• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1996년도 제19회정기학술대회(The 19th Symposium of the Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology)
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• pp.25-41
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• 1996

KWON, O. S. SCHMUED, L. C. and LSIKKER, W. JR. Neurotoxiciligy. objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) alters sphinganine (Sa) levels and myelin synthesis in the central nervous system of developing rats. $FB_1$ (subcutaneous, 0. 4 or 0. 8 mg/kg/day) from postnatal days (PND) 3 to PND 12 resulted in a significantly increased in the brain of rats given 0. 8 mg $FB_1$/kg/day. To confirm the effect of limited nutrition on changes in the Sa levels and myelinogenesis, rats given 0.8mg $FB_1$/kg/day or treated by limited nutrition (temporary removal from dam during postnatal period) were compared to those in saline controls. Sa levels and Sa/So ratios were compared to those in saline in the 0.8 $FB_1$-treated, 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activities were decreased significantly in both nutritionally limited and $FB_1$-exposed rats. These data indicate that sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system of develiping rats is vulnerable to $FB_1$ exposure. The hypomyelination associated with $FB_1$-treatment may be mediated by limited nutrition.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-118
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• 1993

LBD-007, a newly developed recombinant human interferon alphaA, was at dose levels of 0.3 $\times$$10^6$ , 6 $\times$ $10^6$ and 12 $\times$ $10^6$ IU/kg/day administered subcutaneously to pregnant and subsequent delivered SpragueDawley rats from day 17 of gestation through day 21 of lactation. Effects of test substance on dams and growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. 1. No treatmene-related changes in clinical signs, food consumption, body weight, pregnant period and necropsy findings were observed in dams.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

LBD-001, a recombinant human interferon $\gamma$ produced by genetically engineered yeast as a host system, was intravenously administered to pregnant female rats (Sprague-Dawley) from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation at dose levels.of $0.35 \times 10^6$, $0.69 \times 10^6$, and $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day. In vasopressin-treated group, vasopressin (5 I.U./kg/day) was intravenously injected only for 5 days of perinatal period. (1) No signicant changes by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed in the body weights, food and water consumption, feeding and nurshing behaviors, and the weights of main organs of mother rats. In vasopressin-treated group, no significant changes were observed except the decrease in the food consumption on day 18 of gestation and one case of abnormal offspring with bleeding spots on the skin. (2) No significant changes in the body weights, survival rates, locomotor activity, emotional development. and the motor coordination of offsprings (F1) by the treatment of LBD-001 were observed except the fact that increase of ambulation in the female offsprings of LBD-001 ($0.69 \times 10^6$ or $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated groups and the increase of rearing in the males of LBD-($1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated group, and the increase of the weight of liver and ovaries in the female offsprings in the LBD-001 ($1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day)-treated group were observed. Altogether, the results show that LBD-001 at the dose of $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day or less does not significantly affect the mother rats and their offsprings (F1) except the minor influences when treated during the perinatal and postnatal period.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test that motor skill training enhance motor function and cerebellar development. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome-which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period-critifical periods for the effect of alcohol on body and cerebellar weigh was examined. The effect of motor skill training on motor function and cerebellar development of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) Control group (CG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) experimental groups (EG), via 4.5g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, and wearing they were raised in standard caged until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from experimental group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Experimental group II (EGII) was had got motor skill training (training traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. Experimental group I (EGI) was not trained. Before sacrificing, the rat got examined two behavioral test, body weigh and cerebellar weigh, then coronal sections were processed. The section was investigated the Purkije cell in the cerebellum using light microscope. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In body weight test, the outcome of alcohol groups were significantly lower than the normal group. 2. In cerebellar weight test, the outcome of EGI were significantly lower than CG and EGII. 3. In motor behavioral test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than NG and EGII. 4. In Purkinje cells counting test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than the NG and EGII. These result suggest that improved motor function induced by motor skill training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of Purkinje cells and that is related with cerebellar function. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers in rat squamosomandibular joint with postnatal development. Squamosomandibular joint with adjacent tissue of 8 groups of rats(1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35-postnatal day and adult groups) were removed on bloc and processed for immunohistochemistry and were subjected to light microscopic examination. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The anterior portion of the articular disk was most densely innervated, followed by the posterior, lateral, and medial portions in each group. 2. Increase of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers was evident in 10, 15, 20 postnatal day groups. 3. Almost no CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in articular surface of disk proper, mandibular fossa and condyle head of each group. These result suggest that CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers increased in synovial membrane and peripheral portion of articular disk during 10-20 postnatal day may play a important role in squamosomandibular joint function after weaning period.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1997년도 공동 춘계학술대회
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• pp.72.1-72
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.32-40
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to study the morphological changes of rat synapses during early postnatal periods. Neonatal rats were grouped by 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th postnatal weeks, and we observed the ultrastructural pattern of the synapses in the external plexiform layer of olfactory bulbs by electron microscopy. The results were as follows; 1. The numbers of synapses, lengths of synaptic thickenings and amounts of synaptic vesicles were markedly increased in the external plexiform layer during four postnatal weeks. 2. There was a tendency of increasing the proportion of the asymmetric synapse and the curved synapses during maturation. From the above results, it is suggested that the size of synapse is increasing during maturation, and at the same time the asymmetric synapses are formed from the symmetric type and the curved synapses are from the plane type.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 1997

These studies were performed to observe the morphological changes of synapses in the visual cortex of rat during early postnatal development. Specimens of the visual cortex were taken from rats (Sprague Dawley) at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of age, and prepared for silver impregnation and electron microscopy. The number of synapse and the length of postsynaptic thickening were increased progressively with age, especially 14 and 21 days. The number of dendritic spine was increased conspicuously on postnatal days 14-21. And asymmetic, curved and axo-spinous synapses were increased markedly at the same ages. The present findings suggest that spurt of synaptogenesis in the rat visual cortex occurs during early postnatal development, especially in second to 3rd week period and asymmetric and/or curved axo-spinous synapse is a matured form of synapse with advanced age.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Histochemical patterns of lectin binding during development of the rat vomeronasal organ (VNO) were studied to determine whether glycoconjugates are differently expressed after birth. Three types of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), were studied histochemically in the rat VNO at various stages post-birth: postnatal days 1 and 7, the preweaning period (4 weeks after birth), and at sexual maturity (8 weeks after birth). The free border of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium was positive for both WGA and UEA-I in rats of all ages; whereas, VNO receptor cells and supporting cells were positive only for both WGA and UEA-I from 4 weeks after birth. DBA reactivity was detected in the free border but less so in receptor cells and supporting cells. WGA and UEA-I, but not DBA, showed similar patterns in various ages. In the Jacobson's gland, WGA, UEA-I and DBA were detected in some acini from 4 weeks after birth but not at postnatal days 1 or 7. Collectively, reactivity for three lectins, WGA, UEA-I and DBA, increased in receptor cells and gland acini during postnatal development, possibly contributing to the enhanced chemoreception in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2006

Methods : 40 of Female rats were allowed to mate with 40 of male rats. Then, female rats were delivered of offspring rats, After birth 28 days, offspring rats were divided 8 groups, The normal group(Group A), the 10 mg/kg Angelicae gig antis radix~treated group(Group B), the 50 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix-treated group(Group C), the 100 mg/kg Angelicae gig antis radix-treated group(Group D), The control (noise-treated) group(Group E). the noise -10 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix-treated group(Group F), the noise-50 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix~treated group(Group G), and the noise-100 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix-treated group(Group H)(n = 5 in each group), From the 15th day of pregnancy, all rats were subcutaneously injected with 50 mg/kg BrdU once a day 30 min before the starting of experimental treatment. Rats of the prenatal noise-treated group were applied with 95 decibel supersonic machine sound for 1h once a day until delivery, After birth 28 days, offspring rats intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg of BrdU and offspring rats were treated Angelicae gigantis radix Herb-acupunture on chungwan(CV12) for 7 consecutive days. For the detection of BrdU-positive cells and Ki-67 positive cells in hippocampus, immunohistochemistry was performed. Results : 1. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of noise-treated group was significantly decreased to normal group, and the Group F, G, H were significantly increased to control group. 2. The number of Ki-67 positive cells in the dentate gyrus of noise-treated group was significantly decreased to control group, and the Group G, H were significantly increased to control group. Conclusion : We concluded that postnatal Angelicae gigantis radix administration has effect on cell proliferation in offspring rats with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy.