of high permeability in the capillary beds following injection of histamine. The alteration in the distribution of electrolytes among various compartments of the brain and the permeability characteristics in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier were also observed. Adult male rabbits, weighing around 2 kg, were used. Twenty four rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Besides the control group, histamine treated rabbits were categorized into 2 groups. $H_1$ consisted of the rabbits showing moderate responses to histamine and ranging from 62 to 80 mmHg in their mean anterial blood pressure. The animals which belong to $H_2-group$ showed severe responses to histamine and the mean anterial blood pressures dropped to 30-50 mmHg. Animals were anesthetized with nembutal, 30mg/kg i.v. The mean arterial blood pressure was read by means of the mercury manometer connected to the femoral artery. The animals, treated with histamine, were kept in hypotensive state at least for 40 minutes before the administration of the test-substances. The test-substances, 300 mg of urea and 200 mg of antipyrine, were dissolved in 3 ml of distilled water and were injected into the ear vein of the rabbit. After 10 minutes elapsed arterial blood sample was taken from the femoral artery and cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna. Brain tissues were also analysed with respect to electrolytes in order to observe the disturbances in the electrolytes balance as well as in the function of the central nervous system. The results obtained were as follow: 1. The ratio of antipyrine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid to that of arterial blood plasma, that was the distribution ratio, was close to unity, revealing a well established equilibrium between the compartments of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in 10 minutes. In other words, there was no diffusion barrier with regard to antipyrine. The ratios over unity which were frequently seen in the histamine treated animals were attributable to the early penetration of the substance into the cerebrospinal fluid. 2. The appearance rates of urea into the cerebrospinal fluid in the histamine treated rabbits were higher in comparison with those of in the control animals. The increasing tendency in the rates was particularly remarkable in the $H_2-group$, showing the enhanced penetration of urea across the boondary. 3. In the htisamine treated $H_2-group$ the concentration of potassium in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid well exceeded the control values and showed 8.5 and 9.0 mEq/l in average, respectively. Simultaneous drops in the brain tissue water were noticed, suggesting the leakage of intracellular potassium. 4. There was a coincidence in the rising pattern of potassium in the blood plasma and in the cerebrospinal fluid of $H_2-group$ and at least partial removal of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier with respect to potassium was suggested in these animals. 5. The concentration of sodium in the blood plasma or in the cerebrospinal fluid showed no significant changes following histamine injection. However, sodium in the brain tissue revealed slight elevation in the histamine treated groups. 6. The ratios of the concentrations of potassium to those of sodium, [K]/[Na] in the brain tissues, were 1.92 in the control 1.82 in the $H_1$ and 1.52 in the $H_2-group$, respectively. The marked drop in the $H_2-group$ might represent neural dysfunction in the extremely hypotensive rabbits.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 1982

봉나무의 생육(生育)에 적합(適合)한 $NO_3$-N과 $NH_4$-N의 공급비율(供給比率)과 이들 비율(比率)에 따른 뽕잎중의 이온균형(均衡)의 변화(変化)를 알고져 $NO_3/NH_4$비(比)를 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10의 5개처리로 한 수경재배시험(水耕栽培試験)을 수행(遂行)한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 뽕나무의 생육에 가장 좋은 $NO_3/NH_4$비(比)는 7:3이었다. 2. $NH_4$-N의 공급비율(供給比率)이 증가(増加)됨에 따라 엽중(葉中)의 Ca함량(含量)은 감소(減少)하였으나, K함량(含量)은 증가(増加)하였고 Mg함량(含量)은 변동이 거의 없었다. Ca함량감소(含量減少)는 K의 증가량(増加量)을 능가(凌駕)하여 양이온의 합(合)(${\sum}C$)은 감소(減少)하였다. 3. $NH_4$-N의 공급비율(供給比率)이 증가(増加)됨에 따라 엽중(葉中)의 $H_2PO_4$, $SO_4$, Cl등의 함량(含量)은 증가되었으며, 이중에서 $H_2PO_4$의 증가폭(増加幅)이 가장 컸다. 따라서 음이온의 합(${\sum}A$)은 증가(増加)되었으며, 양(陽)이온과 음(陰)이온의 차(C-A)는 $NH_4$-N 공급율(供給率)이 0%에서 100%로 증가(増加)됨에 따라 727me/kgDM에서 116me/kgDM으로 떨어졌다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

농경지내 유입된 다양한 양분원의 양분수지에 대한 정보는 농경지의 지속성을 평가하는데 매우 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구는 질소, 인산 및 칼리의 양분수지를 알아보기 위하여 2005년부터 2007년까지 5작기 동안 인도네시아 서자바섬 Eutric Hapludand에 있는 채소유기재배포장에서 수행되었다. 유기자원으로 우분, 염소분, 계분 및 마분 등 가축분퇴비, 티토니아, 식물잔사 및 크로타라리아 등 10개의 처리를 완전임의구획배치 3반복으로 하였으며, 유기자원의 시용량은 작물반응에 따라 매 작기별로 달리 처리되었다. 가축분퇴비를 ha당 20톤 이상 시용하였을 때, 질소, 인산 및 칼리에 대하여 양의 양분수지를 보였다. 식물잔사를 ha당 20~25톤 또는 티토니아 퇴비를 ha당 5톤 시용하였을 때, 칼리는 음의 양분수지를 나타냈다. 토양 중 유효인산함량은 ha당 25톤 이상의 가축분 퇴비처리에서 증가하였으며, 특히 계분퇴비구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 결국, 작물의 수량은 질소, 인산 및 칼리함량이 높았던 계분퇴비구에서 가장 높았으며, 식물잔사처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 가축분퇴비의 ha당 12.5톤 시용, 가축분퇴비(12.5톤/ha)와 티토니아 혼합처리 및 티토니아와 식물잔사 혼합퇴비처리구의 작물수량은 ha당 25톤의 가축분퇴비를 시용한 처리구와 비교하였을 때 현저히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 장기적인 관점으로 볼 때, ha당 25톤의 우분, 염소분 및 마분퇴비 또는 ha당 20톤의 계분퇴비 시용은 유기농 채소생산을 위해 필요로 하는 토양의 비옥도를 유지하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.260-272
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• 2010

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects' outcomes after a nutrition education (once/week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDLcholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$ and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.102-115
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• 2018

Objectives: Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul. Methods: The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method. Results: The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; '${\geq}5times/week$ (n=160)', '1-4 times/week (n=327)', and 'breakfast skipping (n=168)'. The 'breakfast skipping' group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the 'breakfast skipping' group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the 'breakfast skipping' group and other groups, but the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the 'breakfast skipping' group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the '${\geq}5times/week$' group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the 'breakfast skipping' group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group. Conclusions: The 'breakfast skipping' group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.198-205
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• 1982

'80년 전북지방에 래습한 이상저온 현상이 수도생육 및 양분흡수 특히 지엽과 인각의 무기성분 조성에 지대와 품종간에 반응하는 정도를 알고자 본 시험을 수행하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 지대별 냉온에 의한 출수반응은 품종간의 차가 인정되었는데 특히 표고가 높아질수록 일본형 품종에 비하여 통일형 품종이 출수지연이 심하였다. 통일형 품종 중에서도 밀양 4002, 한강찰벼 등은 출수지연 폭이 커 지연형냉해에 약한 품종으로 인정된다. 2. 저온에 의한 출수지연은 불임을 야기시키며 임실과 등숙비율은 품종의 내냉성, 표고에 영향을 받아 수량을 감수시킨다. 3. 냉해에 의해 불임율이 높은 품종은 지엽중의 전질소함유율은 많으나 가리와 규산함유율은 상대적으로 낮아지는 상관관계를 보인다. 4. 냉해에 의해 유기된 불임인과 정상적인 임실인의 인각중에 흡수축적된 양분과의 관계는 불임인각일수록 전질소함량이 현저히 높고 가리와 규산은 낮은데 비해 임실인각은 불임인각과는 반대로 전질소함량이 낮고 가리와 규산의 함량은 높아 이들이 임실에 어떤 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 여겨지며 품종의 내냉성과도 깊은 관련성을 가지고 있다고 보여진다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

To examine the effects of alcohol consumption on body fluid restoration and fat mobilization following exercise induced dehydration, nine healthy collegiate men ($24{\pm}2yrs,\;177{\pm}5cm,\;72{\pm}8kg,\;10.5{\pm}2.3%$ body fat) underwent three experiments. In each experiment, subjects ran on a treadmill to reduce individual body mass to $2.2{\pm}0.1%$ and consumed one of three beverages containing 0, 4, or 8% alcohol over 60 min followed by 4 hr of resting recovery. They consumed approximately 150% of weight loss $(2053{\pm}204,\;2091{\pm}149,\;and\;1943{\pm}295mL)$ and content of alcohol was $9.9{\pm}1.0(0%),\;71.9{\pm}5.1(4%)$, and $132.2{\pm}20.1g$ (8% trial). Body weight, urine volume and samples, blood samples, and thirst sensation were measured five times; at baseline, immediately after exercise, and 0, 1st, and 4th hr of recovery. Blood alcohol concentration after ingestion was $0.0{\pm}0.0(0%),\;0.1{\pm}0.02(4%)$, and $0.2{\pm}0.03%$ (8% trial). No differences in blood sodium and potassium concentrations, and urine specific gravity were noticed over time periods and trials. Thirst sensation tended to be elevated in all trials immediately after exercises and urine output was elevated during the recovery. The magnitude of changes in these variables was proportional to the alcohol concentrations, but not statistically significant. While serum osmolality was not different among trials and time periods in 0 and 4% trials, it was higher during recovery than the baseline in the 8% trial (P<0.01). Triglycerides did not change throughout the time period and among trials. Free fatty acids were elevated after exercise in all trials and 4th hr of recovery in 0% (P<0.05). Subjects' net body fluid balance at 4th hr of recovery was negatively maintained and proportional to alcohol concentrations. Only 8% trials showed a significant reduction at 1st and 4th hr of recovery compared to 0 hr. The results suggested that diuretic effect of alcohol after moderate level of dehydration appeared dose dependent, but beverage containing alcohol up to 4% did not induce impaired rehydration than alcohol free drinks. Alcohol effects on fat mobilization during recovery appeared to be minimal and the mechanism is unclear.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine height, weight. chest circumference, sitting height, hematological status. eating behaviors and nutrient intakes for the lower grade primary school children in Gwangju. The subjects consisted of 76 boys and 60 girls aged 9 years old. Height, Weight, Chest circumference, Sitting height, Hct, WBC, RBC, Hb, serum GOT, GPT and cholesterol were measured. With regard to regularity of meal time, 66.7% of the subjects has been 'regular'. With regaled to amount of eaten food, 100.0% of the subjects has been 'moderate'. With regard to nutritional balance, 66.6% of the subjects has been 'think,but do not practice'. The study also found that 100.0% of the subjects skipped breakfast, liked korean food. Their dietary intake vase assesed for 1 day by means of 24 hours dietary recall method. The mean energy intake of the subjects was 1,306 kcal. The subjects consumed 47.9g protein, 28.8g lipid, 3.9g fiber, 446.9mg calcium, 835.0mg phosphorous, 7.9mg iron, 3,721mg sodium, 1.863mg potassium, 362.3RE retinol, 0.8mg thiamin, 1.1mg riboflavin, 10.8NE niacin, 93.9mg ascorbic acrid and 173.5mg cholesterol respectively. Energy, protein, calcium, iron, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intake was lower than the Korean RDA. There were positive correlations between meal time and protein intake or fat intake or fiber intake or iron intake or retinol intake : negative correlations between meal time and sodium intake negative correlations between saltiness and cholesterol intake positive correlations between use of perilla seeds and riboflavin intake or niacin intake : negative correlations between energy intake or carbohydrate intake or phosphorous intake : negative correlations between frequency of eating-out and protein intake or fat intake or fiber intake or iron intake or retinol intake or thiamin intake or riboflavin intake or niacin intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

Dietary peptides have recently received attention regarding their beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism since the caseinphosphoptides obtained from casein hydrolysate are generally believed to enhance the intestinal absorption of Ca. The two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various hydrolyzed fractions of gluten on Ca bioavailability. The gluten hydrolysate of dietary components was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten whereas gluten hydrolysate supernationt and its precipiate resulted from centrifugation. In experiment I, the rats were for 4 weeks fed the 4 kinds of diets containing same amount of nitrogen and calories and diffeing only in the forms of nitrogen sources. The diets were gluten (G), gluten hydrolysat(GH), gluten hydrolysate supernatant(GHS) and gluten hydrolysate precipitatie(GHP). Determination was made for the body weight gain, serum Ca concentration, Ca solubility in small intestinal contents, bone weight, length and stength, bone ash and Ca content, and Ca balance, respectively. No significant difference was noticed as regards growth, serum Ca, and bone dimension and Ca content among rat groups. More significant increase was observed with regard to Ca absorption and intestinal solubility in the rats receiving the GH or GHS diet which containe crude gluten peptides, than in those subjected to G or GHP diet. In experiment II, in vitro determination for Ca solubility was made to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the effects of gluten peptides on Ca absorption. The 10mM Ca in potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) incubated for 3 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ by the GHS fraction, was observed to be capable of increasing the Ca solubility at 5-25mg/ml concentration of gluten peptides. These observations suggest that the gluten peptides from gluten hydrolysate may enhance the Ca absorption efficiency by increasing the solubility of Ca in small intestine.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2006

저나트륨혈증은 항암화학요법 중에 발생하는 전해질 장애 중의 하나이며, 조기에 발견하여 치료하지 않을 경우 급사할 수 있다. 저나트륨혈증을 유발하는 여러 원인중에 항이뇨호르몬과다분비증후군(syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, SIADH)이 항암화학요법을 시행받은 환자들에게서 발생하였다고 보고되고 있다. SIADH를 유발하는 항암제는 아직까지 몇 가지 외에는 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 본 예는 위암으로 위전절제술, 비장절제술, 횡행결장구역절제술을 시행 받은 55세 여자로 수술 후 복막전이가 발견되어 S-1 ($80\;mg/m^{2}$)과 cisplatin ($60\;mg/m^{2}$)을 이용한 항암화학요법 중 SIADH가 발생하였다. 환자는 3% 생리식염수를 투여한 후 저나트륨혈증이 정상화되어 퇴원하였다.