• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

A method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for neonicotinoid pesticide analysis in agricultural products. Four compounds (imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid) were extracted with acetonitrile from agricultural products and cleaned up by NH₂ solid-phase extraction procedure, and eluted with 0.1% formic acid in methanol/dichloromethane (5/95, v/v). The limit of detection and quantification were 0.0001-0.0005 mg/kg and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recoveries of neonicotinoid pesticide from agricultural products were in the range of 90.7-100.9% and 94.4-99.8%, as spiked at 0.2 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. This validation satisfied the national criteria for pesticide analytical methods. In summary, The present method is fast, precise and sensitive enough for the Positive List System (PLS), and we conclude that the method is also suitable for neonicotinoid pesticide determination in a wide range of agricultural products.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2020

As pesticide safety was extended to agricultural environments and Positive List System was carried out, Pesticide safety management in soils has become even more important. To improve pesticide safety in soils needs the degradation technology of the residues in soils and reduce plant uptake of pesticides. In this study, biochars and quicklime as the degradation methods of pesticides (azoxystrboin, procymidone and tricyclazole) were used to identify the reduction effects. The experimental methods were putting biochars and quicklimes (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0% per 15 cm soil weight) in soils and analyzing the pesticide residues at 0, 10, 20, 35, 50 day. To identify the reduction effects of uptake from soil to korean cabbages (roots, leave, stems) by biochar treatment, the residues in samples were analyzed. As a results, azoxystrobin (36-96%), procymidone (40-117%) and tricyclazole (26-83%) were reduced in soils when treated with 2.0% quicklime (p<0.05). There were no reduction effect in soils when treated with 1.0% or less biochar. However, the amounts of residues translocated to roots (0.11-1.62 mg/kg), leave (0.05-0.29 mg/kg), stems (0.06-0.1 mg/kg) were reduced treated with 2.0% biochar treatments. The biochar and quicklime can be applicable to agricultural field to improve pesticide safety in soils.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.566-576
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• 2017

Key-value stores proved its superiority by being applied to various NoSQL databases such as Redis, Memcached. Lookup performance is important because key-value store applications performs more lookup than insert operations in most environments. However, in traditional applications, lookup may be slow because hash tables are constructed out of linked-list. Therefore, cuckoo hashing has been getting attention from the academia for constant lookup time, and bucketized cuckoo hashing (BCH) has been proposed since it can achieve high load factor. In this paper, we introduce Sorting Cuckoo which inserts data using insertion sort in BCH structure. Sorting Cuckoo determines the existence of a key with a relatively small memory access because data are sorted in each buckets. In particular, the higher memory load factor, the better lookup performance than BCH's. Experimental results show that Sorting Cuckoo has smaller memory access than BCH's as many as about 19 million (25%) in 10 million negative lookup operations (key is not in the table), about 4 million times (10%) in 10 million positive lookup operations (where it is) with load factor 95%.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate and measure the Test-anxiety of college students in OO Oriental Medicine by using Korea's version-Test Anxiey Inventory(K-TAI-K), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), etc. Methods : We studied 181 students who being at OO College of Oriental Medicine in second semester, 2007 We used some questionaries like K-TAI-K, STAI, SCL-90-R , College Life Satisfacaion, Life Event Questionnaire. Results and Conclusions : 1.141 persons(83,43%) of students feel the largest test anxiety before test. 18 persons(9.94%) of students feel the largest test anxiety after test. 2.The 1st grade students of preparatory course and 4th grade students of regular course have the lowest score in State Anxiety Inventory and obsessive-compulsive of SCL-90-R. The 2nd grade students of regular course have the lowest score in State Anxiety Inventory and obsessive-compulsive of SCL-90-R 3. Students who failed in test one time have the lowest score , and who failed in test more than two times have the highest score in K-TAl-K Students who failed one time in grade promotion more than two times showed high score in second K-TAI-K. 4. The higher grade, the lower score in College Life Satisfaction. The scores of College Life Satisfaction have negative correlations with those of K-TAI-K, STAI SCL-90-R except phobic anxiety, 5. The scores of Life Event Questionnaire have positive correlations with those of K-TAI-K, STAI and SCL-90-R except phobic anxiety. 6. The scores of K-TAl-K have positive correlations with those of STAI, SCL-90-R, College Life Satisfaction and Life Event Questionnaire. A correlation coefficient of obsessive-compulsive scale is highest, anxiety scale is second, interpersonal sensitivity scale is third, depression scale is fourth high among the scales of SCL-90-R.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.380-386
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• 2020

The study was conducted for the safety evaluation of 320 pesticide residues in 768 Lentinula edodes fruit body samples and 143 L. edodes media samples, which are distributed nationwide in South Korea. The monitoring method was the second of the multi-residue methods in the Korean Food Code. GC-ECD, GC-NPD, and GC-MSD were used as evaluation equipment for analysis. Single-analysis of the target pesticides was performed for mepiquat chloride. Through the analysis of collected L. edodes samples, pesticide residues were detected in total seven cases, including four L. edodes fruit body samples and three L. edodes media samples. The detected pesticide residues were carbendazim, diflubenzuron, fluopyram, and dinotefuran. In this study, carbendazim was detected in three L. edodes fruit body samples and one L. edodes media sample. The detected amount of carbendazim was 0.056, 0.17, 0.043, and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of carbendazim in the collected L. edodes samples was detected below the MRLs (maximum residue level). The detected amounts of fluopyram and dinotefuran were 0.068 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. Two pesticide residues were detected in the medium in one case. Mepiquat chloride was not detected in this study. These results suggested that residual pesticides were detected in a small number of collected L. edodes. However, the PLS for unregistered pesticides MRL was 0.01 ppm; therefore, we have to conduct research on preparing safety standards for mushrooms, including L. edodes.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the energy expenditure and investigate the relationship between related variables in 70 female university students. Resting energy expenditure estimated by Harris-Benedict formula, WHO/NAO/FAO formula and various formulas based on body weight and body surface area were 1366.9$\pm$74.4kcal/day, 1287.8$\pm$106.6kcal/day, 1171.4$\pm$155.8kcal/day and 1342.0$\pm$97.4kcal/day. Measured resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry(Model : Metavine and TrueOne2400) were 1582.0$\pm$150.1kcal/day and 1268.2$\pm$152.9kcal/day, respectively. Average step number per day was 11981.2$\pm$3014.4 steps and average step number per hour was 746.1$\pm$198.0 steps/hr. Daily energy expenditure by using Harris-Benedict formula, body weight formula, body surface area formula, WHO/NAO.FAO formula and 15-min check list formula were 2374.7$\pm$249.6kcal, 2033.5$\pm$313.2kcal, 2331.2$\pm$266.0kcal, 2240.8$\pm$185.5kcal and 2195.5$\pm$398.3kcal. Meanwhile energy intake of subjects was 1714.9$\pm$551.2 kcal. Daily energy expenditure has positive correlation(r=0.262) with daily step number. And there was significant positive correlations(r=0.35-0.68) between various daily energy expenditures and muscle mass. These results suggested that increase of daily step number by using pedometer is good method to increase daily energy expenditure. In particular, increase in step number can reinforce the amounts of muscle.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2004

Hwabyung is a Korean culture bound syndrome and translated as anger syndrome at DSM-IV. And it is caused by the suppression of anger and has characteristics of chest discomfort, burning up as physical symptoms, and mortification, chagrin as psychological symptoms. It is very common in the field of psychiatry in Korea with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). * Objective : 95 patients with MDD or Hwabyung, who visited the department of psychiatry in Korea University Medical Center or oriental medical hospital of Kyunghee Medical Center from May 2003 to August 2003, were selected for the study to compare between Major Depressive Disorder and Hwabyung. * Methods : The Structured Clinical Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (SCID) and Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule (HBDIS) were conducted for diagnosis. And Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was carried out for comparison between MDD and Hwabyung. * Result : Among the 95 patients, MDD group was 23 persons, Hwabyung group was 36 persons, and MDD plus Hwabyung group was 36 persons and it occupied 37.9%. MDD plus Hwabyung group had higher scores than any other groups in the whole dimensions of SCL-90-R. Hwabyung group had higher scores than MDD group in somatization, anxiety, hostility, Global Severity Index(GSI) and positive symptom total (p<.05) of SCL-90-R, but two groups had no difference in obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal-sensitivity, depression, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, positive symptom distress index of SCL-90-R. * Conclusion : These result showed that Hwabyung is similar to MDD at the point of depression and psychoticism but more severe at somatization, anxiety and anger than MDD.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2013

A total of 2,080 forensic autopsies in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi province were performed by the National Forensic Service (NFS) in 2010. After analysing blood samples collected at autopsies by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, the types and prevalence of drugs and poisons in blood were investigated using our laboratory information management system. Among 2,080 cases, 1,061 cases (51%) were positive for drugs and poisons. Surprisingly, antidepressants were identified in 137 cases which comprised 13% of the positive cases. Twelve different kinds of antidepressants were determined: Amitriptyline, fluoxetine, nortriptyline, trazodone, imipramine, mirtazapine, citalopram, venlafaxin, clomipramine, paroxetine, sertraline and bupropion. Amitriptyline was the most frequently detected antidepressant and was identified in 39 cases. Moreover, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and nortriptyline were included in the list of the 20 most commonly encountered drugs or poisons in the analysis of blood collected at autopsies from 2007 to 2009, indicating the prevalence of their use. In this study, the 137 antidepressant-related deaths were classified by the mode of death to predict the prevalence of these drugs. As a result, those deaths were divided into four groups based on the cause and mode of death: 56 cases of suicide with fatal concentrations of antidepressant drugs in blood, 6 homicidal cases directly or indirectly related to antidepressants, 59 natural deaths with antidepressants detected in blood and 16 deaths caused by fire or other accidents with antidepressants detected in blood. Because incidents involving antidepressants have been increasing, especially in suicides or homicides, it is necessary for the health authorities and law enforcement administrations to cooperate and share the statistical data for curbing the abuse of antidepressants. This report is expected to provide the reference data related with antidepressants for the investigation of the deaths.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.639-651
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined relationships among stress, stress coping strategies, and somatization in mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families in a rural area. Methods: Elderly mothers-in-law (n=227) living with foreign daughters-in-law completed a self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from April to August 2009. Questions related to stress (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), coping strategies (Coping Strategy Scale) for stress, and somatization (Symptom Check List 90, Revised). SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Subjects had a moderate level of stress (5.03). There were significant differences in stress level according to age, educational level, religion, chronic disease, health status, number of children, agreement of an international marriage of her sons, satisfaction in living with a foreign daughter-in-law, and family conflict. Stress showed a significant positive correlation with offensive coping strategy, passive strategy, and somatization. Stress, offensive coping strategy, and passive coping strategy affected the level of somatization. Conclusion: In a family situation involving co-habitation of mother- and foreign daughter-in-law, increased stress experienced by the mother-in-law can lead to increased offensive and passive coping strategies, and increased somatization. More effective means of stress reduction are needed for mothers-in-law from multi-cultural families.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.1
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• pp.69-108
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• 1995

Listening comprehension can be defined as a process of an integrative, positive and creative activity through which listeners get the message of speakers' production using linguistic or non-linguistic redundancy as well as linguistic or non-linguistic knowledge. Compared with reading comprehension, it has many difficulties especially for foreigners. while it can be transferred to the other skills: speaking, reading, writing. With this said, listening comprehension can be taught effectively using the following teaching strategies. First. systematic and intensive instruction of segmental phonemes, suprasegmental phonemes and sound changes must be given to remove the difficulties of listening comprehension concerned with the identification of sounds. Second, vocabulary drill through various games and other activities is absolutely needed until words can be unconsciously recognized. Without this, comprehension is almost impossible. Third, instruction of sentence structures is thought to be essential considering grammar is supplementary to listening comprehension and reading comprehension for academic purpose. So grammar translation drills, mechanical drills, meaningful drills and communicative drills should be performed in succession with common or frequently used structures. Fourth, listening activities for overall comprehension should teach how to receive overall meaning of intended messages intact. Linguists and literatures have listed some specific activities as follows: Total Physical Response, dictation, role playing, singing songs, selective listening, picture recognition, list activities, completion, prediction, true or false choice, multiple choice, seeking of specific information, summarizing, problem-solving and decision-making, recognization of relationships between speakers, recognition of mood, attitude and behavior of speakers.