• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

Position encoding is a method of applying weights according to position of words that appear in a sentence. Pointer networks is a deep learning model that outputs corresponding index with an input sequence. This model can be applied to coreference resolution using attribute. However, the pointer networks has a problem in that its performance is degraded when the length of input sequence is long. To solve this problem, we proposed two contributions to resolve the coreference. First, we applied position encoding and dynamic position encoding to pointer networks. Second, we stack deeply layers of encoder to make high-level abstraction. As results, the position encoding based stacked pointer networks model proposed in this paper had a CoNLL F1 performance of 71.78%, which was improved by 6.01% compared to vanilla pointer networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.529-531
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• 2000

본 논문은 Geometry Compression 분야에서 다뤄지는 압축기법 중 delta encoding 과정을 보완하여 좀 더 높은 압축률을 얻고자 하는 vertex position prediction 과정에 대한 내용으로 구성되어 있다. 이것은 triangle strip 형태의 입력을 받아서 그 vertex data 중 position 정보들간의 delta encoding 과정을 예측 기법을 이용한 encoding 과정으로 대체하여 Huffman encoding 과정에서의 symbol 개수를 줄여 압축률을 향상시키자는 개념에서 출발한다. triangle strip 생성 기법 중 greedy algorithm을 적용한 후, 기존의 parallelogram 방식과 이 논문에서 새로이 제안하는 방식을 비교하여 보다 나은 압축 방식을 제시하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 이 논문에서 제시하는 방식을 실험한 결과, 기존의 예측 기법에 비해 2.4% 정도의 향상을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2012

Instead of the surface pattern arranged repeatedly in two axial direction on a plane, we propose double patterns superposing two one-axial linear patterns as a reference target for surface encoding. A upper layer of the superposed pattern is the transparent glass with grooves cut in it at a fixed pitch. The position is sensed by detecting a shift of beam due to difference of a refractive index. And a lower layer is the aluminum with color-coated grooves. The amount of beam reflected on the layer varies according to its targeting position and is detected for encoding. For the above reference pattern, we can detect two-axial positions using only the single beam. Furthermore, the pattern size can be expanded with a size of the detector kept constant, meaning that the measured range can be expanded easily. In this paper, we review the existing optical encoding methods for grid pattern, and discuss the hardware implementation of the suggested surface encoding method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.107.5-107
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• 2001

In this report, as the active position measurement system, a new method for two-dimensional position measurement system using a concept of semi-open type signal field has proposed. The feature of this system is realizing a position measurement only by scanning the encoded laser beams from scanning points to a measurement field, and observed it. First, both system configuration and encoding method are considered concretely, and M-sequence signal is selected for encoding. Next system design is performed to realize the theoretical measurement accuracy, and applied to a position measurement experiments. Experimental results show that measurement precision is larger than theoretical values. Furthermore, method for improving the measurement ...

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2010

In this paper, a new video watermarking algorithm using 3D wavelet transform and position encoding of spread spectrum correlation is proposed as a method for ensuring enough payload in order to protect copyright for video contents. This algorithm provides better robustness than other watermarking methods in bit error and rotation because it uses the position encoding and $4{\times}4$ sample space instead of $1{\times}1$ pixel to express a digit. The evaluation result over 6 video clips shows that the PSNR is over 31dB at strength 11 when histogram is narrow and it satisfies the transparency. Also, it shows the robustness of the proposed watermark algorithm that the BER is 0% to three codecs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.56-59
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• 2003

The Salmonella typhimurium cdd gene encoding cytidine deaminase (cyti-dine/2'-deoxycytidine aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.4.5.) was isolated through shotgun clon-ing by complementation of the E. coli odd mutation. By subsequent deletion and sub-cloning from the original 3.7 Kb of EcoRI insert (pSAMI), the precise region of the cdd structural gene is located around the BglII site in the middle part of 1.7 Kb of NruI/PvuI segment. The 1.7 Kb containing odd gene wag subcloned to the pUC18 vector and the nucleotide sequence of the cdd gene was determined. When the putative ribosorne-binding site (Shine-Dalgarno sequence) and initiation codon were predicted to be GAGG at the position 459 and ATG at the position 470, respectively, there was an open reading frame of 885 nucleotides, encoding an 294 amino acid protein. The cdd gene expression in E. coli JF611/pSAMI was amplified about 50 fold compared to that of the wild type. The cdd gene expression was maintained in the stationary phase after rea-ching the peak in the late logarithmic phase.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.2339-2345
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• 2020

Radiation imaging systems consisting of a large number of channels greatly benefit from multiplexing methods to reduce the number of channels with minimizing the system complexity and development cost. In conventional pixelated radiation detector modules, such as anger logic, is used to reduce a large number of channels that transmit signals to a data acquisition system. However, these methods have limitations of electrical noise and distortion at the detector edge. To solve these problems, a multiplexing concept using a digital signal encoding technique based on a time delay method for signals from detectors was developed in this study. The digital encoding multiplexing (DEM) method was developed based on the time-over-threshold (ToT) method to provide more information including the activation time, position, and energy in one-bit line. This is the major advantage of the DEM method as compared with the traditional ToT method providing only energy information. The energy was measured and calibrated by the ToT method. The energy resolution and coincidence time resolution were observed as 16% and 2.4 ns, respectively, with DEM. The position was successfully distributed on each channel. This study demonstrated the feasibility that DEM was useful to reduce the number of detector channels.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

This paper proposes new Steganographic model for VoIP that has very effective method using low bit encoding. Most of Steganographic models using Low bit Encoding have two disadvantages; one is that the existence of hidden secret message can be easily detected by auditory, the other is that the capacity of stego data is low. To solve these problems, this method embed more than one bit in inaudible range, so this method can improve the capacity of the hidden message in cover data. The embedding bit position is determined by using a pseudo random number generator which has seed with remaining message length, so it is hard to detect the stego data produced by the proposed method. This proposed model is able to use not only to communicate wave file with hidden message in VoIP environment but also to hide vary information which is user basic information, authentication system, etc.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.469-477
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of this paper is to present the design and performance of a position encoding circuit for $16{\times}16$ array of position sensitive multi-anode photomultiplier tube for small animal PET scanners. This circuit which reduces the number of readout channels from 256 to 4 channels is based on a charge division method utilizing a resistor array. Materials and Methods: The position encoding circuit was simulated with PSpice before fabrication. The position encoding circuit reads out the signals from H9500 flat panel PMTs (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan) on which $1.5{\times}1.5{\times}7.0\;mm^3$ $L_{0.9}GSO$ ($Lu_{1.8}Gd_{0.2}SiO_{5}:Ce$) crystals were mounted. For coincidence detection, two different PET modules were used. One PET module consisted of a $29{\times}29\;L_{0.9}GSO$ crystal layer, and the other PET module two $28{\times}28$ and $29{\times}29\;L_{0.9}GSO$ crystal layers which have relative offsets by half a crystal pitch in x- and y-directions. The crystal mapping algorithm was also developed to identify crystals. Results: Each crystal was clearly visible in flood images. The crystal identification capability was enhanced further by changing the values of resistors near the edge of the resistor array. Energy resolutions of individual crystal were about 11.6%(SD 1.6). The flood images were segmented well with the proposed crystal mapping algorithm. Conclusion: The position encoding circuit resulted in a clear separation of crystals and sufficient energy resolutions with H9500 flat-panel PMT and $L_{0.9}GSO$ crystals. This circuit is good enough for use in small animal PET scanners.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.129-130
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• 1999