• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare postpartum symptoms of 528 women by age groups and delivery method through health questionnaires of postpartum care center. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2018, we statistically compared the 528 women's postpartal symptoms who divided into 4 age groups using SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. Results: There were no differences in weight changes, gestational age and degree of subjective discomfort by age (p>.05). On the other hand, parity, fetal weight and delivery method were statistically associated with age (p<.05). Especially the rate of cesarean delivery was increased with age. Degree of feeling dyspepsia and edema was higher in cesarean section delivery group (p<.05). Also, as the weight increased by 1 kg during pregnancy, the degree of feeling postnatal edema increased by 0.204 (β=0.204, t=4.204, p<.05). Conclusion: This study showed that age itself will not affect postpartum symptoms alone. Instead it is necessary to consider post-cesarean delivery symptoms for advanced maternal age.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.299-302
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• 2005

Postpartum cerebral angiopathy[PPCA] is a benign and, reversible cerebrovascular disease in the postpartum period. The authors report here a 29-year-old woman who had severe headache, very poor consciousness and visual disturbances as the symptoms of PPCA. The clinical and radiological evaluation and treatment of this patient are disscussed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments to postpartum depression. Methods: We treated 41 years old woman and 38 years old woman who had the postpartum depression. In the beginning of treatment, they had anxiety, depression, insomnia, fatigue. They were treated by oriental treatments such as herb medicine, acupuncture, moxa therapy. And then We compared postpartum depression before treatment with one after treatment by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS). Results: After the oriental treatments, the clinical symptoms were improved and EPDS was reduced (one reduces from 18 to 10, the other reduces from 17 to 8). Conclusion: Oriental treatments are effective on postpartum depression. After this, further approach and study on postpartum depression might be needed.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the impacts of maternal depression on the temperament, health problems, and development of 4-month-old infants. Methods: For this longitudinal comparative study, data collected at one month postpartum and at the 4th month of follow-up were evaluated from sixty five pairs. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the symptoms of depression. Results: Eighteen point 5 percent and15.4% of mothers were diagnosed with postpartum depression at one month post-partum and at the 4th month of follow-up, respectively. The temperament of the infants between the two groups was not different. However, the infants of the depressed mothers had more health problems after 4 months. Depressed mothers had a lower score for the acceptance of Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), and the development score of their infants was lower than that of the non-depressed mothers. Conclusion: Maternal depression affects the health and development of infants. Women should be screened for potential risk factors and for symptoms of depression during postpartum periods so that appropriate interventions including emotional support can be initiated in a timely manner.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of early puerperium symptoms and Blood Stasis Index in women during the first two weeks after childbirth. Methods: 38 women staying at Korean postpartum management facilities were studied. Questionnaires were filled out on the date of arrival and departure. Changes in overall physical conditions including neuropsychiatric, circulatory, digestive, musculoskeletal, and urogenital and breast symptoms as well as Blood Stasis Pattern were studied. Results: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were shown in order of Depressed Feeling, Insomnia, Dizziness, Headache, and Easy to Anger and Nervous on arrival. All symptoms showed improvement after two weeks, without significance. 2. Circulatory symptoms were shown in order of Excessive Sweating, Edema, Fatigue, Hot Flash, Anemic Feeling, Alternating Chills and Fever, Cold Hypersensitivity, Chills, Oppression in the Chest, and Palpitation on arrival. Hot Flash, Excessive Sweating, and Edema showed significant improvement after two weeks. 3. Digestive symptoms were shown in order of Dyspepsia, Dry Mouth, Constipation, and Loss of Appetite. All symptoms showed improvement after two weeks, without significance. 4. Pain of Muscles & Joints showed improvement after two weeks, without significance. Pain of Teeth & Gingiva showed slight worsening after two weeks, without significance. 5. Urogenital and Breast symptoms were shown in order of Wound Pain, Fever and Distending Pain in the Breast, and Lower Abdominal Pain on arrival. All symptoms showed significant improvement after two weeks. 6. Blood Stasis Index showed significant improvement after two weeks. Conclusion: Most symptoms were improved in women staying at Korean postpartum management facilities for two weeks. Hot Flash, Excessive Sweating, Edema, Wound Pain, Lower Abdominal Pain, Fever and Distending Pain in the Breast and Blood Stasis Index showed significant improvement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.444-450
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• 2011

Purpose: Mothers' postpartum depression is a worldwide health concern that produces compromising effects on their infants. This study was conducted to compare the infants' temperament and health problems according to the presence of maternal postpartum depression. Methods: Data were collected from May to October in 2009. The sample was 137 mothers at one month postpartum. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Results: At one month postpartum, 22.6% of mothers were classified as having postpartum depression. Infants of depressed mothers were more frequently classified as difficult temperament infants. They showed lower scores on the amenability, rhythmicity and persistency and higher scores on activity in temperament. Also, infants of depressed mothers reported more infant health problems at one months. Maternal depression showed significant negative correlations with family functioning, social support and marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Study findings show that postpartum maternal depression is associated with infants' temperament and health, and thus screening and early interventions for postpartum depression would promote the health of both the mother and infant.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2002

This study was to compare mother's postpartum physical health, mental health, and role performance between mothers with fullterm infants and preterm infants over 3 months postpartum period. The study used a correlational and longitudinal design and was secondary data analysis from a large study. A convenience sample of 132 mothers who had fullterm and preterm infants was followed up for 3 times (postpartum 1-2 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months) during the first 3 months postpartum period. Postpartum physical health was assessed by level of fatigue in the morning and in the afternoon, and number of physical symptoms. Postpartum mental health was assessed by positive affect, anxiety, and depression; and postpartum role performance was measured by role functional status. Mothers with preterm infants experienced higher levels of fatigue in the morning, lower positive affect, higher anxiety and higher depression over 3 data collection time points, compared to mothers with fullterm infants. Mothers with preterm infants also resumed lesser self-care activity and social and community activity than the counterparts. It implies that some aspects of preterm birth and caring for preterm infants continue to negatively affect the mother's health outcomes during the postpartum period.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2002

While the survival rate of preterm infants and employment rates of mothers with infants have been dramatically increasing, little is known about the impact of maternal employment and having premature infants on maternal health recovery after delivery. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine differences in postpartum health by mother's employment and infant's prematurity over time during the first 3 months postpartum. The study used a longitudinal design and was secondary data analysis from a large study. A convenience sample of 132 mothers was recruited with mothers who had fullterm or preterm infants through the postpartum unit. They were followed up for 3 times (at 1-2 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months) during the first 3 months postpartum period. Level of fatigue and hysical symptoms were indicators for postpartum physical health; Positive affect and negative affect were assessed for postpartum mental health, and role functional status after childbirth was for role performance. Finding indicated that health indicators changed significantly over time but there was no main or interaction effect for maternal employment status. There were main effects of infant's prematurity on positive affect, negative affect, and role functional status (self-care and social and community activities). This study enhanced the understanding of postpartum health of mothers with preterm infants as well as those with fullterm infants during the postpartum period.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.63-75
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the significance of Korean Medical literature on representative symptoms of postpartum deep venous thrombosis (DVT), such as lower extremity edema and pulmonary embolism. Methods : Pattern differentiation, cause, symptoms and treatment related to DVT and pulmonary embolism as written in Korean Medical texts were studied comparatively. Results : In Korean Medical understanding, DVT could be linked to lower extremity edema due to blood stagnation, while pulmonary embolism could be linked to coughing, asthma and nose bleed due to stagnated blood. Conclusions : To prevent relapse and manage its after-effects, Korean Medical treatment for DVT and pulmonary embolism is much in need.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of an incontinence prevention program on postpartum women. Methods: The study design was a nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 49 postpartum women with a normal vaginal delivery, 25 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. Data was collected from lune 1. 2007 to April 30. 2008 at a postpartum women's care center located in Jeonju, Korea. For the experimental treatment, an incontinence prevention program was carried out for 24 weeks. Measures included maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction and duration of pelvic floor muscle contraction at pre-treatment, 5 weeks postpartum and 24 weeks postpartum. Data was analyzed by Repeated ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: The mean maximum pressure of pelvic floor muscle contraction (F = 8.95, p < .001) and mean duration of pelvic floor muscle contraction (F = 22.01, p < .001) were significantly different between the groups, and significantly increased as time passed. Conclusion: Practice of an incontinence prevention program is considered an effective intervention for the results of fewer urinary incontinence symptoms in postpartum women.