• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2014

The radioprotective effects of a single administration of kojic acid (KA) against ionizing radiation were evaluated via assessment of 30-day survival and alterations of peripheral blood parameters of adult C57BL/6 male mice. The 30-day survival rate of mice pretreated with KA (75 or 300 mg/kg body weight, KA75 or KA300) subcutaneously 27 h prior to a lethal dose (8 Gy, 153.52 cGy/min) of gamma irradiation was higher than that of mice irradiated alone (40% or 60% vs 0%). It was observed that the white blood cell (WBC) count/the red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit and platelet count of mice with or without KA pretreatment as exposed to a sub-lethal dose (4 Gy, 148.14 cGy/min) of gamma irradiation decreased maximally at day 4/day 8 post-irradiation. Although the initial WBC values were low in KA300 or WR-2721 (amifostine) groups, they significantly recovered to normal at day 19, whereas in the control group they did not. The results from the cytotoxicity and cell viability assays demonstrated that KA could highly protect Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells against ionizing radiation with low toxicity. In summary, KA provides marked radioprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2008

The embryonic germ cell (EGCs) of mice is a kind of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated from pre- and post-migratory primordial germ cells (PGCs). Most previous studies on DNA methylation of EGCs were restricted to 12.5 days post coitum (dpc). This study was designed to establish and characterize murine EGC lines from migrated PGCs as late as 13.5 dpc and to estimate the degrees of methylation of their imprinted genes as well as of the non-imprinted locus, Oct4, using an accurate and quantitative method of measurement. We established five independent EGC lines from post migratory PGCs of 11.5-13.5 dpc from C57BL/6 ${\times}$ DBA/2 F1 hybrid mouse fetuses. All the EGCs exhibited the typical features of pluripotent cells including hypomethylation of the Oct4 regulatory region. We examined the methylation status of three imprinted genes; Igf2, Igf2r and H19 in the five EGC lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis. Igf2r was almost unmethylated in all the EGC lines irrespective of the their sex and stage of isolation; Igf2 and H19 were more methylated than Igf2r, especially in male EGCs. Moreover, EGCs derived at 13.5 dpc exhibited higher levels of DNA methylation than those from earlier stages. These results suggest that in vitro derived EGCs acquire different epigenotypes from their parental in vivo migratory PGCs, and that sex-specific de novo methylation occurs in the Igf2 and H19 genes of EGCs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2009

The $\beta$-glucans derived from yeast cell walls have been reported for having many immunomodulatory activities in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Aureobasidium-derived soluble branched (1,3-1,6) $\beta$-glucan (Sophy $\beta$-glucan) was checked for natural killer (NK) activity and for the production of IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-4 in Leishmania amazonensis infection. The main experiment was performed with a group of female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, orally supplemented with 5% of Sophy $\beta$-glucan and infected with promastogotes of L. amazonensis ($1\;{\times}\;10^7$) into the footpad. Increase in the footpad thickness with time was observed in BALB/c mice in spite of the oral Sophy $\beta$-glucan supplement, but it was less in C57BL/6 mice. The difference in overall mean footpad thickness between 'infection only' versus 'infection + glucan' groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). High NK activity in C57BL/6 than BALB/c mice was observed in 'glucan only' group compared to the control group and also in 'infection + glucan' group compared to 'infection only' group. The difference in the NK activity among these groups was significant (P < 0.05). The IFN-$\gamma$ level increased at weeks 7 and 8 post-infection in C57BL/6 mice and was significantly high in 'infection + glucan' group compared to the 'infection only' group (P < 0.05). IL-4 levels did not increase up to detectable levels throughout the study. The results led a conclusion that Sophy $\beta$-glucan enhances NK activity and cellular immunity in L. amazonensis-infected mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2008

Ampicillin, a $\beta$-lactam antibiotic, has been reported to induce astrocytic glutamate transporter-l which plays a crucial role in protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. We investigated the effect of ampicillin on neuronal damage in the mouse hippocampus and neostriatum following transient global forebrain ischemia. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with halothane and subjected to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery for 40 min. Ampicillin was administered post-ischemically (for 3 days) and/or pre-ischemically (for $3{\sim}5$ days until one day before the onset of ischemia). Pre- and post-ischemic treatment with ampicillin (50 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day) prevented ischemic neuronal death in the medial CAI area of the hippocampus as well as the neostriatum in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ischemic neuronal damage was reduced by pre-ischemic treatment with ampicillin (200 mg/kg/day). In summary, our results suggest that ampicillin plays a functional role as a chemical preconditioning agent that protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic insult.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 1989

The changes of plasma prostaglandin $E_2$ level, natural killer cell activity and tumor cell growth were assayed after transplantation of EL-4 leukemia cells in C57BL/6 mice. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Plasma prostaglandin $E_2$ level was increased in EL-4 bearing mice, but indomethacin treated mice group showed low level. 2. The tumor-derived prostaglandin $E_2$ inhibited the post-target binding cytolytic process of natural killer activity. 3. Indomethacin inhibited the growth of prostaglandin secreting EL-4 solid tumor.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

The impact of antibiotic (Norfloxacin) administration ,at different concentration (50 ppm and 100 ppm) on commercial characters of bivoltine $({CSR_2}{\times}{CR_4})$ and the cross breed race $({BL_67}{\times}{CSR_101})$ was studied. The result indicated that antibiotic administration with different concentrations significantly improved the rearing and cocoon parameters like larval duration, larval weight, growth index, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio. The post cocoon parameters like average filament length, non-breakable filament length, raw silk percentage, raw silk recovery percentage, denier, reelability and neatness were recorded significantly higher in antibiotic treated batches. The better performances of these parameters were recorded with the increase of antibiotic concentration.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.166-175
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• 2004

Background: Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme capable of synthesizing telomeric repeats, attracts attention for its possible role in determining the replicative capacity of normal somatic cells, transformed cells, and cells of the germline lineage. Differently from normal somatic cells with no telomerase activity, normal lymphocytes has been reported to have telomerase activity comparable to that found in transformed cells during development and activation, which substantiate a role in supporting the capacity of lymphocytes for extensive clonal expansion. Methods: Here, in order to define the telomerase regulation in murine T lymphocytes, telomerase activity in cloned murine $CD8^+$ T cells and naive $CD8^+$ T cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice was examined. Next, the regulatory mechanism of telomerase activity at transcriptional and post- translational levels was investigated by determining the expression level of the TERT protein, a key component for telomerase activity. Results: It was demonstrated that telomerase activity was expressed in an inactivated state as well as in an activated state in the murine $CD8^+$ T lymphocytes by using TRAP assay. The increase of telomerase activity was partially dependent on the net increase of TERT expression. Also, telomerase activity was decreased after treatment with protein kinase inhibitors, indicating that telomerase activation was prevented by inhibition of phosphorylation. Conclusion: Therefore, these results suggest that telomerase activity is constitutively expressed in the murine resting T lymphocytes and controlled by both transcriptional regulation and post- ranslational modifications.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2001

청줄돔과 (Family Pomacanthidae)의 한 종인 Pomacanthus xanthometopon 후기자어의 외부형태를 관찰하였다. 표본은 2001년 5월 5일 서태평양 ($26^{\circ}9'N$, $125^{\circ}0'W$)에서 채집되었다. 표본의 체장은 8.0 mm였다. 몸은 현저히 옆으로 측편되어 있으며 체고는 체장의 66.3%였다. 항문은 등지느러미를 기준으로 8~9번째 극조의 하단부에 위치하였다. 2~4개로 구성된 소극이 몸 전체를 덮고 있었다. 성어에서 보이는 강한 전새개골극이 없었다. 점상의 흑색소포는 두정부, 목덜미, 몸통의 위쪽부분과 등지느러미의 1~11번째 극조의 지느러미막에 분포하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2000

Object : This study is designed to evaluate effects of acupuncture and herb-medication by the data of DITI(Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) examination and the changes of clinical symptoms after the therapy of acupuncture and herb-medication in the patients with Bell's palsy. Contents : The conservative therapy with acupuncture and herb-medication was performed during 1-8weeks. The acupuncture points of S4, S6, G14, S2, BL2, SI18, TE23, LI4 and S36 was used. In the pre- and post therapy, DITI examinations were performed in patients who had Bell's palsy and were treated by acupuncture simultaneously, and then tried to correlate the results of clinical symptoms with the difference of thermographic findings at pre-and post acupuncture. Setting : The standard routine themographic examinations were performed with thermography (DITI) in the 16 patients with Bell's palsy at pre- and post acupuncture. patients : Thermographic imaging of 16cases was analyzed. They had diagnosed Bell's palsy. They were treated by acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in Wonkwang Oriental Hospital from Jauary, 1999 to February, 2000. Results : The results of treatment showes that 56.25% of patients achieved excellent recovery and 31.25% achieved good recovery. After compairing the DITI results before and after treatment, we found 43.75% of patients achieved excellent recovery and 43.75% achieved good recovery. Conclusion :Acupuncture showed good results over 87.5% in clinical evaluation and 87.5% in DITI. Thermographic examination showes terapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

Objectives : The conventional direct and indirect moxibustion therapies for prostate treatment could not been applied to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(Conception Vessel Meridian 1, 會陰) because of its boring body region. The position of $CV_1$(會陰) is the back side of hard part between the anus and the genital organ. The conventional moxibustion methods have many troubles in operating to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(會陰). In order to get rid of these problems, we have suggested the special heat generating terminal especially for prostate. The features of the special heat generating terminal for prostate are the low temperature infrared heater and the adhesive moxa-pad. These features are no burnt, no fiery and especially suitable for the point of $CV_1$(會陰). Methods: The heat generating terminal which is a part of the moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer is composed of a PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficients) ceramic heater and the adhesive moxa-pad We had got the experimental demonstrations by the stimulating the acupuncture points which are $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(Bladder Meridian 28, 膀胱兪), and $CV_3$(Conception Vessel Meridian 3, 中極) with the special heat generating terminal for the prostatitis and the benign prosthetic hypertrophy. And the stimulation level was 43$^{\circ}C$ infrared heat for one hour. The type of thermography is IRIS-5000. Results : With one subject suffering the prostatitis and another subject suffering the benign prosthetic hypertrophy, we cauterized the acupuncture points $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(膀胱兪) and $CV_3$(中極) with the special heat generating terminal for prostate. We measured the temperature variations by the thermography before and after stimulations. Finally we estimated the tendency of temperature decreasing in the region of post-stroke urinary symptoms and the improvement of nocturnal enuresis after the stimulations. Conclusions : We suggest that the special heat generating terminal of moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer proposed herein is effective for the treatment of prostate by NIH-CPSI and IPSS.