• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2005

In 2005, the KMOE and an advisory members for environmental health policy are exploring new environmental policy directions in the 21st century by suggesting a 10-year plan of environmental health policy with its specific goals, grounded on four basic principles: preemptive environmental control instead of post hoc facto control of environmental contaminants or discharged substances, receptor-centered approach, priority on protection of the people vulnerable and sensitive to environmental contamination, and warranty of citizens' rights to be engaged and informed. Such new policy challenges in the area of environmental health, which must be significant of important policy shift for environmental health in the 21t century, is expected to conduct to improvement of environmental health in Korea and Northeast Asian Regions as well.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2003

The major purpose of this study is to examine how korean elderly people spend their leisure time in a day In order to do this, we analysed the time dairy which were collected through the national investigation made by Korea National Statistical Office in 1999 and executed the frequency analysis, the One-way ANOVA and the Duncan's post hoc test. Major findings are as follows; First, Korean elderly people spent their leisure time passively and negatively Especially, they spent their most leisure time watching TV. Second, Those who were male elderly people, had their spouses and their own cars, and lived in an urban area etc, spend their leisure time executing positive leisure activity such as self-development activity and sports activity.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived adequacy resource(PAR) and locus of control on the stress from the family resources management in housewives. The subjects of this study were 474 married women who lived in apartment in Taegu, . A questionaire was used as survey method. Factor analysis and MANOVA were employed for data analysis and Scheffe test for post-hoc analysis, . The main findings were ; First the effect of PAR on the degree of the stress from the family resources management was not different according to locus of control. Second the stress from the family resource management was found to be significantly different according to PAR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.3 s.25
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• pp.111-119
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• 1987

The main purposes of the study were to categorize the clothing items into product groups according to their product characteristics, and to find out the differences of consumer perception on clothing Product groups among different age and socioeconomic groups. A questionnaire about characteristics It?as constructed on the basis of Lipton, Darling, and Miracle's theories on product categorisations. The questionnaires were administered to female subjects in two age groups (20's and 40's) living in Seoul. Subjects were classified into 3 socioeconomic groups for the analysis. The Analysis of variance, post-hoc comparisons (Scheffe test and Tuckey test) were employed for the statistical inferences. The results were as follows ; Group I : none Group II : socks, undershirts, T-shirts (20's age group) Group III : blouse, sweater, blue jean, pajama, langerie, T-shirts (40's age group), skirt Group IV : jacket, skirt (high class of 40's age group) two-piece, half coat, long coat, Korean folk costume Group V : none Some of the clothing items were categorized into different product groups by different age and socioeconomic groups.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 1997

It is very common for women wear shoes with a high heel. It has been known that the high heel could disfigure the foot shape and cause various joint problems including back pain. However, few quantitative studies have been conducted. Therefore, in this study, the low back muscle has been investigated in order to find fatifue effect due to different heights of the heel. In particular, 0, 4, 6 and 8cm heel and two different shapes of heel have been used for an experiment. Ten healthy female subjects volunteered for the study. Isometric Trunk Exertion Frame(ITEF) and Electromyography were used to measure tha Median Frequency via Spectral analysis. The results indicated that the heel height significantly affected the local muscle fatigue of the back. After post hoc analysis, it was found that a proper heel height ougth to be lower than 5cm not to have severely fatigued back muscle after a casual walk for an hour. Such results could be applies to female industrial workers in order to prevent a cumulative trauma disorder of the back, and also to design a female dress shoes minimizing low back fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to evaluate impact of computer-based man-machine interfaces of Korea Next Generation Reactor (KNGR) on the operator mental workload. Empirical experiments were conducted to measure the operator mental workloads of KNGR and Yong-Gwang Unit 3 and 4, respectively. A comparison analysis based on a NASA TLX revealed that Yong-Gwang Unit 3 and 4 were superior to KNGR in terms of the mental workload. Post-hoc analyses showed that the mental workload of senior reactor operators was significantly higher than those of reactor and turbine operators, regardless of plant types. The implications of the findings were discussed in detail.

• MALSORI
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• no.44
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• pp.47-59
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• 2002

Mean F0, Jitter, Shimmer, and NHR were measured in 21 opera singers, 13 Korean traditional 'pansori' singers, and 21 non-singers. Four voice sampling conditions were ordinary /α/ prolongation, /α/ prolongation using vocal technique as if the subjects were singing, oral reading of the words of a song, and singing. One-way ANOVA and Sheffe post-hoc analysis were used to identify significant differences among the groups. The mean F0 was significantly different among the 3 groups in all conditions except for the ordinary /α/ prolongation condition. The opera singers produced lower jitter and NHR compared to 'pansori' singers and non-singers only in the singing condition.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate child rare teachers' job satisfaction in relation to their burnout and differences in their job satisfaction by demographic variables. Subjects of this study were 285 child care teachers in Chungnam province. They responded to 'Teachers' Work Satisfaction Scale' and 'Teachers' Burnout Scale.' The collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Pearson's partial correlation, stepwise multiple regression, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test for post hoc test, and Cronbach's a for reliability with SPSS PC program(10.0 version). The results are as follows: First, total job satisfaction was high in teachers with high school diploma and those married. Also, burnout level was high in teachers with high school diploma, those with more than 5 year, those married, and those over 40 years old. Second, the partial correlation coefficient of teachers' job satisfaction in relation to their burnout was -.52. Finally, teachers' burnout and demographic variables explained approximately 31% for total score of job satisfaction and $13{\sim}33%$ for subscales of it.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.97-106
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• 2003

This study explored the relationship between housing values and condominium purchasing behavior. The participants of this study were married women who had bought a condominium at least once and who also were dwelling in one. Survey questionnaires were conducted on 1103 married women from three residential areas in Daegu. The analytical methods used in this study were frequency, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, 1-test, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc estimation (Scheff test), and correlation analysis. The results show that the more the women were oriented toward convenience, education, and investment, the more likely they were to make a rational purchase. Also, the more the women's values were oriented toward conspicuous consumption and investment, the more they were likely to make an investment and ostentatious purchase. The women who valued ostentation and location tended to rely on other people's opinions and advertisement more, and were more likely to be impulsive shoppers. Women who valued convenience, education, and location, made their purchase decisions based on the housing prices.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

It is a common practice in many research areas that multiple range tests for a between subject factor such as Tukey are applied to a within subject factor in a repeated measures design. Tukey procedure, however, sometimes detects no pairs with different means even when the hypothesis of all equal level means is rejected. This study attempts to provide a rationale for the proposition that Tukey is inappropriate post hoc procedure for a within subject factor in which the observations are correlated. We introduce two multiple range tests, Bonferroni and Scheffe, for a within subject factor and show that Bonferroni is more appropriate than Scheffe for pairwise multiple comparisons. Subsequent simulation study indicates that Tukey has significantly less power than Bonferroni in detecting actual difference between means of some pairs when the observations of a within subject factor are highly correlated.