• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.103-108
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• 1998

The Canadian production of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) occurs mainly in Ontario, British Columbia and the Atlantic provinces. Although ginseng is a profitable crop, its successful production is dependent on careful consideration of cultural management f include site selection, site preparation, seed selection and handling, shading actors which and mulching, pest and nutritional management, and handling of harvested crops. Diseases of particular concern in Atlantic Canada are root rots caused by Phytopkthora cactorum, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium sp. Recently two systemic fungicides (metalaxyl and fosetylal) were registered; however, growers in Atlantic Canada have experienced metalaxyl resistance resulting from the reliance on this single compound for the control of Phytophthora sap. Current research being conducted on alternative control of these diseases will be discussed. In weed control research, 2, 4-D, MCPA, clopyralid have continued to show promise for weed contro1 at low rates. In trials to evaluate non-selective herbicides as post-senescence or pre-emergence in ginseng, glyphosate (Round-up) provided control of perennials as well as willowherb and lambsquarters. In phytoxicity trials, ginseng significantly tolerated grass herbicides, including clethodim, rimsulfuron, trakloxydim, nicosulfuron and fenoxyprop. For broadleaf herbicides, significant tolerance was shown for bromoxynil, thifensulfuron methyl, flumetulam/clopyralid, thifensulfuro/tribenuron. Disease and weed management of ginseng in Atlantic Canada will be discussed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2021

Analysis of long term affecting factors on water quality items of gas emission form (BOD, COD) and leachate emission form (T-N, non-bio-degradable COD (NBDCOD)) was performed for the SUDOKWON 1st Landfill Site (LS1) and 2nd Landfill Site (LS2). As landfill gas was generated, BOD and COD decreased from 6,887 and 20,025 mg/L in 1993 to 49.5 and 670.2 mg/L in 2019, respectively. TN and NBDCOD increased with waste decomposition but gradually decreased after landfill closure because of the precipitation infiltration effect. Due to the drastic decline of carbon in the leachate, the BOD/TN ratios of LS1 and LS2 declined from 13.0 and 17.0 during early stage of the landfill to 0.07 and 0.16 in 2019, respectively; LS2 and NBDCOD/COD increased from 0.25 to 0.65 during the same period. These conditions caused carbon deficiency in denitrification treatment and a chemical post-treatment request for NBDCOD. The different behaviors of gas emission and leachate emission items suggest the necessity of different strategic approaches in the long term perspective.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.647-654
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• 2012

The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution chart of management and satisfaction through Hanwoo education program and to provide fundamental data and development conformity available on the management and educational program to managers. In this study, we chose 75 managers taking part in Hanwoo education program as pre-test and applied satisfaction for education program to 33 managers randomly selected as post-test. The results of this study are as follows: First, age and academic career had a significant (P<0.05) effect on breeding size, breeding career, sales, and management methods. This may be due to the fact that managers in Hanwoo industry tended to raise academic standards and the age group moved towards young age rather than middle and old ages. However, an academic career was unaffected by sale and management methods. Second, managers who randomly selected the education program showed higher satisfaction about the program and lower or usual interest and intention in the educational environment, incidental facilities, and reviews. In conclusion, to equip the constituent parts of education program with entire propriety and an effective running system, information on breeding size and breeding career for managers in Hanwoo Industry with respect to age and academic career had to be clearly premeditated. It also needed the educational program to look at it from the standpoint of the managers.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2014

The Yeongsan river estuary has a serious water quality problem due to the water stagnation and it is imperative to predict the changes of water quality for mitigating water pollution. EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) model was mainly utilized to predict the changes of water quality for the estuary. The EFDC modeling normally accompanies the large volume of modeling output. For checking the spatial distribution of the modeling results, post-processing for converting of the output is prerequisite and mainly post-processing program is EFDC_Explorer. However, EFDC_Explorer only shows the spatial distribution of the time series and this doesn't support overlay function with other thematic maps. This means the impossible to the connection analysis with a various GIS data and high dimensional analysis. Therefore, this study aims to develop a post-processing system of a EFDC output to use them as GIS layers. For achieving this purpose, a editing module for main input files, and a module for converting binary format into an ASCII format, and a module for converting it into a layer format to use in a GIS based environment, and a module for visualizing the reconfigured model result efficiently were developed. Using the developed system, result file is possible to automatically convert the GIS based layer and it is possible to utilize for water quality management.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.311-321
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• 2021

Perception of the public to structural fires is very important because there are only a number of tall timber buildings constructed in the world. People are hesitating to accept tall timber buildings, so it is essential to ensure the first generation of tall timber buildings to a very high standard, especially fire safety. Right now, there are no specific design standards or regulations for fire design of tall timber buildings in Europe. Even though heavy timber members have better fire resistance than steel components, many conditions still need to be verified before considering the use of timber materials, e.g. fire spread, post-fire collapse, etc. This research numerically explores the structural behaviours of a tall Glulam building when one of its internal Glulam (Glued laminated timber) columns fails after sustaining a full 120-min standard fire and is removed from the established finite element building model created in SAP2000. The numerical results demonstrate that the failure and removal of the selected internal Glulam column may lead to the local failure of the adjacent CLT (Cross laminated timber) floor slabs, but will not lead to large disproportionate damage and collapse of the whole building. Here, the building is assumed to be located in Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

Artificial lighting is an essential part, but it causes light pollution due to unnecessary or excessive use of light. Light pollution has negative effects such as power waste, adverse health effects, destruction of the ecosystem. But currently, light pollution is managed only post-management. The purpose of this study is to standardize methods of environmental impact assessment focusing on light pollution to effectively manage and reduce the negative effect of areas that may cause light pollution in advance.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.9-22
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• 2012

Though geologic storage of $CO_2$ (GS) is considered as an attractive technological option to enormously reduce greenhouse gases emission into the atmosphere, many concerns on potential environmental and health risks associated with $CO_2$ leakage have been raised. In particular, groundwater contamination due to the brine displacement by a pressure build-up and the acidification by leaked $CO_2$ is paid a special attention. Therefore, integrated regulatory frameworks have been established by law in many countries to secure the permanent containment of injected $CO_2$. Regulatory frameworks deal with entire processes of GS, including site selection, monitoring and post-closure environmental management. This review paper provides a summary of regulatory frameworks in USA (U.S. EPA Geologic Sequestration Rule) and EU (Geologic $CO_2$ Sequestration Directive). The regulatory framework to properly address environmental issues should be established for the deployment of CCS projects in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.378-387
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• 2022

Since air pollution has become a global issue to be managed, the Republic of Korea (ROC) is protecting air quality by predicting the air condition before a construction project starts through EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA) and measuring the air condition afterwards the construction project ends through Post-environmental Impact Assessment (PEIA). The aim of this study consists on verifying the predicted and measured concentration data and analyzing their consistency in order to deduce improvement directions. Linear EIA projects which the investigation during operation period have been concluded between years 2017 and 2019 were used. As a result, the following improvement directions were suggested: reduction of EIA air quality standards, strengthen the management of projects with construction duration longer than 5 years, incorporation of first or second quarter (winter or spring) into the investigation period, consideration of construction equipment or conditions for better prediction. The strength of this study is that we arranged and utilized EIA predicted and PEIA measured data to understand the present EIA procedure and made meaningful suggestions through the consistency analysis contributing to air quality maintenance and investigation methodology enhancement.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.420-429
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• 2018

Soil stabilization is a soil remediation technique that reduces the mobility of heavy metals in soils. Although it is a well-established technique, it is nonetheless essential to perform a follow-up chemical assessment via a leaching test to evaluate the immobilization of heavy metals in the soil matrix. Unfortunately, a standard chemical assessment is not sufficient for evaluation of the biological functional state of stabilized soils slated for agricultural use. Therefore, it is useful to employ a pyrosequencing-based microbial community analysis for the purpose. In this study, a recently stabilized site in the proximity of an exhausted mine was analyzed for bacterial diversity, richness, and relative abundance as well as the effect of environmental factors. Based on the Shannon and Chao1 indices and rarefaction curves, the results showed that the stabilized layer exhibited lower bacterial diversity than control soils. The prevalence of dominant bacterial populations was examined in a hierarchical manner. Relatively high abundances of Proteobacteria and Methylobacter tundripaludum were observed in the stabilized soil. In particular, there was substantial abundance of the Methylobacter genus, which is known for its association with heavy metal contamination. The study demonstrated the efficacy of (micro)biological assessment for aiding in the understanding and post-management of stabilized soils.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

In Korea, a need of automatic dairy farm management system has been increased to lower production cost and to strengthen international competition. However, the present management system was mostly relied on foreign technologies and caused some problems in post management and after-sales services. Therefore, though there is a problem of price and quality at present, domestic technologies of the management system should be developed for the long run. This study was conducted to develop an electronic identification unit for an automatic dairy farm management system. The developed system was consisted of a tag, a reader, a switching circuit, and a personal computer. The tag attachable to each individual cow was developed to transmit individual radio frequency(RF) code into the air with modulation of ASK(amplitude shift keying). And the switching circuit was added to avoid confusion on reception and transmittance. The reader attached to a feeding device was developed to transmit activating signal periodically and to identify code of the individual tag when the tag was approached to the device. The reader was consisted of an active filter, a detecter, a comparator and a microcontroller. The test result was feasible enough to apply it for the automatic farm management system and the identified maximum distance was about 37cm.