• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

This study finds an interesting fact that five symptoms (smallpox, postpartum pain, eye disease, swollen symptom and parasite infection) mentioned in Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Tales and his prescriptions (steamed rice, loess, soybean sprouts, cinnabar, radish, sesame oil and pork) were dramatized on the basis of traditional Korean medicinal knowledge in the Joseon Dynasty. Based on the study of experience-based medicinal literatures popular in the Joseon period, it is confirmed that the prescriptions are actually effective. Also it is inferred that popular diseases at that time were abscess, difficult baby delivery, postpartum pain and parasite infection, which were regarded as almost incurable diseases to ordinary people. These stories also showed destitution of common people who could not afford to buy medicines at that time. As shown in the Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Fable, many people might try various ordinary materials around them such as soil or nose wax. One of the outcomes of this study is that the fact that the tales mentioned common materials easy to get in the surroundings such as steamed rice, sesame oil, soybean sprouts or radish could be interprets as care and consideration of medicinal doctors for ordinary people at that time.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.416-428
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• 1998

In Korea, breast-feeding practice has been decreased since 1980's. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence breast-feeding practice. The total numbers of study subjects were 139 mothers in their postpartum one week. The study was carried out for the period of three months from June 17 to August 26, 1998. The tool for breast-feeding problem was developed by Kearney et. al(1990). The data were analyzed by SAS and the results were as follows ; 1. The reported breast-feeding problems were nipple pain, demand of frequent feeding, prolonged feeding, milk leakage, experience of difficulty in breast feeding. 2. Breast-feeding problem defined were prolonged feeding, baby's whimpering after breast-feeding, nipple pain, experience of difficulty in breast feeding, difficulty of breast feeding due to mother's general discomfort.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

Purpose: During Postpartum period many women complain multiple pain, cold hypersensitivity, hot flush, sweating and so on. We call the postpartum disease as San Hu Pung. We studied characters of DITI Characters of women suffering from Postpartum disease. Methods: We studied 55 patients visiting OOhospital from February 2006 to November 2007. The subjects were categorized in two groups, symptom group(37) and no symptom group(18). We measured the temperatures of abdomen(CV17, CV12, CV4), upper and lower limb(PC8, LU4, LR3, ST32) and back(GB21, BL18, BL53). We studied the difference of DITI between two groups by Student T-test using SPSS for windows (version 12.0). Results: The general characteristics such as age, days of postpartum, primiparity, cesarean section, partum season, breast-feeding of two groups were not different statistically. Temperatures of abdomen(CV17, CV12, CV4) and back(GB21, BL18, BL53) of two groups were not different statistically. Temperatures of Lt. PC8 and both LR3 of symptom group were statistically higher than no symptom group. The difference between Lt. PC8 and LU4, both LR3 and ST32 of symptom group were statistically higher than no symptom group. Conclusion: The results suggest that women suffering from Postpartum disease shows high temperature on hand and foot. It seems that postpartum disease patients tend to have blood deficiency. DITI can be useful to diagnose San Hu Pung. The more studies to diagnose San Hu Pung would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.24-33
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• 1991

This study was conducted to assess to the knowledge and educational needs of pregnant women relating to antepartum, delivery, postpartum periods, and to identify the variables which influenced their knowledge and educational needs. The study subjects were 282 postpartum women who had delivered fullterm normal babies without any complications. Data were collected from women those who were not more than two days after delivery at general hospitals, 3 maternal child health care centers and 4 midwife's offices in Pusan using questionnaire method from Feb. 1. 1991 to Mar. 20. 1991. The results of this study are as follows 1. Relating to the antepartum period, the knowledge about the time when the sex of fetus was fixed was low, and relating to delivery, the knowledge about the method reducing labor pain was low. 2. Relating to the antepartum period, the educational needs about child rearing was high, and relating to delivery, the educational needs about newborn baby were high. Relating to the postpartum period, the educational needs about emergency care of new born baby were high. 3. There were statistically significant differences in total educational needs by educational level(P<.01), duration of marriage (P<.01), and number of pregnancy(P<.05). 4. There were positive correlation between the total knowledge and educational level and negative correlations between the total knowledge and duration of marriage and age.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2008

Purpose: Separation of symphysis pubis during delivery is a rare condition. The separation might cause pubic pain, radiating pain of both leg, inguinal pain, and gait disturbance. The purpose of this case was to report the clinical effectiveness of Traditional Korean Treatment on decreasing those symptoms. Methods: The patient in this case was 34-year-old female, The chief complains were pubic pain(right side was severe), radiating pain of right inguinal pain, gait disturbance and low back pain. She was treated by Traditional Korean medicine, acupuncture, and Placenta Herbal Acupuncture. The progress of symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scale. Results: After those Traditional Korean therapy, most symptoms were improved. But width of symphysis pubis remained unchanged. Conclusion: This case shows that Traditional Korean therapy might be effective in decreasing symptoms on separation of symphysis pubis during delivery.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2005

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to verify the effects of aromatherapy on labor pain and perception of the childbirth experience. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primiparas without problems during the gestation period. Twenty four primiparas in the experimental group were given general obstetric nursing care with aromatherapy every two hours. Twenty four primiparas in the control group were given general obstetric nursing care only. Data was collected for labor pain measured by a labor pain expression scale, uterine contraction activity measured by Montevideo units in the latent phase, active phase, and transition phase and the perception of childbirth experience 24hours after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA with an SPSS program. Results: No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for labor pain, and uterine contraction activity. There was no significant difference in postpartum mothers' perception about childbirth. Conclusion: In this study, effects of aromtherapy decreasing labor pain expression, and increasing the perception of childbirth was not found.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1293-1303
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• 2023

Objective: Inflammation and pain management in postpartum hyperprolific sows is currently an important animal welfare issue in the swine industry. The present study investigates effects of ketoprofen treatment on the incidence of post-parturient disorders, feed intake, colostrum yield, piglet colostrum intake, colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and piglet mortality rate during the first 3 days of postnatal life. Methods: In total, 61 Danish Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred sows and their offspring (n = 833) were included in the experiment. The sows were randomly distributed into two groups: i) control (n = 31), sows were treated with tolfenamic acid 2 mg per kg for 2 days postpartum; ii) ketoprofen (n = 30), sows were treated with ketoprofen 3 mg per kg for 2 days postpartum. The farrowing process of the sows was monitored for 24 h daily, and data associated with farrowing were collected. Piglet colostrum intake, sow colostrum yield and colostrum IgG were determined. Results: During the first 3 days postpartum, the incidence of sows that had fever did not differ between control and ketoprofen groups (51.6% and 56.7%, respectively, p = 0.692). Piglet colostrum intake did not differ between control and ketoprofen groups (p = 0.736). However, the proportions of piglets that had inadequate colostrum intake were 71.3%, 22.6%, and 5.4% in those with birth weights of <1.0 kg, 1.0 to 1.29 kg, and ≥1.30 kg, respectively (p<0.001). The piglet mortality rate did not differ between control and ketoprofen groups (p = 0.808). Conclusion: Administration of ketoprofen in postpartum sows for 2 days can control the evidence of post-parturient disorders in sows as effectively as the use of tolfenamic acid. No deleterious effect of ketoprofen was detected on sow colostrum yield, piglet colostrum intake and piglet mortality. Therefore, ketoprofen can be recommended as an alternative anti-inflammatory drug used in postpartum sows.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to improve prehospital emergency care for patients with labor pain, vaginal bleeding and rape experience by analyzing the reports of 119 emergency medical technicians. Methods: Data were prehospital reports of 190 patients having chief complaints of labor pain, vaginal bleeding and rape in Chungcheongnam-do from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 descriptive statistics and $x^2$-test. Results: From the 190 cases of labor pain, vaginal bleeding and rape, labor pain accounted for 57.9% including 75.5% of normal delivery; vaginal bleeding accounted for 35.8% including 26.5% of postpartum hemorrhage; and rape victims accounted for 6.3%. Cases with more than one vital sign accounted for 94.2%, but cases without primary assessment of the obstetrics and gynaecology accounted for 38.4% from gestation weeks, 78.0% from parity, and 87.4% from history taking relating to event. Patient care including emotional support was the first priority care accounted for 78.4% and 60% of care was keeping the patients warm. Conclusion : In order to handle various emergency situations properly, the records must be supplemented by obstetrical and gynaecological rape checklist and rape victims supporting system should be established.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine Bone Marrow Density (BMD) of women suffering from general pain after childbirth. Methods: We studied 18 patients visiting $\bigcirc\bigcirc$hospital from March 2007 to May 2010. The subjects were categorized in two groups, symptom group(n=12) and no symptom group(n=6). We measured BMD using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and studied the difference of BMD between two groups by Student T-test using SPSS for windows(version 13.0). Results: The general characteristics such as age, days of postpartum, primiparity, cesarean section, breast-feeding of two groups were not different statistically. BMD, T-score and Z-score of symptom group were statistically lower than no symptom group. Conclusion: The results suggest that women suffering from general pain after childbirth shows low BMD, T-score and Z-score. It seems to be due to the kidney deficiency after childbirth.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.284-297
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• 1996

A maternity ward in a hospital in Seoul has an educational program for postpartal mothers since its opening, but evaluation on the program has not been done. This study was to find whether the educational program contributed to increase of knowledge and confidence of the post-partal mothers in the area of postpartal self-care and the newborn baby care or not. This study aimed at improvement of the educational program for posrpartal mothers and the newborn babies. Subjects were 40 primiparae who were admitted to the obstetric ward in a general hospitals in Seoul from August 20th to September 10th, 1995. Subjects were those who had no labor pain at the admission time, had no complications during labor and delivery, gave a birth to a healthy baby, and agreed to participate in this study. All subjects were well educated and were in well-to-do group. Most of them received antenatal care adequately. They were tested on knowledge and self-confidence in the area of postpartal self-care and infant care two times, one at the admission time and the other prior to discharge. After the first test, nurses in a maternity ward and nursery taught them on postpartal self-care and infant care. Education consisted of a 1 hour planned program and incident teachings done at bed side. Four tools were developed by authors based literature review. The test tool for knowledge of postpartal self-care consisted of 15 items which included the definition of postpartum, dangerous symptoms in postpartum, lochia, time to begin coitus, postpartum exercise, sitz-bath, and perineal care. The test tool for self-confidence in postpartal self-care included such items as emergency care on dangerous symptoms in postpartum, sexual life and contraception after postpartum, self-confidence in postpartum exercise and perineal care. The test tool for knowledge of newborn baby care consisted of 18 items which included bathing, umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, abnormal symptoms of neonate. The test tool for self confidence in the newborn baby care included umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, emergency care for baby. Analysis of demographic data were analyzed with calculation of percentage. Score differences between the first test and the second test were analyzed with paired t-test. SAS / PC (Release 6.04 for DOS) program are as follows. 1. Mothers' knowledge of postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=10.04, df=38, p=0.0001). 2. Mothers' self-confidence in postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=6.53, df=38, p=0.0001). 3. Mother's knowledge of the newborn abay care increased significantly after education (t=9.74, df=38, p=0.0001). 4. Mothers' self-confidence in the newborn baby care increased significantly after education(t=8.22, df=38, p=0.0001) Suggestions for further studies and nursing practice were as follows. 1. We suggest studies by randomized control-group pretest-posttest design or nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design will be done. 2. We suggest follow-up studies to find if mothers's confidence will last or not after discharge. 3. We suggest general hospitals to establish a phone-counseling system.