• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.399-402
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• 2002

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) belongs to the class of zinc protease and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory activities of medicinal plant extracts on ACE. Fifty medicinal plants were selected and the extracts were prepared by refluxing with 70% methanol. Among the extracts, eleven medicinal plant extracts such as Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, Petasites japonicus(s.et z.) Max, Rubus coreanus, Morus bombycis Koidz, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Glycyrhiza glabra, Equisetum hyemale, Portulaca oleracea L., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai, Sorbus commixta Hedl, Allium thunbergii showed more than 50% inhibitory activities, and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., lnula helenium, Acanthopanax senticosus Harms, Dendrobium moniliforme, Juglans mandshurica, Zizyphus jujuba, Leonurus artemisia, Aster scaber Thunb, Vitex rotundifolia, Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus persica, Ligularia fischeri showed $40{\sim}49%$ inhibitory activities. Therefore these extracts which contain high ACE inhibitory activities may be useful as antihypertension agents and to the treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2014

The quality characteristics, enzyme activity, and antioxidative activity of fermented wild grass juices were investigated during fermentation and ripening for 6 months. Fermented wild grass juice was prepared from wild grasses (Oenothera biennis, Portulaca oleracea, and Rhus verniciflua) and sugar. Wild grasses and sugar mixed at the same ratio (1:1, w/w) and ripened at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 months after fermentation for 3 months at $20^{\circ}C$. The $^{\circ}Bx$ of all fermented wild grass juices (FWGJ) decreased during fermentation. The pH of all FWGJ decreased gradually during fermentation and did not show any significant difference during ripening. Viscosity of FWGJ increased during fermentation but decreased during ripening periods in all tested samples. Total viable cell of FWGJ decreased after fermentation for 1 month, whereas lactic acid bacteria were not detected during fermentation. Enzyme activity was lower than 1 unit during fermentation and ripening period in all tested FWGJ samples. Enzyme activity of commercial FWGJ (Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Oenanthe javanica, Plantago asiatica L., Platycodon grandiflorum, Orostachys japonicus A.) showed lower activity of 1 unit following invertase, cellulase, and amylase activity.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 1988

In order to get basic information for establishing weed control methods in apple orchards, weed distribution was surveyed at 2 locations in Chungnam Province at 15 days intervals. In apple orchard 48 weed species (18 families) were distributed and Chenopodium album and Polygonum hydropiper were dominated and Digitana sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, and Erigeron canadensis were also abundant among them. Highest number of weeds emerged in April and dry weight of weeds were heavy in June and October, especially in summer broadleaf weeds and winter broadleaf weeds, and winter grasses were abundant in spring. Seasonal Shannon's diversity index(H'), maximum diversity(H max'), eveness (J') for the Shannon diversity index, and Simpson index were high in apple orchards. Interspecific competition was more severe than intraspecific competition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2011

Various herbal medicinal extracts were examined for the development of cosmetic products with anti-oxidative and anti-wrinkle activity. First, total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities of herbal medicinal extracts were measured. Most herbal samples, except for DW extracts of Portulaca oleracea, Caesalpinia sappan, Taraxacum platycarpum, Carthamus tinctorius, and 70% EtOH extracts of Taraxacum platycarpum and Carthamus tinctorius, showed DPPH radical scavenging activity over 80% at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. SOD-like antioxidant activity of DW extracts of Syzygium aromaticum, DW extracts of Eriobtrya japonica and 70% EtOH extracts of Sophora japonica was measured as 40%, 35% and 80%, respectively at a dry matter concentration of $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In elastase inhibition assay, DW extracts of Lycium chinense ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu ($50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) showed 50% and 40% of inhibition, respectively. At a concentration of $1.250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, DW extracts of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extracts of Areca catechu showed 10% and 30% of collagenase inhibition, respectively. Skin and lotion samples were prepared using the two herbal extracts of high anti-wrinkle activity: Lycium chinense extract and Areca catechu extract. The storage stability of skin and lotion containing each of the selected herbal extracts was evaluated. pH and viscosity were used as stability indicators for the stability test under different storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The skin and lotion containing each of DW extract of Lycium chinense and 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu was showed high pH and viscosity stability. The skin and lotion containing DW extracts of Lycium chinense showed relatively higher stability than the skin and lotion containing 70% EtOH extract of Areca catechu, at cycle chamber and freeze-thaw conditions. In summary, these results indicated that cosmetics containing DW extract of Lycium chinense were relatively stable, and this herbal extract could be used as a stable functional cosmetic material.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Cutellaria baicalensis George extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Cutellaria baicalensis George was extracted with methanol at room temperatures, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Cutellaria baicalensis George was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Cutellaria baicalensis George extracts was determined using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The synergistic effect has been found in combined extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George and Portulaca oleracea as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. The ethyl acetate extract of Cutellaria baicalensis George showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. The 4,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Cutellaria baicalensis George retarded the growth of S. aureus more than 24 hours and Shigella dysenteriae up to 36 hours. The ethyl acetate extracts of Cutellaria baicalensis George has been shown the antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to utilize the basic data for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species and the degree of damages caused by those weeds occurred in cultivated Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen fields. Survey was carried out three times, from June to September in 2013. The weed flora was composed of a total of 98 weeds, 33 family, of which 58 species were annual, 21 species were biennial, and 19 were perennial plants. Thirty-one exotic species were included as well. Dominance was the highest with Digitaria ciliaris followed by Acalypha australis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Portulaca oleracea, Bidens frondosa etc. in order. In the PCA plot analysis, weeds occurred in C. lacryma-jobi var. mayuen fields were divided into three groups, Panicum dichotomitlorum community, Echinochloa crus-galli-Sigesbeckia pubescens community and Acalypha australis community. Yield of C. lacryma-jobi var. mayuen was reduced 60% in no weeding plots comparing to that in weed management plots.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.512-519
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• 2013

The antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from medicinal plants (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, Pueraria lobata Ohwi, Portulaca oleracea Linne, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider, Euonymus alatus Apterus, Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, Prunus yedoensis Matsumura, Albizzia julibrissin Durazz., Chrysanthemum indicum Linne) were evaluated for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radicals, nitrites, $Superoxide^-$ radicals, $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. Antioxidant capacities were the highest in Prunus yedoensis Matsumura for DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ $5.39{\mu}g/mL$), reducing power (2.72, $A_{700}$), and nitrite scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ $167.94{\mu}g/mL$). Hovenia dulcis Thunberg and Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman were effective for their nitrite scavenging activities (over 90% at 1 mg/mL). The $Superoxide^-$ radical scavenging activity of Prunus yedoensis Matsumura ($IC_{50}$ $43.39{\mu}g/mL$) was stronger than tannic acid ($IC_{50}$ $46.51{\mu}g/mL$). Five samples (Prunus yedoensis Matsumura, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) were effective for their $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity (more than 90% at 0.5 mg/mL). These results suggest that the ethanolic extracts of Prunus yedoensis Matsumura could be used as a functional ingredient in food products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.234-240
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• 1988

Some chloroacetamide derivatives were synthesized from 2,6-dialkyl, aniline 4-chloroaniline, or 3,4-dichloroaniline with alkyl 2-bromopropionate and chloroacetyl chloride and identified by elemental analyses, NMR, and GC/MS spectra as N-(1'-methoxycarbonylethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2,6-dimethylaniline(ACRI-S-8609), etc. These compounds synthesized were subjected to the test for pre-emergence herbicidal effecs on some grass weeds(Digitaria adscendens, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crus-galli) and broad leaf weeds(Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Chenopodium album) in pots applied as wettable powder formulations. It was found that N-(1'-ethoxycarbonylethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2,6-dimethylaniline(ACRI-S-8701) has the highest herbicidal effect on grass weeds, which corresponds to a 95% control effect at an application of 200g a.i/10a. Whereas, some chloroacetamide derivatives derived from 4-chloroaniline or 3,4-dichloroaniline had very weak herbicidal effects on grass and broad leaf weeds.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

In order to get basic information for establishing weed control methods in greenhouse, weed distribution was surveyed at 42 greenhouses in 10 cities and counties of Gyeongnam and Junnam area from September to December, 1995. Sixty nine weed species in 23 families which were composed of 28 annuals, 16 biennials and 25 perennials were identified. Broadleaf weed species was 50 species, followed by 8 species in grasses, and 11 species in sedges. Cruciferae was the most widely occurring family belong to 9 species, followed by 8 species in Compositae, Cyperaceae and Gramineae, respectively, 6 species in Polygonaceae, and the other 17 families have 1~3 species. The dominant weed species occurred in greenhouses based on summed dominance ratio of weeds were Cardamine flexuosa var. fallax, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Stellaria aquatica, Centipeda minima, Mollugo pentaphylla, Portulaca oleracea, Rorippa islandica.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in upland crop fields in Gyeongnam province of Korea. The result of this survey, 55 weed species 21 families in barley fields, 56 weed species 22 families in garlic fields, 47 weed species 19 families in onion fields, 68 weed species 26 families in Chinese cabbage fields, 54 weed species 22 families in potato fields, 62 weed species 25 families in sweet potato fields, 87 weed species 29 families in red pepper fields, 79 weed species 28 families in corn fields, 84 weed species 29 families in soybean fields. The most dominant weed species in upland crop fields of Gyeongnam province were Alopecurus aequalis var. amurensis 20.7% (barley fields), Cardamine flexuosa 12.3% (garlic fields), Chenopodium ficifolium 18.7% (onion fields), Portulaca oleracea 8.1% (Chinese cabbage fields), Chenopodium ficifolium 13% (potato fields), Digitaria ciliaris 12.6% (sweet potato fields and red pepper fields) and Digitaria ciliaris 11.3% (corn fields), 13.2% (soybean fields). This information could be useful for establishment of future weed control methods in Gyeongnam province.