• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 2016

Economic growth has increased the living standards around the world. Water pollution, in particular, is a public relations issue because it poses a direct threat to everyone's lives. As of recently, the production of taste and odor (T&O) compounds has been a common problem in the water industry. The adsorption process using granular activated carbon (GAC) has been the most widely used process. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the microorganisms before and after the backwashing of GAC and to identify the species of the microorganisms found. Five dominants microorganisms were confirmed after the microfiltration process from backwashing of GAC, and the dominant bacterial species were found to be ${\beta}$-proteobacterium species, Porphyrobacter donghaensis, Polaromonas rhizophaerae, Hydrogenophaga species, and Pseudonocardia species. However, when UV treatment after microfiltration was performed, Hydrogenophaga species and Psedonocardia species were eliminated. Herein, I conclude that the UV treatment post microfiltration process is more efficient than microfiltration process alone. The findings of this study may provide useful information regarding the management of microfiltration process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2006

There is a need to restore the terrain back its natural environment after mining development. It is necessary to compare the original and developing surfaces for post-management and to analyze the terrain change to develop a process for efficient restoration plan. This study analyzes and compares change to the terrain by annual mining development using GIS. Contours digitized with CAD based on photogrammetry are classified into annual data and created by Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). By producing profiles and cross sections using TIN, many stations are distinguished. As a result of the terrain changes caused by mining development from 2000 to 2003 by operating elevation values each cell converted to raster from TIN, $11,094,460m^3$ are cut and $5,127,968m^3$ are filled up to 46% of cut volume, and annual surface changes of cut and fill area to mining are analyzed to visual and quantitative data. This study is used for the restoration plan and additional mining. And it is expected that this annual change, caused by mining development, can be used to return the terrain close to its original condition for finished mining area.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.479-485
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• 2016

Living modified (LM) crops are imported each year to South Korea as food and feeds, LM canola being one of the imported crops. The cultivation of LM crops is not permitted in South Korea but the import of these crops is increasing. In this study, we surveyed the environmental risk of imported LM canola at 9 provinces, from March 2009 to June 2013. Monitoring of canola was conducted around feed factories, roadsides, harbors, farmhouses, and flower festival regions. From the total of 595 canola samples collected from 1850 monitoring sites, we identified 6 LM canola samples. The LM canola samples were subjected to protein and DNA based analysis. PCR analyses using approved 5 single event primers (T45, MS8, RT73, Rf3 and Topas 19-2) revealed that two crops were glyphosate-resistant LM canolas, and four were glufosinate-resistant LM canolas. This study suggested that environmental monitoring is a useful research tool to manage LM crops unintentionally introduced into the environment in South Korea. This result can be used as a basis for future post-management of canola crops.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.106-119
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• 2005

Many problems with the offline class, which is the traditional education type in corporations or universities, were indicated and people hoped that e-learning, which is web-based instruction, would solve these problems. However, e-learning also has weak points in that it should be self-paced and media-based in many ways. Therefore, when considering the good and weak points of offline classes and e-learning, blended learning seems to be necessary. Until now, blended learning has usually been used in corporations, and there have been almost no studies on the effectiveness or management of blended learning in universities. Thus, in this study, I would like to design blended classes, manage them at the level of university classes, and verify the effectiveness of blended classes, by comparing academic achievement, student participation, and student satisfaction. The subject students who signed up for Computer & Technology at C University in 2005 were divided into three study groups: offline class, online class, and blended class. The offline class was taught using the traditional class teaching method. For the online class and the blended class, multimedia contents were developed and a different LMS was used. The results of 13 weeks of teaching are as follows. For the academic achievement in the offline, online and blended classes, there was no statistically significant difference (f=2.387, p=.096). But when comparing the average achievement, the average of the blended class was higher than that of the other classes, so that it can be said that the blended class has positive effects on academic achievement. Second, when comparing the learners' participation in the online class and the blended class, the total posts were 85 and 138 respectively, which shows a considerable difference. The hit counts for each post in the online class and the blended class are 10 and 20, respectively. Moreover, the login counts for subjects are 3 in the online class and 4 in the blended class. In the questionnaire for the students' academic satisfaction in the online class and the blended class, all of the 15 items showed higher satisfaction in the blended class. Considering all these results, if adequate media are properly combined, the blended class is better than either the pure online class or the pure offline class.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2001

Objectives : The authors present a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive adult patients harboring craniopharyngiomas who underwent microsurgical resection between 1981 and 1999 to assess the long-term outcome of surgical treatment and to determine the most optimal management strategy. Methods : The extent of surgical removal was divided into four categories ; GTR(gross total removal), RSTR(radical subtotal removal), STR(subtotal removal),and PR(partial removal). The median follow-up period was 50 months(4-198). CT scan and/or MR imaging and hormonal status were evaluated to the last follow-up. Results : Visual disturbance was the most common presentation, which was improved in 42 cases and aggravated in 19 cases following the operation. Hypopituitarism was detected in 56 patients preoperatively, 82 during the immediate postoperative period, and 76 at the last follow-up. Improvement of pituitary function was not observed in any of these patients. Twenty of 100 patients showed recurrence at the mean of 27 months(3 to 196). The median progression-free survival(PFS) time of all patients was 145 months and 5-year PFS rate was 74%. Five-year PFS rate of GTR or RSTR group(71%) was significantly higher than that of STR or PR group(30%)(p=0.01). Postoperative radiation therapy significantly prolonged the PFS from 94 months in non-radiation group to 182 months(p=0.002). However, there was no statistical difference in number of patients who required hormonal replacement therapy between radiation and non-radiation group. Conclusion : Visual disturbance can be improved by early diagnosis and surgical decompression. GTR or RSTR in selected patients is considered a proper surgical strategy. Post-operative radiation therapy for residual tumors must be considered, although the ideal timing of radiation therapy is to be determined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.510-519
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to set a defect classification framework and evaluate the defect risks in apartment buildings For this, approximately 15,056 defect items for 133 apartment buildings were examined. As a result of the analysis, the major defect of the RC work was cracks, which were found mainly in public locations. Moreover, the RC work was found to exhibit a high defect risk of water problem and surface appearance, which are highly connected with cracks. Second, the finish work has a high defect risk because it is composed of various work types, and there are many kinds of materials and construction parts involved. Third, the major defects of the waterproof work were incorrect installation and missing tasks, which have high defect risks in the garage. This is because defects that require rework occur mainly in the underground garage. Based on these results, this study proposed countermeasures for defect risk management to be considered in the construction, handover, post-handover, and occupancy phases. These have been set in detail based on the three zones: low frequency high severity (LFHS), low frequency low severity (LFLS), and high frequency low severity (HFLS).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2014

To examine the natural regeneration in the natural mixed-broadlived forest, flowering, fruiting, seed-fall, and seed viabilities of Acer ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A. Mey. (AU) were investigated in Mt. Jungwang, Gangwon-do, from 2009 to 2013. The flower of AU consisited many male and bisexual flowers on the raceme (unusual panicle) and the arrangement of two sex morphs are differed for each inflorescence. Flowering dates are differed between sex morph in the same inflorescence. Stamens are stop growing and disappeared after pollinated pistil begin to grow in bisexual flowers, and male flowers have vestial pistil. The flowers of AU might be pollinated by Apis mellifera, Thyris fenestrella seoulensis, Cerambycidae sp., Andrenidae sp. and Ctenophora sp., and had some mechanism to prevent feom self pollination. The number of flower buds per inflorescence is 189 on June 8, and that of young samaras per inflorescence is 41.2 on June 21. At last ripened samaras per inflorescence is reduced 33.4 on September 5. Mean annual seedfall of AU was 6,720 ea/ha (ranged 670~17,930). Rates of sound seeds are highest 43.2%, and those of damaged or decayed seeds are 41.8%,. Those of undeveloped and empty seeds are 10.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Successful regeneration of AU might be in masting year and on the gap sites with proper conditions to germinate and grow. To understand the natural regeneration of the species, Genus Acer, further study on the fruiting habit, pre- and post-dispersal seed viability, and annual variation on these factor should be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Recently, the cultivated area is reduced, the ratio of upland-field in the total cultivated area is increasing relative appeared in 36.2% in 1990 from 43.7% in 2013. If upland-field can be applied well designed-infrastructure, good income crop production is possible, however, maintenance of infrastructure and a significant portion of the upland-field is maintained under insufficient infrastructure. While imports of agricultural products expanded since the 2000s in progress, looking at the self-sufficiency of upland-field crops, it is reduced to from 90% to 42% for the pepper, it is from 90% to 74% for the garlic, cereals is reduced from 42% by 26%. As a result of these conditions, the competitiveness of farmers has weakened, the risk to meet the challenges of this area of production and supply reduction increased. This study was the first to conduct a basic evaluation index, data analysis and evaluation of indicators to diagnose the agricultural production capacity of the upland field. 12 kinds classified index of producing conditions from the natural environment and eight factors for the cultivation and production capabilities have developed for the assessment of productivity of upland-field (especially Kimchi cabbage). Through this regional imbalance was found, based on the production capabilities conditions are good in Haenam, Gangneung, Pyeongchang. 3 Regions have been low and the lowest Youngwol to 0.8992. Climate(Cultivation conditions) indicators of Mungyeong region is the highest, relatively low areas were in Taebaek. In particular, it is determined to be preferred that the area required for the enhancing the production environment based on providing the convenience for the producing and maintenance of the first production area. It is necessary Increasing part of mechanization, agro-industrial competitiveness through aggressive management plans for facilities as required in the process of post-harvest storage, processing, distribution line can be improved.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2016

Reliable assessment of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes greatly improves many practical issues in hydrography, socio-geographical research such as the observation of erosion and accretion, coastal monitoring, ecological effects evaluation. Remote sensing imageries can offer the outstanding capability to monitor nature and extent of land and associated changes over time. Nowadays accurate analysis using remote sensing imageries with high spatio-temporal resolution is required for environmental monitoring. This study develops a methodology of mapping and change detection in LULC by using classified Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2 (KOMPSAT-2) multispectral imageries at Jeonbuk and Jeonnam provinces including protected tidal flats located in the west coasts of Korean peninsula from 2008 to 2015. The LULC maps generated from unsupervised classification were analyzed and evaluated by post-classification change detection methods. The LULC assessment in Jeonbuk and Jeonnam areas had not showed significant changes over time although developed area was gradually increased only by 1.97% and 4.34% at both areas respectively. Overall, the results of this study quantify the land cover change patterns through pixel based analysis which demonstrate the potential of multispectral KOMPSAT-2 images to provide effective and economical LULC maps in the coastal zone over time. This LULC information would be of great interest to the environmental and policy mangers for the better coastal management and political decisions.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.179-197
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• 2020

Topographic normalization reduces the terrain effects on reflectance by adjusting the brightness values of the image pixels to be equal if the pixels cover the same land-cover. Topographic effects are induced by the imaging conditions and tend to be large in high mountainousregions. Therefore, image analysis on mountainous terrain such as estimation of wildfire damage assessment requires appropriate topographic normalization techniques to yield accurate image processing results. However, most of the previous studies focused on the evaluation of topographic normalization on satellite images with moderate-low spatial resolution. Thus, the alleviation of topographic effects on multi-temporal high-resolution images was not dealt enough. In this study, the evaluation of terrain normalization was performed for each band to select the optimal technical combinations for rapid and accurate wildfire damage assessment using PlanetScope images. PlanetScope has considerable potential in the disaster management field as it satisfies the rapid image acquisition by providing the 3 m resolution daily image with global coverage. For comparison of topographic normalization techniques, seven widely used methods were employed on both pre-fire and post-fire images. The analysis on bi-temporal images suggests the optimal combination of techniques which can be applied on images with different land-cover composition. Then, the vegetation index was calculated from the images after the topographic normalization with the proposed method. The wildfire damage detection results were obtained by thresholding the index and showed improvementsin detection accuracy for both object-based and pixel-based image analysis. In addition, the burn severity map was constructed to verify the effects oftopographic correction on a continuous distribution of brightness values.