• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

After oral administration of various drinking solutions, the initial absorption rate of water through gastrointestinal tract of the rabbits was evaluated using tritinated water $(^3H_2O)$ as a marker to develop the sports drinking beverage for Korean people. The polynomial curve fitting over 20 min was performed using computer program to obtain the initial absorption rate of water from the tangent line of the fitted equation because initial absorption rate of water was more critical compared to elimination rate during exercise. The amount of water absorbed was increased but a large variation was observed among testing preparations in a small study group $(2{\leq}n{\leq}6)$. The initial absorption rate of water from isotonic sports drinking beverages was statistically significant when compared to hypertonic cola but was not significant when compared to hypotonic solutions (potable water and barley water). In case of hypertonic sports dringking beverages (i.e. Takeda), initial absorption rate of water was not improved and efficient when compared to other isotonic sports dringking beverages. The initial absorption rate of water from prescribed isotonic sample solution containing electrolytes, carbohydrates, and vitamins was not statistically significant when compared to other isotonic drinking beverages but showed similar absorption profile. It was obvious that isotonic solutions simultaneously containing electrolytes, vitamins and carbohydrates (sugar and glucose) had a tendency to increase the initial absorption of water compared to hypotonic (potable water and barley water) and hypertonic preparations (orange juice and cola). Although statistical significance of initial absorption rate of water between isotonic sports drinking beverages and hypotonic potable and barley water was not observed, unlike the hypertonic solutions, isotonic sports drinking beverages may aid not only to replenish loss of water, electrolytes and other nutrients during the exercise but also to prevent dehydration and muscle fatigue, resulting in improved physical performance in an exhausted condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.473-480
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• 2020

High-pressure membrane system like nanofiltration(NF) and reverse osmosis(RO) was investigated as a part of water treatment processes to produce high quality potable water with low organic matter concentration through membrane module tests and design simulation. River water and sand filtration permeate in Busan D water treatment plant were selected as feed water, and NE4040-90 and RE4040-Fen(Toray Chemical Korea) were used as NF and RO membranes, respectively. Total organic carbon(TOC) concentrations of NF and RO permeates were mostly below 0.5 mg/l and the average TOC removal rates of NF and RO membranes were 93.99% and 94.28%, respectively, which means NF used in this study is competitive with RO in terms of organic matter removal ability. Different from ions rejection tendency, the TOC removal rate increases at higher recovery rates, which is because the portion of higher molecular weight materials in the concentrated raw water with increasing recovery rate increases. Discharge of NF/RO concentrates to rivers may not be acceptable because the increased TDS concentration of the concentrates can harm the river eco-system. Thus, the idea of using NF/RO concentrate as the raw water for industrial water production was introduced. The design simulation results with feed water and membranes used in this work reveal that the raw water guideline can be satisfied if the recovery rate of NF/RO system is designed below 80%.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

Excessive precipitation, drought, heat waves, strong typhoons and rising sea levels are just some of the common indicators of climate change. In the Philippines, excessive precipitation never failed to devastate and drown the streets of Metro Manila, a highly urbanized and flood-prone area; such problems are expected to occur frequently. Moreover, the water supply of Metro Manila is dependent only to Angat Reservoir. Rainwater harvesting can serve as an alternative source of raw water and it can mitigate the effects of flooding. The harvested rainwater can be used for: potable consumption if filtered and disinfected; and non-potable consumptions (e.g., irrigation, flushing toilets, carwash, gardening, etc.) if used untreated. The rainfall data were gathered from all 5 rainfall stations located in Metro Manila namely: Science Garden, Port Area, Polo, Nangka and Napindan rain gauge stations. To be able to determine the potential volume of rainwater harvested and the potentiality of rainwater harvesting system as an alternate source of raw water; in this study, three different climatic conditions were considered, the dry, median and wet rainfall years. The frequent occurrence of cyclonic events in the Philippines brought significant amount of rainwater that causes flooding in the highly urbanized region of Metro Manila. Based from the results of this study, the utilization of rainwater harvesting system can serve as an alternative source of non-potable water for the community; and could also reduce the amount of surface runoff that could result to extreme flooding.

• 정보화사회
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• s.180
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• pp.18-19
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• 2006

동영상을 휴대형 기기로 볼 수 있게 고안된 PMP(Potable Multimedia Player)가 모바일 기기의 컨버전스화를 이끌 대표주자로 자리매김한 것은 그리 오래 되지 않았다. 현재도 '진행형'에 있다는 게 더 정확하다. 진행형에 있지만 최근 삼성전자가 시장에 동참했으며, 스카이 제품이 '대박' 조짐을 보이고 있어 시장 성숙에 탄력을 받고 있다. 삼성전자 이기태 사장이 "휴대폰의 진화방향은 PMP 기능을 흡수하는 것"이라고 말한 것이 실현되고 있는 것이다.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

Navigation이라고 하는 용어는 매우 다양한 분야에서 여러 가지 의미로 사용되고 있다. 예를 들어, 차량에 장착되어 운전자에게 지리 및 교통정보를 알려 주는 car navigation system, 미사일 등의 비행체가 원하는 곳으로 이동하기 위한 navigation system, PDA나 휴대폰 등 potable 전자기기의 입력을 위한 Pen입력장치에 사용되는 Pen궤적 추적 장치, 개인의 운동량을 측정하거나, 해저탐사, 등산 시 사용되는 personal navigation system, 가상현실게임 등 매우 다양한 분야에서 navigation 기술이 사용되고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.4-5
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• 2005

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.196-202
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• 1996

In this paper several advantage of RO/NF technologies have been described. However, it should be noted that membrane technology does not solve all the water treatment problems encountered in municipalities. Membranes can provide effective and highly optimized solutions when integrated with conventional technologies such as coagulation, sand filtration, and activated carbon treatments.

• 수도
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• s.27
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• pp.22-29
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• 1982

• 수도
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• s.28
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• pp.27-36
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• 1983

Oxidation process constitute an important and often indispensable measure in the reliable production of safe drinking water. Optimal introduction of oxidation processes into the treatment of drinking water requires an exact knowledge of the reactions taking place and of their interrelationships. It is the aim of this paper to review the necessary knowledge in summarized form.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-19
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• 1992