• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2016

The Electrostatic Charge Prevention Technology is a core factor that highly influences the yield of Ultra High Resolution Flat Panel Display and high-integrated semiconductor manufacturing processes. The corona or x-ray ionizations are commonly used in order to eliminate static charges during manufacturing processes. To develop such a revolutionary x-ray ionizer that is free of x-ray radiation and has function to control the volume of ion formation simultaneously is a goal of this research and it absolutely overcomes the current risks of x-ray ionization. Under the International Commission on Radiological Protection, it must have a leakage radiation level that should be lower than a recommended level that is $1{\mu}Sv/hour$. In this research, the new generation of x-ray ionizer can easily control both the volume of ion formation and the leakage radiation level at the same time. In the research, the test constraints were set and the descriptions are as below; First, In order not to leak x-ray radiation while testing, the shielding box was fully installed around the test equipment area. Second, Implement the metallic Ring Electrode along a tube window and applied zero to ${\pm}8kV$ with respect to manage the positive and negative ions formation. Lastly, the ion duty ratio was able to be controlled in different test set-ups along with a free x-ray leakage through the metallic Ring Electrode. In the result of experiment, the maximum x-ray radiation leakage was $0.2{\mu}Sv/h$. These outcome is lower than the ICRP 103 recommended value, which is $1{\mu}Sv/h$. When applying voltage to the metallic ring electrode, the positive decay time was 2.18s at the distance of 300 mm and its slope was 0.272. In addition, the negative decay time was 2.1s at the distance of 300 mm and its slope was 0.262. At the distance of 200 mm, the positive decay time was 2.29s and its slope was 0.286. The negative decay time was 2.35s and its slope was 0.293. At the distance of 100 mm, the positive decay time was 2.71s and its slope was 0.338. The negative decay time was 3.07s and its slope was 0.383. According to these research, the observation was shown that these new concept of ionizer is able to minimize the leakage radiation level and to control the positive and negative ion duty ratio while ionization.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the clinical presentations of symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 children aged <20 years who showed either positive C. difficile culture or C. difficile toxin test results between June 2010 and April 2014. Results: Of the 43 patients (mean age 6.7 years), 22 were boys. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed both positive C. difficile culture and toxin test results. Seventeen out of 43 children (39.5%) had preexisting gastrointestinal diseases, and 26 children had other medical conditions that were risk factors for CDI. Twenty-eight children had a history of antibiotic treatment for >3 days, and the most frequently prescribed antibiotic was amoxicillin-clavulanate (35.7%). Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with CDI despite taking probiotic supplements, most commonly Lactobacillus acidophilus (53.6%). The most common symptom was diarrhea (72.1%) at the time CDI was diagnosed. C. difficile was eradicated in 11 patients (25.6%) after treatment with oral metronidazole for 10-14 days, and in the two patients (4.6%) who required two courses of oral metronidazole. Sixteen patients (37.2%) showed clinical improvement without any treatment. Conclusion: This study showed the various clinical characteristics of CDI in children and that preexisting clinical conditions favored the development of CDI. In addition, CDI was found to occur in a number of patients even after probiotic prophylaxis given in conjunction with antibiotic therapy.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the Short Form of Bobath Memorial Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Scale (BMFRAS-SF). Methods: A validation study was conducted on 207 elderly patients aged over 65 who were admitted to Bobath Memorial Hospital. Fall risk scores of BMFRAS, composed of eight subscales (age, fall history, physical activity, consciousness level, communication, fall risk factors, underlying disease, and medications) were assessed from the electronic medical record. BMFRAS-SF was derived from eight subscales of the BMFRAS representing the significance between fallers and non-fallers (fall history, physical activity, fall risk factors, underlying disease, and medications). Internal consistency reliability and interrater reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha and kappa coefficient. Validity was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, factor analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values, and a receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) were generated. Results: Fallers had significantly higher risk scores than non-fallers in fall history, physical activity, fall risk factors, underlying disease, and medication scales. The BMFRAS-SF demonstrated acceptable Cronbach's alpha (.706) and kappa coefficients of .95. The BMFRAS-SF subscales showed good convergent validity and construct validity. The BMFRAS-SF presented good sensitivity(86.7%), specificity(67.9%), positive predictive value(42.9%) and good negative predictive value(94.8%) at a cut-off score of 5. Areas under the ROC curves were .860 for the BMFRAS and .861 for the BMFRAS-SF. Conclusion: The BMFRAS-SF was proved to be reliable and valid. It could be used for time-saving assessment and evaluation of the high risks for falls in clinical practice settings.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2010

Purpose : Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is known for malignant tumor which has a favorable prognosis and long-term survival. Although the prognosis for patients with PTC is generally good, PTC tends to have highly metastatic property. The purpose of this study was to analyze the central compartment lymph node in papillary thyroid cancer with no lymph node metastasis clinically and to assess the significance of prophylactic node dissection. Methods : A retrospective review was carried out in 394 patients with PTC who underwent surgery for the period from January 2004 to December 2006. The positive rate of the lymph node metastasis was analyzed. The relations between the central compartment lymph nodes and the patients' age, gender, tumor size, exrathyroidal extension(ETE), multifocality, and bilaterality were comparatively analyzed in PTC patients with preoperative no lymph node metastasis. Results : The enrolled patients were 40 male and 354 female cases. The 118 cases of them were found to have cervical lymph node metastasis. The mean age was 46 years(range, 15-77years). Tumor size(p=0.000), ETE(p=0.001), multifocality(p=0.014), and bilaterality(p=0.001) were significantly related factors for cervical lymph node metastasis clinically in papillary thyroid cancer. However, age and gender were not significantly related with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion : Although no lymph node metastasis clinically, prophylactic neck node dissection can be performed to avoid risks of local recurrence and reoperation in the light of PTC nature. The pathological status and high positive rate of central compartment lymph node relate to tumor size and extrathyroidal extension. Close surveillance for nodal status is required in follow-up.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2018

협력적 소비는 소비에 공유 패러다임을 적용하여 자원고갈과 환경오염 문제를 완화할 수 있는 대안적 소비방식이자 공유경제 시스템 내에서 새로운 가치를 창출하는 비즈니스모델로서 의미가 있다. 협력적 소비에 참여하는 개인은 자신의 것을 공유하는 제공자가 되기도 하며 공유된 것을 사용하는 사용자가 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 제공자 및 사용자로서 협력적 소비에 참여하고자 하는 의도에 지각된 혜택, 주관적 규범, 참여용이성인식이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 전반적으로 지각된 혜택과 주관적 규범은 높게 나타난 반면, 협력적 소비 참여용이성인식은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 제공자 및 사용자로서 협력적 소비에 참여할 의도는 주관적 규범과 참여용이성인식에 정적 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 소비자가 협력적 소비에 참여하는 데 주변 사람들의 지지와 자신의 능력에 대한 인식이 중요한 요인으로 작용함을 의미한다. 따라서 협력적 소비를 활성화하기 위해서는 협력적 소비에 대한 소비자의 긍정적 태도를 형성하고 협력적 소비의 필요성에 대한 사회적 공감대를 형성할 수 있는 커뮤니케이션 전략이 필요하다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2005

This study is to analyze the effects of child's inner risk factors and outer risk factors intermediated by self concept on his or her resiliency at-risk. For this study, the total of 500 students in their fifth and sixth grade of elementary schools in Busan and their parents were sampled, and a measurement tool is question district court. The questionnaire for the parents measured risk factors, and the questionnaire for the students measured self-concept and about the resiliency at-risk. The SPSS for Win 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 were used to analyze the collected data. The result of this study is as follows; First, there is a significant correlation between the sub-factors of inner risk factors, which shows that the risks of students are caused not just by one of the parents but by both of them. Second, all three variables, that is, inner risk factors, self-concepts, and the resiliency at-risk, closely interact one another. The less inner risk factors of the students, the more positive their self-concept and the more the resiliency to the risk. Third, the higher the socioeconomic status (outer risk factors) and the lower the degree of risk of the family, the more positive the self-concept of the students. Fourth, the higher the socioeconomic status(outer risk factors) and the lower the degree of risk of the family, the more the resiliency to the risk.

• 인지과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.305-324
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• 2007

여러 과학기술에 대해 사람들이 가진 감정적 심상이 각 과학기술의 위험과 이득을 판단할 때 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 단어 연상 기법을 통해 특정 과학기술에 대해 떠오르는 심상들이 무엇인지 확인하고 그 심상값으로 감정을 측정하였다. 감정추단 가설의 예언대로 과학기술에 대한 전반적인 감정에 따라 해당 과학기술을 더 유익하거나 더 위험하게 지각한다는 것을 확인하였다. 다시 말하면, 사람들이 판단의 대상에 대해 긍정적 감정을 가지고 있으면 부정적 감정을 가진 경우보다 위험을 더 낮게 지각하고 이득은 더 높게 지각하였다. 이와 반대로 부정적 감정을 가지고 있으면 긍정적 감정을 가진 경우보다 위험을 더 높게 지각하고 이득은 더 낮게 지각하였다. 또한 과학기술에 대한 판단에서 지각된 위험과 지각된 이득간에 부적 상관이 있었다. 감정추단의 작용을 시사하는 이런 결과들을 감정 측정 그리고 과학기술에 대한 의사소통의 필요성 측면에서 논의하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 항만기업 종사자들의 정보보안인식정도와 지각된 정보보안위험 정도에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 어떤 것들이 있는지를 실증 분석하는 것이다. 특히, 지각된 정보보안위험에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위하여 위험분석방법론을 토대로 자산, 위협, 취약성과의 관계를 분석하였다. 252개의 유효설문을 대상으로 AMOS를 이용한 구조방정식 모형 분석을 하였다. 연구결과를 보면, 첫째, 항만기업 종사자의 경우 정보자산은 지각된 정보보안위험에 유의하지 않은 결과로 분석되었다. 둘째, 위협, 취약성은 지각된 정보보안위험에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 정보보안인식과 정보보안교육, 정보보안인식과 정보보안의도와의 관계는 유의하게 분석되었다. 그러나 정보보안관심도는 정보보안인식에 유의하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2010

인식과 태도를 알아보았다. 연구결과 과학교사들은 나노기술에 대한 인식도가 높았으나 구체적인 정보는 옳게 이해하지 못하고 있었다. 과학교사들의 나노기술에 대한 태도는 매우 긍정적이었으며, 나노기술의 긍정적인 면뿐 아니라 부정적인 면에 대해서도 인식하고 있었다. 과학교사들은 대부분의 나노기술 적용분야에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 갖고 있었는데, 개인정보를 담은 체내 삽입형 칩이나 나노분자 미각 향상제 등에 대해서는 부정적인 태도를 나타냈다. 과학교사들은 나노기술에 관련된 정보를 TV, 인터넷과 같은 다양한 곳에서 얻고 있었으나 교과서나 교사용 자료에서는 거의 얻고 있지 못했다. 과학교사들은 대부분의 교과서가 나노관련 개념의 소개가 부족한 편이라고 인식하고 있었다. 과학교사들은 주로 교과서에 나노관련내용이 있을 경우에 이를 수업시간에 설명하고 있었으며, 수업시간에 나노관련 개념을 전혀 설명하지 않는 교사의 비율도 높았다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2017

We determined the risk factors for late embryonic mortality in dairy cows. We diagnosed pregnancy at 31 days and then confirmed the diagnosis at 45 days after artificial insemination (AI) via ultrasonography. The presence of an embryo with a heartbeat was the criterion for a positive pregnancy diagnosis. A diagnosis of late embryonic mortality was made when there was no positive sign of pregnancy in cows previously diagnosed as pregnant. The overall incidence of late embryonic mortality among 3,695 pregnancies was 6.9%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that herd size, AI month, synchronization protocol, and postpartum disease were important risk factors for late embryonic mortality. Herd size > 100 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.66, p < 0.05) and 50-100 lactating cows (OR: 0.63, p < 0.01) had lower risks of late embryonic mortality than herd size < 50 lactating cows. Cows inseminated during May-July had a higher risk (OR: 1.49, p < 0.05) of late embryonic mortality than cows inseminated during February-April. Cows inseminated after estrus following $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment also had a higher risk (OR: 1.77, p < 0.001) of late embryonic mortality than cows inseminated following natural estrus. Lastly, cows with postpartum disease tended to have a higher risk (OR: 1.26, p < 0.1) of late embryonic mortality than cows without postpartum disease. In conclusion, late embryonic mortality associated with the herd size, AI month, synchronization protocol, and postpartum disease in dairy cows.