• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2015

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a very important viral disease virus in cattle, domestic and wild ruminants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA from Korean native and beef cattle reared in Busan area from March in 2013 to October in 2014. A total of 1,129 bovine blood samples were collected from 140 farms, 1,111 Korean native cattle of 135 farms and 18 beef cattle of 5 farms. Test for antigen was carried out by ELISA method. In general analysis, the positive rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen were 0.7% (8/1,129) cattle and 5.0% (7/140) farm. In regional analysis, the positive rate of BVDV antigen of farm in Kijang-gun, Gangseo-gu, Geumjeong-gu, Saha-gu and Dongnae-gu were 1.4% (2/94), 3.6% (5/37), 0% (0/7), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively, and the positive rate of BVDV antigen of cattle were 0.4% (3/770), 1.5% (5/333), 0% (0/24), 0% (0/1) and 0% (0/1), respectively. The positive rate of BVDV antigen according to sex were 0.6% (6/1,085) female cattle and 4.6% (2/44) male cattle. According to the age of cattle, the positive rate of BVDV antigen in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years old were 1.9% (4/215), 0.4% (1/265), 0.9% (2/234) and 1.0% (1/103), respectively, but 4 years (0/198), 6 years (0/55), 7 years (0/24), 8 years (0/14), 9 years (0/10), 10 years (0/7) and 11-15 years (0/3) old were negative, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1984

Clinical measurement of thyroid autoantibodies in sera of some thyroid disorders have been widely applied since about twenty years ago. We investigated the incidence and titers of both anti microsomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies in forty eight cases with controls and one hundred and thirty three patients with some form of thyroid disorders. The results were as follows; 1) In controls, antimicrosomal antibodies were positive in 2% but anti thyroglobulin antibodies were all negative. 2) In a series of one hundred and thirty three patients with thyroid disease, anti microsomal antibodies were positive in 44% but antithyroglobulin antibodies were positive in only 15%. 3) The rate disclosing the positive results of antimicrosomal antibodies were 71 % in Hashmoto's disease, 60% in Graves' disease, and 38% in primary hypothroidism, respectively. On the other hand, the positive results of antithyroglobulin antibodies showed 21 % in Graves' disease, 19% in primary hypothyroidism, and 18% in Hashmoto's disease, respectively. Though there were relatively high rate of both antimicrosomal and anti thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with nodular goiter, they were only seven cases in our series. 4) The rate with the extremely high titers of antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies$(>1:160^2)$ was 83% and 67% in Hashmoto's disease, 50% and 67% in primary hypothyroidism, and 41% and 18% in Graves' disease. Accordingly, the thyroid autoantibodies were commonly found higher positive rate in patients with Hashmoto's disease, primary hypothyroidism, and Graves' disease. Among these disorders, the extremely high positive rate of the thyroid autoantibodies was found in patients with Hashmoto's disease.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.261-270
• /
• 1986

A total of 339 urethral, vaginal swab and eye discharge materials from the out-patients in the hospitals of Seoul area was microbiologically collected for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection during May through August, 1985. McCoy cell culture system (MCC) and enzyme-likned immunosorbent assay (EIA) methods were employed in this study as the tools for the detection of C. trachomatis, and the detectabilities of two methods were compared. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. The positive rate of C. trachomatis in 339 swab specimens was 18.6%, and the rate in females (20.1%) was much higher than that in males (7.1%). 2. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection the prostitutes was the highest (24.2%), and the rate in the eye discharge specimens obtained from the new barns was 12.8%. 3. The positive rates of C. trachmoatis infection detected in the specimens from the patients with vaginitis and leucorrhea, with infertility, with cystitis and with nongonococcal urethritis were 17.2%, 21.9%. 18.0% and 7.1%, respectively. 4. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection in 20-25 age group was 30.5%. This rate was the highest among the other age groups. 5. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection in the randomly screened 89 swab specimens by EIA (30.3%) was much higher than the rate detected by MCC (18.6%). 6. The positive rate of C. trachomatis infection in females detected by EIA was also much higher than in males, and the 20-25 age group showed the highest positive rate as compared to the other age groups. 7. Sensitivity and specificity of EIA for the detection on C. trachomatis were 100% and 88.6%, respectively, in case that MCC was regarded as perfect method. In summarizing the above results, it is known that considerable cases with genital diseases and with eye discharges were associated with C. trachomatis, and that EIA method is recommendable for the detection of C. trachomatis especially in the specimens swabed from the genital tracts.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 1988

Clonorchiasis should be realized as an important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. This study was designed to obtain the infection rate, contributing factors as well as the behavior of infected persons among the factory workers in Pohang area where that parasite still remains as a problem. Study was undertaken from September '86 to October '87. Clonorchiasis skin test was performed for 3180 factory workers, and stools of skin test positive reactors were examined. Praziquantel was prescribed to stool examination positive persons for clonorchis sinensis ova. After one year. stool examination was repeated for them who received medicine. At the same time. a structured questionnaire was given and the results were analyzed and compared with control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis. 1) Clonorchiassis skin test positive rate was $26.2\%$ (834/3180). 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova) positive rate among skin test positive reactors was $21.6\%$ (129/598) All 129 infected persons were male. 2. Contributing factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection. 1) The chance of infection was higher in low-educated peple(p<0.01) 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova)positive rate was higher among the persons who reside near the riverside now(p<0.01), or among the persons who long history of riverside residence(p<0.01) 3) The infection rate was higher in thoes who like sliced raw fresh water fishes than in those who like cooked fishes(p<0.05). 4) Correct answering rate for questions about the cause and route of Clonorchis sinensis infection was low in infected persons. 5) The infection rate was lower among those who had experience of previous clonorchiasis test(p<0.01). 6) Family members of infected persons show higher rates of infection(p <0.01). 3. Treatment effect and compliance of infected person to treatment. 1) After one year, negative stool conversion rate was $85.4\%$. 2) $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine; Only $3.1\%$ of them consulted to physician to know the medication effect; As many as $29.4\%$ of them continued to consume raw fresh water fishes. As a conclusion, City of Pohang area, Hyung San River in the center, is an endemic area of clonorchiasis. Current clonorchiasis control system seemed to be ineffective; many of the skin test positive group did not submitted their stool for examination; only $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine even though the drugs were given free of charge; $29.4\%$ continued to consume raw fresh water fishes after taking medicine. Therefore. proper education program should be provided to improve the compliance to treatment. Follow-up for infected cases is mandatory to prevent waste of restricted budget.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2018

The article studies the effect of US real effective exchange rate and short-term interest rate on Chnise exports and imports using the EGARCH-GED model. This article analyze the effect of US major economic variables on China's exports and imports as the US pushes for interest rate hikes and worsens trade wars with China. The main results are as follows. The US short-term interest rate has a significant positive effect on China's trade volume. Even in the case of China's exports, US short-term interest rate has a significant positive effect. However, in the case of China's imports, in contrast to exports, US short-term interest rate do not have a significant effects and US real effective exchange rate has a significant positive effect. On the other hand, China's policy interest rate has a negative impact on China's imports and not statistically significant, but it has a significant positive effect on China's exports.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.2 no.2 s.2
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 1987

The incidence of Sexually Transmitted Disease has risen despite the progress in its diagnosis and treatment methods. For the effective control programs of S.T.D it should be required medical and social approaches. This survey was conducted in Young Dung Po and Sung Buk areas from June, 1986 to September, 1986. The 1185 prostitutes were studies in order to determine the prevalences of sexually transmitted disease. The results were as follows: 1. The average age of prostitutes was $24.0\pm3.9$ years. The age group of 21-25 years old was the highest level of about $70.3\%$. 2. The positive rate on non Gonococcal urethites was $9.1\%$ at Sung Buk area and $15.3\%$ at Young Dung Po area. 3. The positive rate of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae on culture of TM media was $6.4\%$ or total level and incidence ratio of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae: Non Gonococcal urethritis was 1: 1.7. 4. The positive rate of PPNG was occupied about $26.3\%$ among the total NG positive case. 5. The positive rate of VDRL Slide Test was $2.9\%$, and antibody Titer level of 1:2 was $38.8\%$. it was the highest of all Titer distribution.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 1969

Researches to determine the infectious status on the pancreatic fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum(Janson 1889) Looss, 1907, were made into several slaughter hauses at four different districts through seven years from 1963 to 1969. The infection rate showed 2962 positive of 5974 heads (49.6%) of cattle at the Seoul first slaughter hause in Seoul, 881 positive of 1021 heads (86.3%) in Cheju, and six(6) positive of 56 heads (11.1%) at Suwon, 58 positive of 306 heads(19.0%)at Joenju. The infection rate 53.1%, (2907 positive heads of total 7357 heads exammed) is the representative infection rate at the cattle eurytremiasis in Korea. It showed little variation through a year and was increased as compared with those of the past period, from 1915 to 1945. Fecal examinations in order to find out the local distribution of the pancreatic fluke were conducted on cattle, sheep, and goats raised in four districts, showing two(2) of 269 heads (0.7%) in Kyonggi-do, 41 of 212 heads (19.3%) in Cheju-do, and negative in both Chungnam-do and Joenbuk-do. When an artificial infection wss performed on rabbits and goats with metacercaria of the pancreatic fluke, Parenchyma of their pancreas were degenerated and the ducts were dilated. When cattle and sheep were infected naturally, the pancreatic ducts were also dilated, the wall was thickened, and adenomatous and epithelial hyperplasia was appeared. The conclusion, putting the foregoing pathological changes, has been arrived at chronic hyperplastic pancreatitis in the eurytremiasis of cattle, sheep, goats and rabbits.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 1985

The present study has been designed as a basic study on laboratory diagnosis of giardiasis and to demonstrate a more effective method for the detection of Giardia lamblia cyst with the inherent advantages of minimizing both the number of stool examinations required and the interval of stool collections for estimating the real state of prevalence in the shortest time possible. There were 3 subject groups of 75 children each currently residing in an orphanage in Gunsan city, Jeonbuk province from which stool specimens were collected every day, every other day, and every 3 days. The procedure is as follows: 1) resuspend the InKed sample after fixation with SAF solution 2) centrifuge the sediment for 1 min. at 2, 000 rpm after straining through gauze into a tube 3) divide the sediment into 3 parts and use them for direct fecal smear, formalin-ether concentration (MGL) and zinc sulfate ($ZnSO_4$) floatation techniques. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Overall infection rate after 10 trials showed a 60% positive indication. The positive rate among children under 4 years old was significantly higher than the rate in children over 4 years old. No significant difference in rate by sex was observed. 2. The results of eBaminations by direct fecal smear and MGL techniques appeared more accurate than that obtained by $ZnSO_4$ ftoatation method as indicated by a higher positive rate. Of all three methods concerned, combinations of two demonstrated a higher positive rate than that shown by any one alone. 3. In three consecutive examinations under varying conditions such as different days, the cyst detection rate by MGL technique indicated 83%. In 5 examinations under the same varying conditions, the indicated rate was 94%. 4. The interval of stool collection proved to be insignificant for the cyst detection rate. In conclusion, both MGL method and modified fecal direct smear can provide a good cyst detection rate of G. lamblia provided that more than 3 consecutive examinations of stool under varying conditions are carried out.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.21
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1987

To determine the hepatitis 8 virus infection rate of the medical school students and appropriate time for immunization with hepatitis B vaccine,355 students in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades of Medical School of Kyungpook National University who had not been vaccinated and volunteered to participate in this study were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc with radioimmunoassay method (Abbott Lab. kit). A questionnaire was administered to ask the history of transfusion, acupuncture and surgery. HBsAg positive students were retested 16 months after the initial test. Overall HBsAg positive rate was 6.8% and the age adjusted rate for male (7.2%) was higher than that for female (4.9%). Anti-HBs positive rate was 35.3% (36.1% for male, 37.9% for female) and anti-HBc positive rate was 45.5% (46.5% for male,44.7% for female). Overall hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate was 49.1% and the infection rate for male (50.3%) was slightly higher than that for female (46.5%). HBsAg positive rate and infection rate were increased as the grade increased but it was attributed to the age distribution of the students. HBaAg positive rate for 20 years old students was 1.7%; 21 years, 6.6%; 22 years, 6.1%; 23 years, 12.2%; and 24 years and older, 6.4%. HBV infection rate showed an increasing trend as age increased; 45.8% for 20 years,41.5% for 21 years, 49.5% for 22 years, 55.5% for 23 years and 59.6% for 24 years and older. The age differences in HBsAg positive rates and HBV infection rates did not reach the statistical significance level of 0.05. However, these findings and similar age differences in HBsAg positive rates and HBV infection rates observed in other study suggest that there is a significant age differences. Study of the same age group in other schools and different social classes is warranted to confirm the age difference. Clarification of the reason for such differences would provide a clue to identify the major route of HBV transmission in this age group. Among 26 HBsAg positive students in the initial test, only one student was active hepatitis patient. Out of 24 students who had follow-up test after 16 months 22 students were positive for HBaAg and two students became HBsAg negative and anti-HBs positive. It is obvious that nearly one-half of the medical school students were infected with HBV before 20 years of age and the HBV infection occurs in medical school. Thus, it is recommended to test all the students for HBV infection soon after the admission to the medical school and immunize all the susceptible students with hepatitis B vaccine and give booster as they start to practice at a hospital.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.63-77
• /
• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of personal characteristics, loan characteristics, and interest rate characteristics of 2,653 borrowers on the delinquency possibility. In doing so, this study applies both multiple regression and logistic regression models to the data of credit unions in the city of Daegu. Design/Methodology/Approach - The major results of multiple regression analysis using SPSS are as follows. Findings - As for the results of testing the significance of the regression coefficients, it has been found that among the personal characteristics variables membership, credit rating, credit rating changes, and LTV have significant positive (+) effects on the delinquency possibility. Also it has been shown that among the loan characteristics variables loan amount, loan balance, total debt amount, collateral type, collateral amount, and repayment method have significant positive (+) effects on the delinquency possibility. Furthermore it has been found that among the interest rate characteristics variables both overdue interest rate and interest rate spread have positive (+) effects on the delinquency possibility. However, it has been shown that among the personal characteristics variables equity and membership do not have significant effects on the delinquency possibility, and that normal interest rate among the interest rate characteristics variables also do not have a significant effect on the delinquency possibility. Research Implications - By systematically analyzing the variables affecting delinquency possibility based on the results of this study, credit unions might get positive help in improving the system of managing receivables. Furthermore, the results of this study could be extended and applied to other types of financial institutions, so that financial institutions in general will also get some help to systematically manage the delinquency possibility.