• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between postpartium joint diseases and maternal season. So it can prevent postpartum joint diseases and provide fundamental data about postpartum health care. Methods: The subject of the present study was 219 women (142 women who completed vaginal delivery and 77 women who delivered by cesarean section) who completed labor between November 1, 2013 and November 31, 2016, at the clinic of OB&GYN. They have been taking good care of their health at postpartum clinic in Andong Woori Women Hospital. We investigated the various symptoms and situation which occurred from the moment of hospital to postnatal admission health care period and oriental doctor examined the patients. We classified the symptoms by the age of patients, the method of delivery, the term of pregnancy, the body weight of infant, the weight change of mother and the way of feeding. Through data analysis, we investigated the correlation between maternal season and postpartum joint diseases. Results: Postpartum joint diseases were the most common among all symptoms after childbirth. Postpartum joint diseases were classified into shoulder area pain and low back pain. In low back pain, there was no significant difference between maternal season and postpartum joint diseases. In shoulder, wrist and finger pain, pain was the most severe at winter delivery. It was the most painful in winter, followed by autumn, spring and summer. Conclusion: There was a close correlation between postpartum joint disease manifestations and maternal season.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2007

Purpose: In postpartum period, women are very weak and liable to various diseases. So postpartum care is very important. But excessive heating and sweating cause postpartum diseases. Methods: The patient in this case, 37 years-old female was in Kyunghee University East-West neo medical center for 8days(27th/Oct/2006 - 3rd/Nov/2006). Her chief complains when she was admitted in the hospital were sweating, chilling, and mild dizziness. These symptoms were caused by excessive heating and sweating. We thought that her condition was deficiency of Qi. After giving her the therapies with herb medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, her symptoms got almost disappeared and her condition got better. Results: After the oriental medical treatment, the clinical symptom of postpartum disease was improved. Conclusion: This case study shows that excessive heating and sweating cause postpartum diseases and the oriental medical therapy is effective in treating postpartum disease. And the guideline of postpartum care is needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.171-186
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• 2007

Objective : No studies had been carried out to date on how Korean medicine practitioners recognize and treat postpartum diseases. Therefore, research on such issues by means of a questionnaire survey was expected to contribute to providing common ground and foundation far postpartum treatment. Methods : This study is based on a questionnaire survey administered to 200 doctors, consisting of 79 members of the Korean Society of Oriental Obstetrics & Gynecology and 121 Korean medicine practitioners, from May to September 2006. Items related to individual characteristics of Korean medicine practitioners and 20 objective items constituted the questionnaire, with every item of the questionnaire belonging to 6 greater categories that the author had categorized for the purpose of the study. Results : The result of the study showed what perspectives and clinical attitudes the majority of participating Korean medicine practitioners had in relation with postpartum diseases. On the basis of these findings, better common ground and systematic treatments can be developed to treat postpartum diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration of retained placenta (RP) on postpartum diseases and culling in dairy cows. Data were collected from 456 Holstein cows between 2008 and 2010. RP (${\geq}$ 24 h after parturition) and postpartum diseases were diagnosed by farm managers and a veterinarian according to standardized definitions. The overall incidence rate of RP was 14.0%, and the incidence rate of RP with fourth and higher parity was two times that of cows having offspring for the first time. The duration of RP was 2 to 15 days with a mean of 6.8 days, except for cases of fourth and higher parity which had a mean of 10.5 days. A total of 63% of cows with RP had postpartum diseases. Among the cows diagnosed with RP, 23.4% developed metritis, and of those, 35.3% developed endometritis or pyometra. A total of 25% (n = 16) cows with RP were culled within 60 days in milk (DIM) and of those culled, 75% (n = 12) had postpartum diseases. These results suggest that RP increases the risk of postpartum diseases such as metritis and mastitis and is a culling hazard up to 60 DIM.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.104-115
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to discuss the differential diagnosis of postpartum pain. Methods: In this study, postpartum pain cases reported in the Journal of Korean Medicine were investigated, and a case of postpartum patient who diagnosed syringomyelia was reported. Results: Patients with autoimmune diseases who complained of postpartum pain had a different course of treatment process and they had related family history. Patients with syringomyelia also differed from the usual treatment process. Conclusions: In patients with postpartum pain who differ from usual treatment process, differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease and syringomyelia is necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.34-58
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the interventions of Oriental Medicine which had been commonly used for postpartum disease and postpartum care. Methods: We searched research on the interventions for postpartum disease and postpartum care in 4 domestic search engines. After that, we conducted eligibility screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 1. We selected total 50 studies. There were 2 randomized controlled trial (RCT), 5 non-RCT, 35 case reports, 8 case series within the 6~8 weeks after childbirth. 2. Of the 35 case reports, several interventions were used : acupuncture (22), moxibustion (11), cupping therapy (7), pharmacopuncture (5), chuna manipulation (4), herbal medicine (34). The most common symptoms were musculoskeletal symptoms (8), followed by postpartum depression (7). Various prescriptions and acupoints of oriental medicine were used depending on the diseases or symptoms. 3. Of the 8 case series, 382 subjects in 5 case series had taken Saenghwa-tang-gagam. And Acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy (5), pharmacopuncture (1) were used as an intervention. 4. The most commonly used acupoint is 腎兪 (BL23) in the pain including postpartum back pain and 三陰交 (SP6), 關元 (CV4) in the postpartum care. 關元 (CV4) is the most commomly used moxibustion point not only the postpartum disease but also the postpartum care. Conclusions: In clinical studies of oriental medicine related to postpartum disease and postpartum care, pain-related clinical studies that belong to or progress to Sanhupung were the most common (30%), and among them, postpartum low back pain studies were the most common (20%). Based on this, we believe that large-scale clinical studies with high quality using oriental interventions including chuna and pharmacopuncture are needed to establish guidelines for the management of pain treatment including postpartum back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.128-146
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the prescriptions of Korean herbal medicine which had been commonly used during postpartum period. Methods: We searched literature on postpartum cares with Korean Herbal medicine in 4 domestic search engines. After that, we conducted eligibility screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: 1. We selected total 48 studies. There were 40 clinical studies (25 case reports and 15 case series) and 8 animal experimental studies. 2. Of the 40 clinical studies, other treatments were used together with herbal medicine : acupuncture (28), chuna manipulation (3), and pharmacopuncture (5). 3. Of the 25 case reports, the most common symptoms were musculoskeletal symptoms (8), followed by mental disorders including postpartum depression (5). Various prescriptions of herbal medicine were used depending on the diseases or symptoms. 4. In 15 case series, 665 subjects in 11 case series had taken Saenghwa-tang-gagam within 1~2 weeks after childbirth, and the average duration of Saenghwa-tang-gagam administration were $9{\pm}4.97$ days. 498 subjects in 9 studies were breast-feeding, and there were no side effects reported. 5. All experimental studies were about the recovery, the immunity and the breast-feeding associated puerperal characteristics. Also, 3 studies used Saenghwa-tang as an intervention. Conclusions: Saenghwa-tang can be commonly used for the purpose of prevention and care of the postpartum symptoms within the first 1~2 weeks after childbirth for 10 days. Also, various prescriptions of herbal medicine may be used depending on the diseases or symptoms, and can be conducted with other treatments like acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture and chuna manipulation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.199-206
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• 2022

Postpartum diseases should be predicted to prevent productivity loss before calving especially in organic dairy farms. This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of postpartum metabolic diseases in an organic dairy farm in Korea, to confirm the association between diseases and prepartum blood biochemical parameters, and to evaluate the accuracy of these parameters with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for identifying vulnerable cows. Data were collected from 58 Holstein cows (16 primiparous and 42 multiparous) having calved for 2 years on an organic farm. During a transition period from 4 weeks prepartum to 4 weeks postpartum, blood biochemistry was performed through blood collection every 2 weeks with a physical examination. Thirty-one (53.4%) cows (9 primiparous and 22 multiparous) were diagnosed with at least one postpartum disease. Each incidence was 27.6% for subclinical ketosis, 22.4% for subclinical hypocalcemia, 12.1% for retained placenta, 10.3% for displaced abomasum and 5.2% for clinical ketosis. Between at least one disease and no disease, there were significant differences in the prepartum levels of parameters like body condition score (BCS), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), total bilirubin (T-bil), direct bilirubin (D-bil) and NEFA to total cholesterol (T-chol) ratio (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis of each of these prepartum parameters had the area under the curve (AUC) <0.7. However, the ROC analysis with logistic regression including all these parameters revealed a higher AUC (0.769), sensitivity (71.0%), and specificity (77.8%). The ROC analysis with logistic regression including the prepartum BCS, NEFA, T-bil, D-bil, and NEFA to T-chol ratio can be used to identify cows that are vulnerable to postpartum diseases with moderate accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the KCD codes applied to the treatment of 27 postpartum women who had been treated with Korean traditional medicine in a Korean medicine hospital, so that this study may be used as a basic data for setting the direction of postpartum Korean medical treatment research. Methods: It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center (IRB approval number : WSOH IRB H1708-02-01). Twenty-seven postpartum women who had been treated at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University medical center were received outpatient treatment for two weeks (from September 27, 2017 to January 5, 2018), and the KCD codes applied to the mothers were collected after obtaining the consent. On the day of registration of the study, the fertility, obstetric history and high-risk pregnancies were identified through an interview. Results: 1. The mean age of the 27 subjects was $33.33{\pm}3.99\;years$ old. Among the subjects, 17 mothers (63.0%) were high-risk pregnancy and 10 mothers (37.0%) were normal. 2. Among the 22 major disease categories, 8 categories were used. M code (musculoskeletal system) was used 243 times (70.85%), followed by R code (unclassified symptom) of 51 times (14.87%) and U code (special purpose code) of 23 times (6.71%). 3. The most commonly used code among the ten frequently used codes was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), a total of 47 times. Of the remaining nine codes, except for R60.1 (systemic edema) and U68.4 (The deficiency of yang in Bi), all codes were M codes (musculoskeletal system). 4. The M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category in high-risk group, a total of 159 times. But in specific categories, the most commonly used code was R60.1 (systemic edema), a total of 28 times. 5. In normal group, the M code (musculoskeletal system) was the most used major disease category, a total of 84 times. Also, in specific categories, the most commonly used code was M25.57 (joint pain, ankle and foot), total 29 times. 6. The U code, corresponding to 'the diagnosis of childbirth and other obstetrical medical use', was used 23 times (6.71%), O code three times (0.87%) and Z code two times (0.58%), which was less than 10% of the total number of codes used. Conclusion: When analyzing KCD codes related to Korean medicine treatment for postpartum diseases, it is important to select the KCD codes that reflect the actual clinical state.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2009

Objectives : In Korea the practice of folk remedies is widely spread. One of the main uses is the utilization of pumpkin in postpartum edema. While this practice is widely propagated no one could exactly define the evidence of its uses. Therefore we aimed to provide literature evidence of correct prescription in postpartum edema. Methods : As the use of pumpkin in postpartum edema is particular to korea, we revised all the medical book published from the 17th century, the time supposed to have been introduced pumpkin in Korean peninsula. We also researched the prescription mainly used in postpartum edema, and the common main herbal component, succium. As pumpkin and succium is homophony to 'Ho bak' in korean it had the possibility of being misinterpreted. Results : On our literature research we found the precautions of pumpkin to provoke gi-stagnatio and dampness obstruction and that it was restricted while the recovery of all kind of diseases as well as in puerperium. The main reason of postpartum edema is caused by blood stasis which when the blood gains its normal circulation, edema is dispersed by itself. For this propose main prescription was Jogyeongsan調經散 type with its main component succium which medical properties are cited in all medical classics consistently. From the literature of "Juchonsinbang" and "Uibanghapbu" we found three different prescriptions, Hobakgo琥珀膏, Hobakgo胡朴膏, and Namgwago南瓜膏 which contents and their medical proposes were equal. Conclusions : By these finding we could refer that the use of pumpkin in postpartum edema was caused by homophonic reasonal misinterpretation of succinum in korean. This research provides the literature evidence to correct pumpkin's misuse and also the necessity of restriction of the use of even most common products for medical proposes and/or at least the importance of being guided by the experts.