• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1756-1762
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• 2002

To effectively meet current regulations on the exhaust emissions of diesel engine required to control the deterioration of air pollution in the whole world, this study is to investigate the effects of water induction through the air intake system on the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in IDI diesel engine. A method fur supplying water through the air intake system to reduce the exhaust emissions has been considered with other methods such as water introduction in the form of water-in-fuel emulsion or water injection directly into the combustion chamber, but it has not been studied about the effects of water on the combustion concepts and the characteristics of exhaust emissions in detail until now. In this study, the formation of NOx was significantly suppressed by decreasing the gas peak temperature during the initial combustion process because the water play a role as a heat sink during evaporating in the combustion chamber, but the smoke was slightly increased by increasing water amount.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2018년도 공동국제학술발표회
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• pp.127-127
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• 2018

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

During cold operation, fuel injection in the intake port directly contributes to the unburned hydrocarbon formation in spark ignition engines. The relationship between injection parameters and HC emission behavior was investigated through a series of experiments. Spray behavior of port fuel injectors was characterized through a quantitative evaluation of mass concentration of liquid fuel by a patternator and PDA(Phase-Doppler. Anemometer). A 6-hole injector was found to produce finer spray than single hole injector. Using a purpose-built wall, the wetted fuel was measured, which was mostly affected by wall temperature. HC emissions were measured in a production engine varying coolant temperature$(20~80^{\circ}C)$, also with respect to the different types of injectors. In the 6-hole injector application, the engine produced less HC emission in low coolant temperature region. Though it produces much more amount of wetting fuel, it has the advantages of finer atomization quality. In high coolant temperature region, there was little effect by different types of injectors. The control schemes to reduce HC emissions during cold start could be suggested from the findings that the amount of fuel supply and HC emission could be reduced by utilizing fine spray and high intake wall temperature.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1563-1571
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• 2003

A fast response NO analyzer was applied to investigate the relation between cycle-by-cycle NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure. NO emissions were sampled at an isolated exhaust manifold of 4-stroke spark ignition engine to avoid the interference of exhaust gas from other cylinders. The linear correlation analysis was performed with collected data of NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure with respect to the various air-fuel mixture ratios and engine loads. The sampled data sets were obtained during 200 cycles at each operating condition. The results showed that there was a typical pattern in NO emissions from an exhaust port through a cycle. It was possible to set a block of crank angle in which the linear correlation coefficient between NO emissions and combustion chamber pressure was high. As the engine load increased, NO emissions were more dependent on combustion chamber pressure after TDC. It was also analyzed that the correlation between two parameters with respect to air-fuel mixture ratio tended to increase as mixture went leaner. Furthermore, this correlation coefficient for the mixture near the lean limit seemed to be kept high even though combustion was unstable.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.110-111
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• 2023

최근 탄소중립이 전 세계적인 이슈로 부상함에 따라, 해양수산부의 탄소중립로드맵이 수립되고 해양수산 전체적으로 탄소중립 달성을 목표로 다양한 전략이 제시되고 있다. 항만분야도 온실가스 감축 대상에 포함되나 자료수집의 한계 및 인벤토리 구축의 미흡으로 탄소배출량 측정이 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 탄소중립항만 구축을 위해서는 배출량을 산정하고 전망하여 감축목표를 설정이 필수적이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 현재 널리 활용되고 있는 IPCC Guildeline의 배출량 산정 방식에 따라, 국내 항만 장비에서 배출되는 이산화탄소를 산정하고 장래 배출량을 추정하였다. 분석 결과 2020년 물동량 기준으로 약 42만 톤의 이산화탄소가 배출되었으며, 물동량 증가에 비례하여 배출량은 지속 증가하며 2050년 기준 약 72만 톤이 배출될 것으로 전망된다. 항만의 탄소중립 실현을 위해서는 우선적으로 유류에 기인하는 장비를 대상으로 동력원을 친환경 연료로 전환하여 배출량 감축을 추진할 수 있으며, 컨테이너, 잡화 등을 하역작업이 다소 복잡한 부두를 대상으로 배출량 감축 노력이 요구된다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.107-122
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• 2023

본 연구는 3년간 단계적으로 도입되고 있는 선박 연료유 황 함유량 규제정책의 대기오염물질 배출저감 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 부가적으로 VSR과 AMP의 배출저감 효과도 분석하였다. 분석은 EEA에서 제공하고 있는 NOx, CO, VOC, SOx, TSP, PM10, PM2.5를 대상으로 하였으며, 분석의 공간적 범위는 우리나라 수도권에 위치하여 대기오염에 대한 파급효과가 큰 인천항을 대상으로 하였다. 분석은 다음과 같이 시나리오 1: 정책이 없는 경우 시나리오 2: 연료유 황 함량 규제만 시행하는 경우 시나리오 3: 연료유 황 함량 규제, VSR, AMP를 반영하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 시나리오 1의 경우 3년의 기간 동안 4,801톤, 4,932톤, 5,144톤의 대기오염물질이 배출된 것으로 나타났다. 시나리오 2는 4,219톤, 4,152톤, 3,989톤이 배출되었고, 시나리오 3은 4,198톤, 4,138톤, 3,973톤이 배출된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 항만 대기환경관리와 인천광역시 대기관리의 기초연구로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2019

Ports play a key role in international trade, as integral hubs where passengers and cargoes are loaded, discharged, and transshipped. However, the function of ports is becoming more diversified, expanding on roles as industrial clusters, as well as logistical centers. Such roles combined, reap numerous and significant benefits, mainly with growth of jobs and wealth creation, for the local population living in the city, and beyond. Citizens' awareness of the function and value of ports may not be positive, because of a range of negative factors such as emissions, noise, and road congestion, which can influence their perception. This study's contribution focuses on empirically evaluating the perception of Busan citizens of the local port, by applying Q methodology. The links connecting the port-city and local population, are assessed by identifying: 1) The level of awareness of the Busan citizens of the port; 2) Factors perceived as positive as well as factors perceived as negative by Busan citizens. There are four main factors, derived from the analysis: 1) Port functional knowledge; 2) Lack of social connectedness port-city; 3) Environmentally concerned and; 4) Absent port's ripple's effect. Policy recommendations suggest focusing on improving citizens' perception of the port, for each of the four main factors derived from the analysis.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2022

This study calculated the on-site measurement (Tier 4) of greenhouse gases emitted during the production stage of major fishing periods that utilize set nets and bamboo weir fishing boats. In addition, using theoretically calculated results (Tier 1), the emission factor presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was comparatively analyzed. On average, carbon emissions for each operating period in the bamboo weir and set net were calculated to be 0.16 and 3.58 kg CO₂ time^-1, respectively; and the measurement values (Tier 4) for each tool were about 4-17 times lower than their respective theoretical values (Tier 1). Significant differences were found based on engine performance. As port entry, port departure, and operating periods of the vessels show negligible variation with short distances, the operation of the vessel engine was considered as the main variable for carbon emissions in anchovy set net fishing.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2024

As there is growing concern about the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions from ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced several regulations targeting reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 50% by 2050. This study pays particular attention to the carbon intensity indicator (CII) and investigates the impact of slow steaming, one of the short-term measures in the regulation, on containership operations. To this end, a dataset of 8 containerships with various ages and sizes was collected. Based on operation data in 2021, the CII ratings of the containerships were estimated in the business-as-usual scenario for the 2023-2030 period. Then, the speed reductions required to keep the minimum CII rating were calculated for individual containerships. Finally, working day losses resulting from the speed reductions were calculated. The findings in this study were threefold. First, it was found that containerships will undergo degradation in the CII rating every 3 or 4 years without slow steaming. Second, a speed reduction of 2 knots between 2023 and 2030 is required to keep the minimum CII rating. Finally, speed reductions result in the loss of as many as 6 or 7 working days per year.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze that intake port swirl and fuel injection system have an effect on the engine performance in a turbocharged D.I. diesel engine of the displacement 9.4L. As result of steady flow test, when the valve eccentricity ratio moved to cylinder wall, the flow coefficient and swirl intensity is increased. And as the swirl is increased, the mean flow coefficient is decreased, whereas the Gulf factor is increased. Through this engine test, it can be expected to meet performance and emissions by the following applied parameters; the swirl ratio is 2.43, injection timing is BTDC 13oCA and compression is 15.5.