• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.124-137
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• 1996

As the society becomes more industrialized and modernized, we have more chances to experience a serious traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has 3 major categories of symptoms such as memory disturbance, hyperarousal and avoidance or numbness. I reviewed the psychobiological evidences in 3 main categories of symptoms and the biological treatment after a brief review of the epidemiology, psychosocial etiology and diagnosis of PTSD. The memory disturbance of PTSD might be developed by the potentiation of the memory pathway mediated by norepinephrine. PTSD induces HPA axis abnormality, it might also develop hippocampal dysfunction, which might contribute to the memory disturbance. The kindling effect develops desensitization, which might develop reexperiencing of the traumatic events and hyperarousal state. Chronic aroused state of locus ceruleus with resultant chronic maladaptive state of norepinephrine system, might develop hyperarousal state. Social avoidance and physical numbing state in PTSD might be caused by serotnin or opiate system. Stress induced analgesia might be developed by opiate reliesed against the acute stress. The biologic research results would help the selective treatment of PTSD.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2024

Purpose: This study attempted to systematically review the programs of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder in South Korea over the past decade, identify specific methods and effects, and present program guidance guidelines through them. Research design, data and methodology: This study is a systematic literature review, and studies registered in the RISS, NDSL, DBpia, and KmBASE search databases from January 1, 2013 to August 31, 2023 were targeted. Keywords were 'post-traumatic stress disorder', 'program' or 'treatment'. A total of 2,324 documents were searched, and 237 duplicate papers were excluded. After that, the title and abstract were viewed, and 2,058 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were excluded. In addition, the full text was checked and the final 11 documents were analyzed excluding 18 documents. Results: Among the 11 literatures, 45.45% of randomized control studies and 54.54% of non-randomized control studies were found. As for gender, 41.18% of women, 28.64% of 30-39 years old, and 34.27% of trauma causes were industrial accidents. Programs for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder were classified into art therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and mindfulness programs, and art therapy was the most used at 45.45%. The sessions of the program were widely applied at 45.45% for 10 sessions and 36.36% for 60 minutes per session. Conclusions: This study has a limitation in that it only analyzed domestic intervention programs within 10 years. However, this study is meaningful in that it is intended to present program guidance guidelines through reviewing domestic programs for post-traumatic stress patients. In the future, it is necessary to conduct research such as expanding the scope of literature review at home and abroad.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2023

Purposes: Evaluate the level of mental health of administrative workers in medical institutions during the COVID-19 epidemic, and check the relationship. Methodology: It targeted 183 administrative workers at medical institutions located in Jeollabuk-do. The data survey method used a self-filled questionnaire, and the data collection period was 30 days from November 16, 2021 to December 16, 2021. A comparative analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between the subjects' biological factors, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, job related factors and depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and job stress. Findings: As an influencing factor of depression, it was found that the longer the working period, the higher the depression, and the higher the position, job satisfaction, and the total amount of smoking, the lower the depression. Due to the effect on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, the higher the total amount of smoking, the higher the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after effects, and the higher the organizational commitment and job satisfaction, the lower the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder aftereffects. It was found that organizational commitment had the highest influence on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. As an influencing factor on job stress, it was found that the higher the job related factors was job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the lower the job stress. Practical Implications: Variables such as moderate physical activity, alcohol consumption, total smoking, working period, position, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were identified as factors influencing depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and job stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the impact of safety/health managers' experience of trauma case on their post traumatic stress disorder and the mediation effects of job stress and the moderated mediation effects of social support. Method: Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 241 workplace safety/health managers with experience in trauma case. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS(IBM. Ver.26.0) and verified through SPSS PROCESS Macro (Ver. 3.4). Results: The trauma case experience and the job stress, which is a mediation variable, had a statistically significant positive effect on post-traumatic stress disorder, and the job stress had a positive mediation effect in the relationship between the trauma case experience and post-traumatic stress disorder. Social support had a statistically significant negative moderation effect in the relationship between the trauma case experience and job stress; social support had a moderated mediation effect on the indirect effect of a job stress on the post-traumatic effect through a trauma case experience. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that work-related job stress management is important in order to reduce safety/health managers' post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the experience of trauma case, and that social support is essential to reduce the job stress, which can later be used as a basis for further studies.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 소방공무원의 PTSD 관련변인들을 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 한국교육학술정보원, 국회전자도서관, 국가과학기술정보센터, 한국의학논문데이터베이스를 통해 문헌을 검색하였고 검색 용어는 PTSD, 외상 후 스트레스, 외상 후 스트레스 장애, 소방공무원이었다. 총 146편의 문헌이 검색되었고 그 중 10편의 문헌이 본 연구의 주제와 부합하여 분석되었다. 분석된 10편의 문헌은 모두 상관관계를 연구한 비 실험 연구였다. 정적상관 요인은 연령, 근무기간, 외상사건 경험, 출동횟수, 경험한 외상사건 종류의 수와 강도, 업무 부담감, 대처방식, D유형 성격, 정서조절 곤란, 우울, 분노반추, 부적상관 요인은 회복탄력성, 사회적지지, 자아존중감으로 나타났다. 향후 소방공무원의 정신건강 증진을 위해 PTSD의 보호 변인인 회복탄력성과 사회적지지, 자아존중감을 향상시키는 전문적인 중재 프로그램 구성이 이루어져야 한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the current status of post-traumatic stress and related factors among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Methods: The study subjects were 109 safety managers working in Korea National Parks. General characteristics, job-related characteristics, experience of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress were collected by self-reported questionnaires through the mail. The associated factors with post-traumatic stress was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: Overall score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group of post-traumatic stress disorder. In simple analysis, score of post-traumatic stress was associated with drinking frequency, disease history, duration of career, delay of rescue, provided the break, rest space and the number of experiences of traumatic events. Finally, the score of post-traumatic stress was significantly higher in subjects who experienced 3 (B=9.141, SE=3.538) or more than 4 (B=11.367, SE=3.063) traumatic events compared to subjects without experience of traumatic event. Conclusion: The score of post-traumatic stress was $10.32{\pm}11.37$ and 12.8% was the high-risk group among safety managers in Korea National Parks. Post-traumatic stress was associated with the experience of traumatic events. Management of safety managers after mobilization or experience of traumatic events will be helpful to decrease of post-traumatic stress.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 응급실 간호사의 폭력 경험과 외상 후 스트레스, 공감피로가 간호사의 직무만족도에 영향을 미치는지를 파악하기 위함이다. 경기도 소재 9개 종합병원의 응급실 간호사 114명을 대상으로 2019년 7월 1달 동안 진행되었다. 본 연구 결과 폭력 경험은 언어적 폭력 11.50±3.37점, 신체적 위협 11.57±4.15점, 신체적 폭력 11.07±5.20점으로 나타났으며, 외상 후 스트레스는 34.59±14.46, 공감피로는 26.50±7.17점, 직무 만족도는 61.19±8.38점으로 나타났다. 이 중 외상 후 스트레스(β=-.21, p=.090)가 직무 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며 회귀모형은 통계적으로 유의하였다(F=23.11, p<.001). 본 연구 결과를 토대로 응급실 간호사의 외상 후 스트레스를 관리하고 감소시키고 위해서는 이를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 관리 프로그램의 도입과 예방이 필요하리라 생각된다. 또한 응급실 간호사의 외상 후 스트레스 및 직무만족도에 대한 대처 수준 향상을 위하여 적극적인 대처 방안과 안전한 근무환경 확보를 마련하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify the influence of workplace violence on anger and post traumatic stress disorder among nurses. Methods: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a random sampling. Data collection was done using self-questionnaire with 477 nurses. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test and logistics regression. Results: The incidences of total violence, verbal, physical, and sexual violence were 31.2%, 28.7%, 6.3%, 3.6% of the nurses, respectively. Anger was significantly associated with verbal violence (OR: 2.34, CI: 1.40~3.91) and physical violence (OR:4.85 CI: 1.67~14.13). Post traumatic stress disorder was significantly associated with verbal violence (OR: 15.99, CI: 9.58~26.69) and physical violence (OR: 5.37, CI: 1.66~17.40). Conclusion: To promote psychological health in nurses, there is a need to develop prevention programs to decrease workplace violence and to develop programs supporting psychological aspects of verbal violence that nurses experience.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2019

Exposure to a traumatic events gives people many post traumatic conditions resulting Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Post Traumatic Growth (PTG). Some of them may come up with acute Stress Disorder and some may having with grievances. But most of people overcome their traumatic condition with using their Emotional Intelligence and Resilience capacities. This article is focused on indicating basic mechanisms and resources in which can be lead to have better social rehabilitation along with the matters that can be important in trauma coping. The later part of the article appeals the concept of social work theory highlighting the psych dynamic approach which can be impact positively on psycho social rehabilitation. Traumatic experiences are really unpredictable and it can be resulted Post Traumatic Stress Disorders, Post traumatic growth in the end. But developing skills that required to overcoming trauma is facilitated by the Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Coping capacities that people having with. Exposure to a traumatic experience and not having a PTSD is determined by the many other factors such as social support system and government facilitation of the wellbeing afterwards the trauma. Here in this article the basic components of Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and coping mechanisms have been considered as the major factors.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

최근 발생하고 있는 범죄는 심각하고 흉포화 되었다. 이러한 특성은 그 범죄를 수사하는 경찰에게도 심각한 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 범죄를 접하는 경찰관도 인간이기 때문에 심리적인 미칠 수 있다. 실제로 많은 수사관련 경찰관이 큰 사건을 겪은 이후 수사 부서를 떠나거나, 경찰직을 그만두고 있다. 이러한 문제에 대하여 본 연구에서는 외상 후 스트레스 장애(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; PTSD)가 실제 경찰관에게 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 이러한 영향이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 과각성, 회피, 침습, 수면장애를 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 하위영역으로 설정하고, 조직몰입을 정서적 몰입, 지속적 몰입, 규범적 몰입으로 하위영역으로 나누었다. 측정을 위하여 만들어진 설문지는 대구지방경찰청 소속 경찰관 중 수사경과를 가지고 있는 형사부서 경찰관을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 하위요인 중 침습이 정서적 몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 회피는 지속적 몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미친다고 나타났고, 침습과 회피는 규범적 몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.