• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.332-338
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate weight gain and prevention of diarrhea in suckling calves which were injected with recombinant bovine somatopropin (rBST). A total of 101 breeding cows were assigned to the six groups according to the administered dosage and injected time, respectively. Groups T-1, T-3, T-4 and T-6 were injected starting 1 week before calving and groups T-2 and T-5 were injected on the calving day. The six groups were injected five times at two week intervals. Groups T-1 and T-2 were injected with 250mg composite rBST, Group T-3 was injected with 375 mg composite rBST. Groups T-4 and T-5 were injected with 500mg composite rBST, And group T-6 was injected with 500mg rBST-S. The control group was not injected with BST. The groups injected with 500 mg BrST had a lower rate of morbidity from diarrhea than the control group or the groups injected with 250 mg rBST (T-1 and T-2). Weight gain was higher in group T-4 than in the control group or groups T-1 and T-2. In Korean Native Cattle, the total weight gain was greater in group T-4 than in the control group (p<0.05). In crossbred cows, total weight gain was the highest in group T-4, and the total weight gain rate was greater than in group T-4 and the control group (p<0.05). The results of the hematological values showed that injections of rBST did not affect the level of the RBC, TP and BUN in the breeding cows at 9 weeks after postpartum or the neonatal calves. The results of this study indicate that injecting breeding cows with 500 mg rBST before calving would be effective in the preventing of diarrhea and in increasing weight gain of calves from birth to weaning.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to analyse grunts of the sows and to extract parameters from the time and frequency signals in nursing behavior. Five crossbred $Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$ sows were used on day 5 or 6 postpartum. The grunts and the behaviors of the five sows were recorded with five digital camcorders. Three parameter groups [Group I: Formant vector alone, Group II: Formant vector+parameters from time signal, Group III: Formant vector+parameters from time signal-parameters eliminated by stepwise discriminant analysis backward (SDAB)] with parameter vectors extracted from single grunts in the maximum grunting rate period were used for individuality of the sows. The parameter groups were compared by a discriminant function analysis. The classification system adopted in the Group II represented the higher discriniation rate than those in other groups (Group I: 63.3%, Group II: 83.0%, Group III: 80.0%). This study demonstrated that formant, intensity, and pitch were available sound parameters for individuality of the sows during nursing behavior.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

The sleep is the most important problem for new parents. However, there were very rare the study about sleep of normal neonates and early infants in Korea. So we attempted pilot survey study of neonates' sleep pattern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep pattern of normal neonates in Seoul and Kyungki area and to provide for basis for nursing intervention for parents of them. The subjects of this study were 37 normal full-term neonates of 2~3weeks of age who were visited by researcher or assistant at postpartum care unit, health care clinic, outpatient clinic located in Seoul and Kyungki area from April 20, 1999 to March 15, 2000. This study was descriptive survey study under the convenient sampling method. The instrument of this study was the NCASA translated by Korean Parent Child Health Academic Association. The collected data were coded as 1/4hour unit, and analyzed by MS Office Excel program. The result of this study were as followed: 1. The mean amount of total sleep was 15.1hours. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 9.5hours. The mean amount of nighttime sleep was 5.7 hours. The mean amount of longest sleep was 2.9hours. The mean amount of shortest sleep was 0.6hour. 2. The mean amount of total activity was 8.9hours. The mean amount of daytime activity was 6.5 hours. The mean amount of nighttime activity was 2.3hours. The frequency of feeding was 10.4 times a day. The frequency of daytime feeding was 7.3 times. The frequency of nighttime feeding was 3.1 times. It is suggested that various subjects and more data according to age, and comparative study among different cultures are needed for further study in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1774-1783
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• 2015

Milk lysozyme is the ubiquitous enzyme in milk of mammals. In this study, the cDNA sequence of a new chicken-type (c-type) milk lysozyme gene (YML), was cloned from yak mammary gland tissue. A 444 bp open reading frames, which encodes 148 amino acids (16.54 kDa) with a signal peptide of 18 amino acids, was sequenced. Further analysis indicated that the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences identities between yak and cow milk lysozyme were 89.04% and 80.41%, respectively. Recombinant yak milk lysozyme (rYML) was produced by Escherichia coli BL21 and Pichia pastoris X33. The highest lysozyme activity was detected for heterologous protein rYML5 (M = 1,864.24 U/mg, SD = 25.75) which was expressed in P. pastoris with expression vector $pPICZ{\alpha}A$ and it clearly inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Result of the YML gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the YML gene was up-regulated to maximum at 30 day postpartum, that is, comparatively high YML can be found in initial milk production. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the amino acid sequence was similar to cow kidney lysozyme, which implied that the YML may have diverged from a different ancestor gene such as cow mammary glands. In our study, we suggest that YML be a new c-type lysozyme expressed in yak mammary glands that plays a role as host immunity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.930-935
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• 2004

The present study was aimed to study the effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia and autologous plasma on uterine infections. Buffaloes in estrus, 40 days and above postpartum were checked for uterine infections. Animals having uterine infections were randomly divided into three groups of six animals each. Buffaloes in group I, II and III (control) were given intrauterine infusion of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (3,000 mg total dose), autologous plasma (150 ml) and phosphate buffer saline (150 ml) respectively, in three divided doses, once daily for three consecutive days, starting from the day of estrus. A fourth group (IV) comprising of six buffaloes having no uterine infection was also included in the present study. Buffaloes were inseminated artificially on next estrus following treatment and confirmed for pregnancy 60 days later. Bacterial population in CVM of buffaloes in group I, II and III was significantly (p<0.05) higher than group IV. After treatment there was a significant (p<0.01) reduction in bacterial population in group I (83.496$\pm$7.755%) and group II 80.233$\pm$5.799%) than group in III 7.557$\pm$33.551%) at next estrus. There was non-significant improvement in first service conception rate (CR, 33.33%) and overall conception rate (OCR, 27.27%) in group I, in comparison to group III (first service CR-16.67%; OCR-20.0%). No significant improvement was seen in OCR (22.22%) in-group II also in comparison to group III. The improvement in group I was however, nonsignificantly lower than normal animals of group IV (First service CR-16.67%; OCR-36.33%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1176-1181
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of restricted suckling (RS) on some physiological and behavioural stress parameters compared to temporal weaning (TW). Twenty Brahman (Bos indicus) cow-calf pairs were assigned to one of two groups: Calves in the RS group were limited to suckle their dams once daily for 30 min during days 30 to 33, while calves in the TW group were removed from their dams during days 59 to 62 postpartum. Heart and respiratory rates, serum cortisol concentration and body temperature were registered in cows and calves. In addition, the number of steps was also registered in calves. All parameters were recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after the beginning of the two treatments, respectively. In TW calves, higher (p<0.05) cortisol concentration and number of steps were recorded in the 1st samples and 1$^{st}$ and 2$^{nd}$ observations, respectively. No difference was found in body temperature between treatments. However, respiration and heart rates differed in the 1$^{st}$ and 2$^{nd}$ observations, respectively. In general, a significant decrease (p<0.05) in these three parameters was observed over time. In cows, no differences were found in cortisol concentration or body temperature between treatments or with time. Heart and respiratory rates were lower (p<0.05) in the TW treatment only 24 h after beginning of treatment. It was concluded that (a) RS resulted in less behavioural and physiological indices of distress compared to TW in calves, although in general, differences were found only in some variables, mainly during the 1$^{st}$ day following start of the treatment, and there in a chance of age effects. (b) Cows were less affected than their young, regardless of the treatment applied.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.192-198
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of fish oil supplementation with low does on the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of plasma and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte of infants. Among 18 breast-fed infants, 6 were in control group and 12 were in fish oil groups. The subjects in fish oil groups were nursed by their mothers who supplemented with fish oil 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d, respectively for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks postpartum. The nursing mothers consumed their usual diets at home. Blood samples were collected at the final day of experiment. There were no significant changes in daily intakes of total lipid, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid and cholesterol of infants by fish oil supplementation. However, the content of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid)increased and that of ARA (arachidonic acid) decreaed significantly in plasma PC(phophatidylchline). And also, there were tendencies to increase triglyceride concentration and to decrease cholesterol and phopholipid concentrations of plasma. As the above results, atherogenic index (AI) showed a tendency to decrease, but not significant. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA contents in plasma PC and PE (phosphatidylethanolamin) as well as those of erythrocyte tended to increase. In these results, we concluded that fish oil supplementation with low dose to lactating women does not obviously affect of the plasma lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of plasma PC and PE as well as erythrocyte. However the increase of EPA content of plasma PC and the tendency to increase DHA and EPA contents of plasma as well as erythrocyte membrane indicate that there may be some beneficial effect on infant lipid metabolism of fish oil intake of nutsing mother were increased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 1996

We studied the effects of fish oil supplementation with low does on the lipid concentration and fatty acid of plasma and the fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid and erythrocyte of lactating women. The subjects, 18 lactating women, who were exclusively breast-fed their babies were classifed into a control group and 2 fish oil groups according to dose; the subjects of fish oil groups were supplemented with 1.96g/d or 3.92g/d of fish oil, respectively for 2 weeks from 10 to 12 weeks postpartum. All subjects consumed their usual diet at home. Blood sample were collected at the final day of experiment. The plasma HDL-cholesterol level increased significantly by fish oil supplementation. The concentrations of DHA (docesahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) in the plasma PC(phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine)of fish oil groups tended to increase, but not significant. However, the concentrations of DHA and EPA of PC and PE in erythrocyte were not affected by fish oil supplementation. These results demonstrate that fish oil supplementation with low dose does not change the concentration of plasma lipid as well as fatty acid composition in plasma PC and PE and red blood cell obviously. However the increase of plasma HDL-cholesterol level, the reduction of atherogenic index(AI) and the tendency of increase of DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PC and PE indicate that there may be some beneficial effects on maternal lipid metabolism if fish oil intakes were increased.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2020

As respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is transmitted either via directly contact with an infected case or via indirectly contaminated fomites or skin, the major preventive measures are strict hand hygiene, early detection of transmitted sources, and rapid isolation of RSV patients. Especially early detection of hidden cases is the most critical control measure when an index case was notified in a postpartum center. The Guideline of Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention defines potential contacts in an epidemiologic survey as admitted newborns, parents of index cases, center's workers, and visitors for 10 days before the first diagnosis day of index case. However, it needs to classify potential contacts in more detail in order to conduct a successful survey. Authors conducted to search related literatures and appraise the evidences. Firstly, potential contacts would be classified into RSV-related symptomatic contacts(SxC) and asymptomatic contacts. And then, mother, caring workers, and visitors of the index cases among asymptomatic contacts would be defined as the asymptomatic close contacts(ASCC). Finally, the rest would be defined as the asymptomatic regular contacts(ASRC). The defined test using reverse transcription-PCR is applied to SxC and ASCC, and decision of isolation or regular activities are made according to the results. The rapid antigen detection test kits are applied to ASRC. These suggestions might be helpful to detect hidden cases earlier and prevent a further infection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-71
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• 2006

아일랜드 갈웨이주 고르트 근교에서 사육중인 11세, 쇼트혼 종 소가 분만에 도움을 필요로 하였다. 환축은 분만 당일에 기립불능으로 되었다. Lumbo-sacral space, GB3O, GB31, ST40 및 ST41에 덱사메타손 수침을 실시하였다. 또한 간이 뜸처치를 1차 치료 시 실시하였다. 2차 치료 시 환축은 기립이 불가능하였다. 3차 치료 시에는 환축은 자력으로 기립을 시도하였으나 매번 쓰러졌다. 그러나 환축은 분만 후 10일에 약간의 조력으로 기립이 가능하였다. 따라서 본 환축은 덱사메타손 수침 및 간이 뜸 처치의 병용으로 증상이 호전된 기립 불능 우 증례이었다.