• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.207-226
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• 2009

Lately in the medical world, they realized that the spirit is important for health best of all, and in the WHO, the meaning of health was "The condition of being sound in body, mind", now as they added the spirit to there, it became "The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit". Even though we know well about the importance of spirit, but it is difficult to make sure what that mean is. Even in the Psychology, they didn't distinguish clearly the spirit from the mind. In this report, we have revealed the traits of spirit from the classic theory of spirit to the today's, as studying at side of biology and psychology. Especially the spirit have been developed remarkably for a long time at every religion. Recently in the medical world, they connected 'the spirit of Buddhism' to 'MBSR', and 'the spirit of Christianity' to 'Breakout Principle' with medical method. So, we have studied how the spirit give the positive contribution to the Psycho-therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of individuals with social anxiety tendency and normal people according to existence of emotional context in attention processing for positive facial stimulation. To do this, we investigated attentional processing for positive face stimuli in a condition without/with emotional context. SADS and CES-D were administered to 800 undergraduate students in D city and the social anxiety group (SA, n=24) and the normal control group (NC, n=24) were selected. In order to measure the two factors of attention process (attention engagement and attention disengagement), first gaze direction and first gaze time were measured through eye-movement tracking. The results show that the SA group exhibited faster attention disengagement from positive face stimuli compared to the NC group in the condition without context. But, when the positive context presented with positive face stimuli, there is no difference between SA and NC. This result suggests that the positive background affects emotional processing of social anxiety disorder.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

This study analyzes consumers' preference trend, positive and negative factors in regards to luxury brands by researching changes in the consumer awareness of luxury brands, preference trends and psychological awareness based on big data to suggest a creative business strategy for corporations that can help Korean brands enter global luxury brand markets. The study results are as follows. Preferred items (consumer) psychology, positive awareness and negative awareness were derived based on the last five years of social big data on Korean consumers' preferred brands. First, the Korean consumers' preferred brands for the recent five years indicated that Dolce & Gabbana (2013), ESCADA (2012), Gucci (2011, 2009) and Chanel (2010) were most preferred and Prada, Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Burberry, Fendi, Givenchy and Dior were also shown to be preferred brands. Second, bags (such as shoulder bags) were shown to be the most preferred items for luxury brand items that consumers wished to own. Third, it was analyzed that keywords for consumer psychology in regards to luxury brands included: diverse, new, outstanding, overwhelming, luxurious, glamorous, worldwide, famous, success and good. Fourth, consumers' positive awareness regarding luxury brands included: diverse, luxury, famous, outstanding, perfect, bright and luxurious. Fifth, negative awareness included: price factors of expensive, high price and excessive as well as factors to be improved upon such as old, bland, flashy, crude, unfriendly and fake.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.91-101
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find a therapeutic intervention for a couple in the pre-divorce stage. We used data from the case study to examine the factors related to marital conflict and enhancements related to the family of origin. Our sample was the couple in pre-divorce stage who has been married for 3 years. The therapeutic intervention methods used were taken from Positive Psychology, Family Systems Theory, Communication Theory, and Solution-Focused Therapy. We counseled the couple once a week for 10 sessions from $5^{th}$ October to $7^{th}$ December in 2010. Our objective was to give a positive perspective on the couple who was in the pre-divorce stage. We also provided clear-cut, practical techniques for responding productively to inappropriate expressions of anger. The couple acquired strategies to make their relationship work more effectively. Finally, the couple set their family goals for adjustment instead of divorce.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.45-65
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a fundamental prevention of tax avoidance behaviors by individual businesses. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed factors surveyed individual business managers' disposition(type) of tax avoidance to determine factors influencing the avoidance, and proposed direction for further studies. Several hypotheses suggested here were verified to find that factors such as tax system, tax psychology, tax knowledge, social culture and the expectation of tax avoidance had effects on individual businesses' disposition of such avoidance. The multiple regression analysis made here showed that such factors as tax psychology, tax system and the expectation of tax avoidance affected the disposition of such avoidance and that the disposition was most influenced by tax system, followed by the expectation of tax avoidance and tax psychology in order. In conclusion, factors that have positive relations with tax avoidance, or tax burden and tax administration and those that have negative relations, or tax ethics and sanction are not helpful to preventing the avoidance. This is not consistent with previous results. Now behaviors of tax avoidance by individual businesses are prevailing and becoming more serious. In this sense, objective measurement devices should be developed to make possible further scientific studies about such behaviors. For the development, support by appropriate policies is needed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.267-282
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the usability of a robot in kindergartens and the children's perceptions of that robot. In order to answer these questions, a field study, picture drawing and interviews were conducted over twelve days in a kindergarten located in Seoul. Our results indicated that children were likely to use the robot in a group and girls tended to use it more than boys. Children's affection towards the robot was positive and they perceived the robot mostly in terms of a friend. Finally, the picture drawing activity differed according to the usability level. Children who were in the high usability level grouping engaged more with educational content and storytelling while the low usability level grouping utilized the robot for singing in a large group.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.205-232
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• 2011

With the rapid growth of internet technology, social commerce has played an important and central role in the online shopping area. Thus, we focus on the factors that influence on the adoption of social commerce. This study analyzes the relationship between perceived risk and the shopping motive in social commerce, and investigates whether the shopping motive significantly impact the purchase intention of the social commerce. The perceived risk is comprised of social risk and psychology risk, and the shopping motive is formed from personal motive and social motive. Finally, we analysis a moderating effect of collectivism. The results indicated that the personal motive was negatively affected by the social risk and psychology risk, and social motive was negatively affected by the psychology risk. The social risk and psychology risk had negative effect on the purchase intention, and personal motive and social motive had positive effect on the purchase intention of the social commerce. Finally, low collectivism seems to have the negative effect of the purchase intention by the perceived risk. The implications of integrating perceived risk and shopping motive into the proposed social commerce adoption model are discussed.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

Individual personality traits are key factors that affect users' self-disclosure on SNS. We examined the relationship between an individual personality trait (i.e., narcissism) and three dimensions of self-disclosure behavior on Facebook (i.e., intention, level, and control of self-disclosure). A total of 261 Facebook users completed an online survey. The findings showed that more narcissistic individuals engage in deeper levels of self-disclosure and do so with greater intentionality than previous research indicated. More interestingly, narcissistic users simultaneously tend to control their expressions in public by concealing who they really are. Overall, these findings suggested that the self-disclosures on Facebook must not investigated by a single dimensions for better understanding of psychological dynamics of it users. In addition, the present research suggested that the narcissism should not be regarded as a predictor which simply gives either a positive or negative influence on self-disclosing behaviors in SNS.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2019

The paper aims to investigate the factors of brand equity affecting the purchase intention of car buyers in Ho Chi Minh City. The authors use qualitative method and quantitative research to study the matters, specifically using scales and data collected for Cronbach alpha reliability testing, analysizing the discovery factor of EFA, CFA and verifying the regression models through AMOS software with SEM linear modeling. The study proposes four factors: (1) brand awareness, (2) self-expression value, (3) perceived quality, (4) brand psychology impacting on the brand loyalty and intention to buy cars of customers. The results show that all four factors are statistically significant for positive brand loyalty and purchase willing. The results showed that brand loyalty positively affects consumers' intention to buy cars. Among the factors included in the study, the brand psychology is a new factor which developed by experts in the context of Vietnam. This is the first study in Vietnam to quantify clearly the element of "crowd psychology" affecting the interests and habits of Vietnamese consumers. This explains why Vietnamese consumers prefer brands that are familiar in the market and some new cars with nice models and colors suitable for Vietnamese psychology.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.95-121
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• 2010

The colour response reflects the cultural psychology of a nation or an ethnical group. Therefore the necessity and the importance of the investigations about the colours have been raised recently because of the possibilities for the diverse and practical applications in the modern industries. But there are certain tendencies for the investigations of the colours that depend upon the traditional and generalized approaches with which the meaning of the colour is used to be limited with the generalized interpretations that does not use to pay attention on the unique characteristics of a nation or an ethnical group. The object of this study has been planned and realized for the case study in Mexican City. In February of the year 2010 the colour response enquete had been realized during seven days and 128 peoples had participated. We've obtained information through the questionnaire method, getting the fact that the mexicans do response in some other ways. The results of this investigation tell us that the positive colours and the negative ones are different from the colours that the americans and the britains select. This investigation will serve as a basic study on the cultural psychology of the mexicans through the colours.