• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.461-469
• /
• 1998

Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) alkaloids can be considered as cyclized derivatives of simple phenylethy-lamines, and many of them, especially with 6,7-disubstitution, demonstrate relatively high affinity for catecholamines. Two -OH groups at 6 and 7 positions are supposed to be essential to exert ?${\beta}-receptor$ activities. However, it is not clear whether -OH at 6,7 substitution of THIs also shows ?${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$ activities. In the present study, we investigated whether -OH or $-OCH_3$ substitutions of 6,7 position of THIs differently affect the ?1-adrenoceptor affinity. We synthesized two 1-naphthylmethyl THI alkaloids, $1-{\beta}-naphthylmethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline$ HBr (YS 51) and $1-{\beta}-naphthylmethyl-6, 7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline$ HCl (YS 55), and their pharmacological actions on ?${\alpha}_1-adrenoceptor$ were compared. YS 51 and YS 55, concentration-dependently relaxed endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 0.1 ${\mu}M$) in which $pEC_{50}$ were $5.89{\pm}0.21$ and $5.93{\pm}0.19$, respectively. Propranolol (30 nM) did not affect the relaxation-response curves to YS 51 and YS 55. Concentration-response curves to PE were shifted to right by the pretreatment with YS 51 or YS 55. The $pA_2$ values of YS 51 and YS 55 showed $6.05{\pm}0.24$ and $5.88{\pm}0.16$, respectively. Both probes relaxed KCl (65.4 mM)-contracted aorta and inhibited $CaCl_2-induced$ contraction of PE-stimulated endothelium- denuded rat thoracic aorta in $Ca^{2+}-free$ solutions. In isolated guinea pig papillary muscle, 1 and 10 ${\mu}M$ YS 51 increased contractile force about 4- and 8- fold over the control, respectively, along with the concentration-dependent increment of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ ions. While, 10 ${\mu}M$ YS 55 reduced the contractile force about 50 % over the control and lowered the cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ level, in rat brain homogenates, YS 51 and YS 55 displaced $[^3H]prazosin$ binding competitively with Ki 0.15 and 0.12 ${\mu}M$, respectively. However, both probes were ineffective on $[^3H]nitrendipine$ binding. Therefore, it is concluded that two synthetic naphthylmethyl-THI alkaloids have considerable affinity to ?1-adrenenoceptors in rat aorta and brain.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.345-350
• /
• 2009

경주-감포간 국도건설공사 중 양북터널의 종점부측은 산악지형으로 도로가 산지의 사면으로 통과하기 때문에 대절토 구간으로 이루어져 있다. 이 구간에 사면안정공법으로 PAP옹벽을 설치하였다. 옹벽을 설치한 후 6개월 정도가 지나면서부터 PAP옹벽의 앵커체 일부가 파단되었다. 즉시 계측기를 추가 배치하고 응급조치를 한 다음 지금까지의 계측기록으로 역해석을 실시하였다. 동시에 앵커체의 정착부를 확인하기 위한 지층조사와 앵커체의 이상여부를 확인하는 인장시험을 실시하였다. 역해석 결과 당초 설계에 적용한 토질정수의 90%를 적용함이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 근거로 재설계를 시행하였으며, 재설계의 결과는 당초 허용응력 306 kN이던 앵커체를 591 kN 및 784 kN의 앵커체로 교체하고, 정착부의 위치를 당초 11.0 m에서 23.0 m를 증가시켰다. 앵커체를 교체한 후 약 5개월 정도가 지난 지금까지의 계측 결과는 안정된 상태를 보여주고 있다. 이 사례는 대형사고로 이어질 수 있었던 사례를 신속하고 정확한 조치로 사면을 안정화시킨 사례이다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2003

다목적실용위성(KOMPASA) 태양전지판을 전개하기 위해 사용되는 Strain Energy Hinge(SEH)는 신뢰성 있는 전개를 보장하지만, 태양전지판이 완전 전개되는 순간, 큰 좌굴충격력을 유발하여 위성의 구조적 안정성이나 자세제어에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 전개장치의 설계단계에서부터 동역학적인 평가가 필요하다. 더욱이 위성의 임무가 다양해짐에 따라 태양전지판의 면적이 커지면서 보다 실제적이고 정확한 해석을 위해서는 태양전지판의 탄성변형 효과도 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 SE H를 이용하여 탄성효과가 큰 태양전지판을 전개할 때 발생하는 동적 특성들을 예측할 수 있도록 동력학 해석절차를 제시하였으며 다목적실용위성 2호의 태양전지판 전개시험을 통하여 해석결과의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2002

In accordance with the development plans of Ulsan harbor, Ulsan new harbor will be contructed considering supporting Ulsan harbor as a safe berthing and departure at single buoy mooring(SBM). In this study, we used a full-mission ship handling simulator adopting 300,000 DWT VLCC manoeuvered at the planned Ulsan SBM. Five masters who have had a long experience of ship maneuvering were called to carry out the simulations, of which each scenario were tried one, completed total of 68 times. The marine traffic safety was assessed in terms of 1) the closest point of approach(CPA) to other SBM and breakwater in the vicinity and the probability of crossing the restricted area of the closest SBM and fairway limit, 2) subjective evaluation such as the mental burden and the maneuvering difficulty of shiphanders, and 3) the opinions of shiphandlers. From the result of this simulation, we have a conclusion as follows; First, because crude oil berthing angle is so small by current S-OiL Co. crude oil buoy by SK Co. No 3 crude oil buoy different view SK Co. No 3 crude oil buoy and interference of current KNOC crude oil buoy, Berthing is impossible, and Emergency departing is very dangerous too operation impossible. Second it is desirable that SK Co. No 2 and No 3 Single buoy Mooring that do different view controls position so that to be not put in straight line each other. Third, SK Co. No 1 and 2 single buoy mooring that do different view to Onsanhang berthing and departing is seized by single buoy mooring by external force ship that set sail does faith control need.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.993-1014
• /
• 2014

In civil engineering, revolving structures (RS) are a unique structural form applied in innovative architecture design. Such structures are able to revolve around themselves or along a certain track. However, few studies are dedicated to safety design or health monitoring of RS. In this paper, a wireless dynamic sensing system is developed for RS, and field tests toward a large revolving auditorium are conducted accordingly. At first, a wheel-rail problem is proposed: The internal force redistributes in RS, which is due to wheel-rail irregularity. Then the development of the sensing system for RS is presented. It includes system architecture, network organization, vibrating wire sensor (VWS) nodes and online remote control. To keep the sensor network identifiable during revolving, the addresses of sensor nodes are reassigned dynamically when RS position changes. At last, the system is mounted on a huge outdoor revolving auditorium. Considering the influence of the proposed problem, the RS of the auditorium has been designed conservatively. Two field tests are conducted via the sensing system. In the first test, 2000 people are invited to act as the live load. During the revolving process, data is collected from RS in three different load cases. The other test is the online monitoring for the auditorium during the official performances. In the end, the field-testing result verifies the existence of the wheel-rail problem. The result also indicates the dynamic sensing system is applicable and durable even while RS is rotating.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.33-37
• /
• 2012

한경대학교는 산업대 체제에서 일반대 체제로의 전환에 따라서 기존의 교육과정을 혁신적으로 개선한 트랙제 교육과정 제도를 도입하기로 결정하고 트랙제 교육과정 운영방안 연구를 위한 TF 구성 및 교내 구성원들의 다양한 의견을 수렴하는 등 트랙제 제도 도입을 위한 체계적인 준비를 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 2012년 봄학기부터 트랙제 교육과정을 운영하고 있다. 트랙제란 학문이나 특정 분야의 심층성과 전문성을 증대하고자 학과 내 커리큘럼을 세부 전공으로 나누고 학생들이 이를 이수할 경우에 해당 학과/기관에서 각각의 전문성을 보증해 주는 제도이다. 트랙은 기본적으로 특정 교육 대상, 교육 대상의 주로 활동하게 될 직무(직책), 교육의 수준, 교육과정 요구주체(기업 등)가 요구하는 내용으로 맞춤화된 교과목들의 집합이다. 본 논문에서는 트랙제 교육과정 제도의 성공적인 운영을 위한 구체적인 운영방안을 소개하고 트랙제를 운영하는 통합학과 중의 하나인 전기전자제어공학과의 운영을 통해서 발생한 문제점을 제시하고 해결방안을 제시한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.627-636
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 한국무용 시 내면의 아름다움뿐만 아니라, 외면으로 표현되고 기술적으로 한층 세분화된 한국무용의 호흡에 대한 중요성을 인식하는 연구의 필요성을 갖고, 호흡의 사용이 한국무용 걸음체 동작에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 분석하여, 무용의 추상적인 아름다움을 과학적인 근거로 명확하게 제공하는 데 연구의 목적을 갖는다. 연구 결과, 호흡을 사용한 걸음체가 호흡을 사용하지 않는 걸음체 보다 신체중심과 골반이 이동변위가 낮게 나타났다. 슬관절과 족관절의 각변위에서 호흡을 사용하는 걸음체가 호흡을 사용하지 않는 걸음체보다 굴곡되어 굽힘이 많이 사용되었고, 이것은 굴신이 일어나고 있는 시전에서 나타났다. 호흡을 사용한 걸음체 동작은 수직지면반력에서 호흡을 사용하지 않은 걸음체에서 볼 수 없는 pre정점이 나타났고 이것은 한국무용 걸음체 시 호흡이 시작되는 들숨의 시점을 의미하며, 뒤꿈치 닿는 구간(1정점)에서 호흡을 사용한 걸음체의 부하 값이 날숨에 의해 호흡을 사용하지 않는 걸음체 보다 부하 값이 더 크게 나타났다. 전후지면반력 결과 호흡을 사용한 걸음체가 제동력이 더욱 크게 나타났다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.104-113
• /
• 2013

New USNCAP has been carried out by NHTSA including front and side crash from MY2011. In this paper, test results for USNCAP Side crash were reviewed by statistical analysis. This review focused on side crash test results to investigate the effect of changes from new USNCAP side crash test protocol among 30 passenger cars. These results were summarized as followings. Total number of 5 star vehicles on the front seat dummy (16 vehicles, 53.3%) was slightly smaller than the rear seat's (17 vehicles, 56.7%) in MDB test. For the ES-2re dummy, chest injury, ie maximum rib deflection contributed to 66% in the mean value of $P_{joint}$. Pelvis injury was highly dependent upon performance up to 87% in the SID-IIs dummy cited on the rear seat in average $P_{joint}$. For Pole test, pelvis injury made contribution to the average performance to 83%. For standard deviation, it showed the largest value in the same body region as the mean value for each dummy. Overall front seat performance showed 14 vehicles, 44.6% with 5 star vehicles less than each MDB or Pole test result. This result showed that performances in MDB test were different pattern to Pole test on driver position. Number of 5star vehicles for overall side NCAP performance are 18 passenger cars (60%). Curtain airbag and driver thorax airbag were equipped in all test vehicles. One vehicle is equipped with thorax airbag in the rear seat. Results from two side tests considered as reliability problem, ie the cause for large standard deviation in side crash test. Consequently, the countermeasure for new USNCAP side crash test is essential to design the effective side structures for side collision and to control well dummy kinematics with curtain and thorax airbag in order to reduce chest and pelvis injuries.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the swing and aerial motion of Kovacs, and evaluate the skill level of Kovacs by Korean adult players on horizontal bar. Method: The subjects for this study were 6 male top athletes participated in the 46th National Gymnastics against Cities and Provinces. After the motions of Kovacs were filmed by digital highspeed camcorder setting in 90 frames/s, kinematical data were calculated through DLT method. The variables were computed in the lapse time, the joint angle, the position·velocity of body COG, the inferred tension force of bar, and body COG path were simulated according to skill level of Kovacs. Results: Firstly, it was revealed that the lapse time was 1.19±0.03 s in the swing phase, and 0.83±0.03 s in the aerial phase. Secondly, it was revealed that the shoulder·hip joint motions of S1 and S2 were better than the other subjects in the swing phase, and the knee joint motions of S1 and S2 were better than the other subjects in the aerial phase. Thirdly, it was revealed that the horizontal·vertical velocity of body COG were -1.40±0.03 m/s, 3.80±0.07 m/s respectively, and the vertical positions of S1 and S2 were higher a little than the other subjects. Lastly, the skill level of Kovacs of this subjects was evaluated into 3 steps; excellent, advanced, normal. They need to train the swing motion including a giant circle, and body motions in the air. Conclusion: It would be suggested that Korean domestic players should improve to increase the vertical velocity at release instant and train to control the limbs elaborately in the air.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2022

Recently, consumers who prefer contactless consumption are increasing due to pandemic trends such as Corona 19. This is the driving force for developing the last mile-based logistics ecosystem centered on the online e-commerce market. Lastmile led to the continued development of the logistics industry, but increased the amount of cargo in urban area, and caused social problems such as overcrowding of logistics. The courier service in the logistics base area utilizes the process of visiting the delivery site directly because the courier must precede the loading work of the cargo in the truck for the delivery of the ordered product. Currently, it's carried out as automated logistics equipment such as conveyor belt in unloading or classification stage, but the automation system isn't applied, so the work efficiency is decreasing and the intensity of the courier worker's labor is increased. In particular, small-scale courier workers belonging to the sub-terminal unload at night at underdeveloped facilities outside the city center. Therefore, the productivity of the work is lowered and the risk of safety accidents is exposed, so robot-based loading technology is needed. In this paper, we have derived the top-level concept and requirements of robot-based loading system to increase the flexibility of logistics processing and to ensure the safety of courier drivers. We defined algorithms and motion concepts to increase the cargo loading efficiency of logistics sub-terminals through the requirements of end effector technology, which is important among concepts. Finally, the control technique was proposed to determine and position the load for design input development of the automatic conveyor system.