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Nutrient Balance and Vegetable Crop Production as Affected by Different Sources of Organic Fertilizers  

Agus, Fahmuddin (Indonesian Soil Research Institute)
Setyorini, Diah (Indonesian Soil Research Institute)
Hartatik, Wiwik (Indonesian Soil Research Institute)
Lee, Sang-Min (National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) RDA)
Sung, Jwa-Kyung (National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) RDA)
Shin, Jae-Hoon (National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) RDA)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer / v.42, no.1, 2009 , pp. 1-13 More about this Journal
Abstract
Understanding the net nutrient balance in a farming system is crucial in assessing the system's sustainability. We quantified N, P and K balances under vegetable organic farming in a Eutric Haplud and in West Java, Indonesia in five planting seasons from 2005 to 2007. The ten treatments and three replications, arranged in a completely randomized block design, included single or combined sources of organic fertilizers: barnyard manure, compos ts or green manures. The organic matter rates were adjusted every planting season depending on the previous crop responses. The result sshowed that the application of ${\geq}20$ t $ha^{-1}$ barnyard manure per crop resulted in positive balances of N, P, and K, except in the second crops of 2006 where potassium balance were -25 to -11 kg $ha^{-1}$ under the treatments involving cattle barnyard manure, because of low K content of these treatments and high K uptake by Chinese cabbage. Application of 20 to 25 t $ha^{-1}$ of plant residue or 5 t $ha^{-1}$ of Tithonia compost also resulted in a negative K balance. Soil available P increased significantly under ${\geq}25$ t $ha^{-1}$ barnyard manure and that under chicken manure had the highest available P. Accordingly, chicken barnyard manure gave the highest crop yield because of relatively higher N, P, and K contents. Plant residues gave the lowest yield due to the lowest nutrient content among all sources. Reducing the use of barnyard manure to 12.5 t $ha^{-1}$ and substituting it with Tithonia compost, Tithonia green manure or vegetable plant residue compost gave insignificantly different yield compared to the application of 25 t $ha^{-1}$ barnyard manure singly. In the long run, application of 25 t ha-1 cattle, goat, and horse manure or about 20 t $ha^{-1}$ chicken manure is recommendable for sustaining the fertility of this Andisol for vegetable production.
Keywords
Nutrient balance; vegetable crops; barnyard manure; organic farming; Andisol;
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