• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.149-165
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• 2000

As recent developments of Immunology and Nuclear medicine, serum IgE and IgG values are helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effects of nasal allergies. But in Korea, air pollution and the increased use of food additives have become leading factors in nasal allergies, It seems to be induced by environmental change, especially industrialization and urbanization, so allergic rhinitis in our environment has changed in accordance with the changes made in the living environment. Therefore this study is attempted in order to observe a clinical analysis which places more importance on allergic rhinitis. We studied 200 patients who had visited Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center with allergic rhinitis from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999 The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 114 males(57%) and 86 females(43%). In age distribution, the average age was 25. In males, ages ranged from 3 to 66 years old and the average was 23.81. In females, ages ranged from 4 to 67 years old and the average was 28.57. The peak age was 30～39 years old(24%); under 9 years old and 10～19 years old were each 18%; 20～29 years old was 22%; 40～49 years old was 11 %; over 50 years old 6.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.025). 2. In the age of onset, male' s maximum was 62.5, minimum was 0.25; female s maximum was 59.5, minimum was 0.2. Under 9 years old was the most with 34%(male 24%, female 10%), 10～19 years old was 18%, 20～29 years old was 22.5%, 30～39 years old was 13.50%, over 40 years old was 12%, The gulf between males and females were showed statistically significant difference.(p<0.014) 3. The average duration of the disease was 5.67 years. In male and female, the maximum was 30, the minimum was 0.05; under 5 years old was the most with 62%(male 34.50%, female 27.50%); 6～10 years old was 23%. So, under 10 years old was 85%. There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of disease. 4. Regarding type of residence, 47.50% of patients with allergic rhinitis lived in apartments, 52.50% lived in houses. In males, 29.50% lived in apartments, 27.50% lived in houses. In females, 18% lived in apartments, 25% lived in houses. There was no statistically significant difference in the residence by T-test and chi-test. 5. In the distribution of season, spring is the most with 29.5% of patients, winter 28%, fall 25.5%, and summer 17%. But there was no statistically significant difference. 6. After observing 200 patients with allergic rhinitis, classifying main symptoms into 5 types, sneezing was the main symptom in 177cases(88.50%), nasal obstruction in 176cases(88%), rhinorrhea in 169cases(84.5%), post nasal discharge in 87cases(43.50%), and itching in I04cases(52%). The Cumulus ration is 98.50% and symptoms overlapped with an average 3.57±0.1 times but in an analysis of variance of these symptoms, the gulf between males and females was not recognized as statistically significant by T-test and ANOVA. 7. Patients whose families have allergic diseases account for 90 cases(45%) : 49cases(24.50%) male and 41cases(20.50%) female. There were 4 cases (71.11 %) whose families have allergic rhinitis, 9cases(10%) of asthma, and 7.78% with allergic dermatitis. There were 61 (67.80%) cases of patients whose parents have allergic diseases; cases wherein the patient s child had allergic diseases numbered 13 (14.45%); and cases with a sibling with allergic diseases totalled 16cases (17.80%). There was no statistically significant difference in allergic disease regarding sex, parents, or siblings by chi-test. 8. Blood type: For males, type A is the most common, with 37cases(18.5%), followed by type B with 32cases(16%), type O 28cases(l4%) and type AB 13cases(6.5%). For females, type B is the most common, with 30cases(15%), followed by type O with 23cases(l1.5%), type A with 18cases(9%) and type AB with 13cases(6.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in blood type by chi-test. 9. In the selection of prefered food, most patients prefer cool food, with 98 such cases(49%), tepid food in 54cases(27%) and warm food in 48cases(24%). These showed a statistically significant difference in the selection of prefered food between males and females by chi-test(p<0.009). 10. The state of Past History was classified into II types. chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is the most common with 11cases (18.64%), tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy is 8cases(l3.56%), sinusitis is 6cases(10.17%), nasal septum deviation is 4cases, nasal polyp is 2cases, others are 10cases(l6.95%). No statistically significant difference in past history between males and females was shown, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(p<0.002, P<0.0008). 11. Regarding complications, 37 patients (28.91%) had sinusitis: 22cases(17.19%) in male, 15cases(11.72%) in female. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was found in 15cases(11.72%). Others are under 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in the type of complications between males and females, but a statistically significant difference was shown when males and females were compared with total cases by T-test(P<0.00l, P<0.007). 12. In the treatment, medication was used 1691 times, an average of 2.58 times. No.34 was used 370 times for 124 cases, an average of 2.98 times. No. 152 was used 318 times for 106 cases, an average of 3.00 times. No.151 was used 307 times for 97cases, an average of 3.16 times. No. 31 was used 117 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.55 times. No 25 was used 116 times for 33 cases, an average of 3.52 times. 13. In the duration of treatment, the most frequent is 1 week(69cases, 34.50%), the maximum is 20weeks, and the minimum is 1week. A treatment period of 2～3 weeks accounted for 32% of cases, a period of 4～5weeks accounted for 13.5%. The gulf between males and females showed a statistically significant difference in the duration of treatment.(p<0.01). There was a statistical significance when the males were compared with total cases by ANOVA(P<0.03). 14. A comparison between before-treatment and after-treatment showed a statistically significant difference in treatment by T-test (p<0.01) and F-test (p<0.0058).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment on the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic to 3 resin cements. Materials and methods: A total of 143 disk-shaped Zirconia blocks (HASS Co., Gangneung, Korea) were randomly divided into three treatment groups: (1) only 50 ${\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ sandblasting, (2) 50 ${\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ sandblast and zircona liner, (3) 50 ${\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ sandblasting and Rocatec (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Bistite II (Tokuyama Dental Co., Japan), Panavia F (Kuraray Medical, Japan), and Superbond C&B (Sun Medical, Japan) were used to cement onto the zirconia. After 24h of storage in distilled water, shear bond strength was evaluated. High value group was re-tested after thermocycling at 5,000 cycles(5-$55^{\circ}C$). Shear bond strength data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Test (${\alpha}$=.05). Shear bond strength data before and after thermocycling were analyzed with Independent sample T test (${\alpha}$=.05). Results: Super-bond C&B treated with Rocatec showed the most high shear bond strength. Super-bond C&B groups resulted in significantly higher than other cement groups (P<.05). Rocatec groups resulted in significantly higher than other surface treatment groups (P<.05). Shear bond strength has increased in Panavia F treated with Zirconia liner (P<.05). After thermocycling, shear bond strength was increased in Super-bond C&B treated with Rocatec but decreased in other groups (P<.05). Conclusion: Super-bond C&B cement resulted the highest shear bond strength and Rocatec system enhanced the shear bond strength. After thermocycling, shear bond strength has decreased in most resin cements except Super-bond C&B treated with Rocatec.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.1 s.114
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• pp.14-29
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• 2006

Developments in computer technology have made possible the 3-dimensional (3-D) evaluation of hard and soft tissues in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment results. In this study, Korean adults with normal occlusion (male 30, female 30) were scanned by a 3-D laser scanner, then 3-D facial images formed by the Rapidform 2004 program (Inus Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea.). Reference planes in the facial soft tissue 3-D images were established and a 3-D coordinate system (X axis-left/right, Y axis-superior/inferior, Z axis-anterior/posterior) was established by using the soft tissue nasion as the zero point. Twenty-nine measurement points were established on the 3-D image and 43 linear measurements, 8 angular measurements, 29 linear distance ratios were obtained. The results are as follows; there were significant differences between males and females in the nasofrontal angle $(male:\;142^{\circ},\;female:\;147^{\circ})$ and transverse nasal prominence $(male:\;112^{\circ},\;female:\;116^{\circ})$ (p<0.05). The transverse upper lip prominence was $107^{\circ}$ in males, $106^{\circ}$ in females and the transverse mandibular prominence was $76^{\circ}$ in both males and females. Li-Me' was 0.4 times the length of Go-Me'(mandibular body length) and the mouth height was also 0.4 times the width of the mouth width. The linear distance ratio from the coronal reference plane of FT, Zy, Pn, ULPm, Li, Me' was -1/-1/1/0.5/0.5/-0.6 respectively. The 3-D facial model of Korean adults with normal occlusion were be constructed using coordinate values and linear measurement values. These data may be used as a reference in 3-D diagnosis and treatment planning for malocclusion and dentofacial deformity patients and applied for 3-D analysis of facial soft tissue changes before and after orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1566-1573
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• 2006

The study was conducted on 30 true acyclic Sahiwal cows (15 cows, ${\geq}90$ days postpartum; 15 postpubertal heifers, ${\geq}30$ months of age) and a similar 20 untreated controls (10 cows, 10 heifers). An 'Eazi' breed Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) device (containing 1.38 g progesterone) was inserted intravaginally for 7 days (days 0 to 7) followed by 500 IU eCG i.m. at CIDR removal in all the treated animals. Heifers also received 5 mg oestradiol valerate i.m at CIDR insertion. The reproductive performance of these animals was recorded in terms of oestrus induction response, conception and pregnancy rates. Plasma progesterone ($P_4$) and oestradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) profiles of 4 representative animals from each treatment group before, during and after CIDR treatment were also monitored. An oestrus induction response of 100% was observed in treated cows and heifers. The majority of cows (53.3%) and heifers (60%) were induced to oestrus within 24-36 and 36-48 h, respectively after CIDR withdrawal; with mean intervals of $44{\pm}3.18$ and $48{\pm}2.35h$, respectively. The conception rate at induced oestrus was higher in cows (40%) than heifers (20%). The final pregnancy rates after 2 subsequent oestruses were 80 and 60% in cows and heifers, respectively (overall 70% for all treated animals). In comparison, only 10% of control animals (2 cows only, 2/20) showed oestrus and become pregnant (10%) during theentire study period. The pretreatment (day 0) mean plasma P4 levels were statistically (p>0.05) similar in cows and heifers ($0.40{\pm}0.04$ and $0.49{\pm}0.11ng/ml$, respectively). The peak $P_4$ levels were observed on day 1 in cows ($13.94{\pm}1.41ng/ml$) and day 2 in heifers ($19.15{\pm}3.30ng/ml$) with a progressive decline up to the day of CIDR withdrawal ($3.35{\pm}0.92$ and $8.79{\pm}1.71ng/ml$, respectively). Mean $P_4$ levels on day 9 and 10 in cows and heifers did not differ significantly from their respective day 0 values and the lowest values were recorded on day 10 both in cows and heifers ($0.13{\pm}0.03$ and $0.14{\pm}0.02ng/ml$, respectively). Wide variations in individual pretreatment $E_2$ levels were observed both in the cows (range = 4-26, mean = $13.00{\pm}4.65pg/ml$) and heifers (range = 10-14, mean = $11.50{\pm}0.96pg/ml$). Thereafter also, $E_2$ levels in cows showed variation and reached a peak level ($53.50{\pm}2.99pg/ml$) on day 8. In heifers, peak mean $E_2$ level ($111.25{\pm}39.81pg/ml$) was recorded on day 1, followed by a non-significant decline on day 2, a significant fall on day 6 and a non-significant increase on day 9 and 10. However, mean $E_2$ levels on days 7 (p<0.05), 8 and 9 (p<0.01) were significantly higher in cows compared to heifers. The post-CIDR withdrawal mean highest $P_4$ and lowest $E_2$ levels coincided with the period when the majority of animals were induced to oestrus. CIDR and eCG treatment resulted in effective induction of oestrus with satisfactory pregnancy rates in true acyclic Sahiwal cows and heifers.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2005

Purpose: We evaluated the effectiveness of temporary using the extendible external fixator (EF) for lengthening of soft tissue that contracture caused by tumor prosthesis removal in the treatment of complications after limb salvage surgery like deep infection and loosening. Materials and Methods: Five patients six cases were included who underwent extendible EF (Dyna-extor(r)). EF was applied after insertion of half pin to the proximal and distal bone of defect area. EF lengthening started at third day of post-operation, above 2-3 mm per day in the range of no neurological sign. Results: The treatment area was three in femur and two in tibia. Mean age when the time of EF apply was 22.2 years old (range 15-29), but its primary limb salvage operation had done in 13.4 years old (range 9-19), therefore mean times of interval between initial tumor prosthesis reconstruction and temporary EF apply was 8.8 years (range 3-14). One patient had EF for 150 days with 7.2 cm lengthening. Others 5 cases of 4 patients had EF for mean 37 days (range 25-50) and mean soft tissue lengthening was 5.8 cm. Three patients underwent re-insertion of tumor prosthesis and two patients underwent knee fusion as final operation and showed no evidence of infection through mean 22 months follow up period. Conclusion: Temporary using of extendible EF is an effective method for correction of leg shortening which occurred by soft tissue contracture in the complications of limb salvage operation or their treatment process, and it could be provide easily application of tumor prosthesis and knee fusion as final operation.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of Hydroxyapatite ($Bongros^{(R)}$-HA) what use for bone defect after operative treatment of benign bone tumor. Materials and Methods: Hydroxyapatite, was used to treat bone defect after operative treatment of benign bone tumor from September, 2006 to December, 2007. A total of 17 benign bone tumor cases (10 males and 7 females) with mean age of 28.5 was observed studied. The diagnoses were fibrous dysplasia in 8 cases, solitary bone cyst in 5 cases, and giant cell tumor in 4 cases. In categorization by location of tumor, there were 6 cases of proximal femur, 3 cases of proximal femur, 3 cases of proximal tibia, 4 cases of proximal humerus, and 1 case of hip bone. Autogenous bone was used with Hydroxyapatite in 4 cases, and only Hydroxyapatite used in 13 cases. Periods of Follow-up were from 3 months to 15 months, and mean period were 7.5 months. Amount of graft resorption and bone formation was observed with compare of post operation radiograph and the difference was shown by percentage. Results: More than 98% bone uptake was observed after mean 4.5 months, and more than 98% bone formation was observed after mean 6.2 months. Lesser bone defect size showed faster bone formation and it was statistically significant result (P=0.012). But other comparative studies on other factors such as sex, age of patients and combination of autogenous bone were no statistically significant differences in graft resorption and bone formation. And there was no significant complications in periods of follow-up. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite is considered as one of useful method of bone defect after operative treatment of benign bone tumor.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of demineralized bone matrix (DBM, Genesis$^{(R)}$) used for bone defect after operative traetment of benign bone tumors by clinical and radiological methods. Materials and Methods: DBM was used to treat bone defect after operative treatment of benign tumor from February 2012 to May 2013. Total 25 benign bone tumor cases (15 males, and 10 females) with mean age of 30.3 were studied. The diagnoses were solitary bone cyst in 9 cases, non ossifying fibroma in 5, fibrous dysplasia in 5, aneurysmal bone cyst in 3 and enchondroma in 3. In categorization by location of tumor, there were 5 cases of distal femur, 4 of proximal tibia, 3 of proximal femur, 3 of proximal humerus, 3 of phalanx, 2 of distal radius, 2 of hip bone, 2 of calcaneus, and 1 of scapula. Autogenous bone was used with DBM in 6 cases, and only DBM used in 19 cases. Mean periods of follow up were 8.7 months (range: 6 to 14 months). Amount of graft resorption and bone formation was observed with compare of post operation radiograph and the difference was shown by percentage. Resorption level was measured by DBM level which could be observed from simple x-ray, and bone formation level by bone trabecular formation level at impaired site. Results: Twenty three cases of total 25 cases showed bone union. In the 23 cases, more than 98% DBM resorption was observed after mean 4.3 months, and more than 98% bone formation was observed after mean 6.9 months. Lesser bone defect sizes showed faster bone formation and it was statistically significant (p=0.036). But other comparative studies on other factors such as, sex, age of patients and combination of autogenous bone were no statistically significant differences in graft resorption and bone formation. And there was no significant complication in periods of follow-up. Conclusion: Demineralized Bone Matrix (Genesis$^{(R)}$) is thought to be useful treatment for bone defect after operative treatment of benign bone tumor, however longer follow-up periods appears to be needed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the long term significance of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen (Ag) as a tumor marker in uterine cervix carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The SCC antigen levels of pre-radiotherapy and serial post-radiotherapy serum were analyzed in 48 patients who received radiotherapy with histologically proven primary SCC of the uterine cervix. Results: Pre-radiotherapy SCC Ag level was high ($\geq$2 ng/ml) at 79.2$\%$. After the treatment, the SCC Ag level was significantly decreased. The SCC Ag level measured at about 3 months after radiotherapy was high at 23.0$\%$. In further follow up measurements, a rise of the SCC Ag to a high level was well associated with clinical relapse. The specificity of the elevated SCC Ag level in association with recurrent or persistent disease was 100$\%$, and the sensitivity was 85.7$\%$. In 3 of 4 lung metastasis cases, lung lesions were detected in chest PA before elevation of the SCC Ag level. The median lead time of the high SCC Ag level to clinical recurrence was 4 months. Conclusion: SCC Ag was a good tumor marker for monitoring treatment effect in patients with increased pre-treatment levels except in case of early lung metastasis. Elevation of the SCC Ag level after radiotherapy accurately predicted the treatment failure with lead time of 4 months. But, in early lung metastasis cases, the SCC level may be normal temporarily. Thus, chest PA should be checked to evaluate the presence of lung metastasis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.299-310
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to know about the positional change of second molar when orthodontic treatment is performed. To know about it, we andlysed cephalogram pre. and post treatment for 54 adult patients who werefinished orthodontic treatment by banding to the first molar and classify them into 4 groups Class I extraction group 15, Class I nonextraction group 12, Class II group 13, class Class III group 14. The following conclusions were obtained : 1. In the extraction group of Class I , mandibular second molar showed less extrusion and mon distal inclination than first moarl. But maxillary second molar showed more or less extrusive and mesial inclination to much the same degree of first molar. 2. Inthe non-extractio group of Class I, mandibular second molar in intrusive to first molar, it showed smilar distal inclination to first molar. But maxillary second molar is extrusive similarly to first molar. 3. In the group of Class II , mandibular second molar is less extrusive than first molar and maxillary second molar is more extrusive than first molar. 4. In the group of Class III, mandibular second molar showed similar extrusion to first molar and more distal inclination than first molar. But maxillary second molar showed less extrusion than first molar. 5. A comparision of the positional change of second molar among groups : The change of distance from FH plane to funcation point of maxillary second molar is the difference between Class I extraction group and Class II group, Class I extraction group and Class III group. The change of maxillary second molar to palatal plane and occlusal plane is the difference between Class I extraction group and Class III group. And the change of distance from mandibular plan to furcation point of mandibular second molar is difference between Class I extraction group and non-extraction group, Class I non-extraction group and Class II group, Class I non-extraction group and Class III group. But the change of angle of mandibular second molar to mandibular plane and occlusal plane is make no difference in among groups.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.359-371
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• 2010

Facial asymmetry has been found with a higher frequency (70~84%) in skeletal class III malocclusion patients. Anticipating the poor prognosis of prosthesis due to malocclusion, occlusal stability must be obtained by orthodontic treatment. Moreover, orthodontic surgery would be needed in some severe cases for better functional and esthetic results. The orthognathic surgery is performed on one jaw or two jaw depending on the results of facial diagnosis. Genioplasty may change the vertical, horizontal, sagittal position of chin by osteotomy or augmentation using implants, also. This case is about a 24 year-old male patient who visited our clinic to solve the facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. Skeletal class III malocclusion, maxillary canting and menton deviation to left by 13 mm were detected. Multiple ill-fitting prostheses, unesthetic maxillary anterior prostheses, and several dental caries were found. After pre-operative orthodontic treatment, Le-Fort I osteotomy, sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty, right mandibular angle augmentation were done for the correction of jaw relation and asymmetry. By diagnostic wax-up after post-operative orthodontic treatment, maxillary full mouth rehabilitation and mandibular posterior restorations were planned out. For better result, clinical crown lengthening procedure was done on #11, 12 and implant was placed on left mandibular first molar area. The patient was satisfied with the final prostheses. Because of his high caries risk, long-term prognosis will depend on the consistent maintenance of oral hygiene and periodic follow-up.