• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Busan is the 6th largest port city in the world, where nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions from transportation and port industries are significant. This study aims to assess the NO₂ products of the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) over Busan using ground-based instruments (i.e., surface in-situ network and Pandora). The GEMS vertical column densities of NO₂ showed reasonable consistency in the spatiotemporal variations, comparable to the previous studies. The GEMS data showed a consistent seasonal trend of NO₂ with the Korea Ministry of Environment network and Pandora in 2022, which is higher in winter and lower in summer. These agreements prove the capability of the GEMS data to monitor the air quality in Busan. The correlation coefficient and the mean bias error between the GEMS and Pandora NO₂ over Busan in 2022 were 0.53 and 0.023 DU, respectively. The GEMS NO₂ data were also positively correlated with the ground-based in-situ network with a correlation coefficient of 0.42. However, due to the significant spatiotemporal variabilities of the NO₂, the GEMS footprint size can hardly resolve small-scale variabilities such as the emissions from the road and point sources. In addition, relative biases of the GEMS NO₂ retrievals to the Pandora data showed seasonal variabilities, which is attributable to the air mass factor estimation of the GEMS. Further studies with more measurement locations for longer periods of data can better contribute to assessing the GEMS NO₂ data. Reliable GEMS data can further help us understand the Asian air quality with the diurnal variabilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1042-1045
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a new method for the monitoring of Electric Control Unit's(ECU) self-diagnostic and the sensor signals of vehicle through Web. In order to measure the ECU's self-diagnostic and sensor signals, the interfaced circuit is designed to communicate ECU and terminal according to the ISO, SAE regulation of communication protocol standard. Microprocessor 80C196KC is used for communicating ECU's self-diagnostic signals and the results are sent to the Embedded Linux System(ELS) through RF module. ELS is developed by SA1110, RF module, Embedded Linux. All commands related in ECU communication are executed through Web. The CGI program composed in web server is executed by user and will return sensor signals from ECU Software on Embedded Linux system is developed to monitor the ECU's sensor signals using the arm compiler tool chain in which RS232 port is programmed by half duplex method. The possibility for remote measurement of ECU sensor signal through Web is verified through the developed systems and algorithms.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.2 s.89
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• pp.132-139
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• 2006

Number of aerosol, CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC after one-, two-, three-cigarettes smoking were monitored with time every 10 minute for 180 minutes in the seminar room (volume $51.1m^3$) when poorly-ventilated. IAQ monitor (IAQRAE, model PGM-5210) and PortCount (TSI, model 8020) were used for monitoring. Aerosol was decreased with exponential decay equation and it was estimated that number of aerosol would be long suspended (one cigarette 75/cc. two cigarettes 66/cc, three cigarettes 141/cc by 8hrs after smoking). While CO was also decreased with exponential or linear decay equation and correlated with number of aerosol strongly, TVOC and $CO_2$ were increased with linear equation in accordance with time lag. Most of TVOC and $CO_2$ were above standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality (Ministry of Environment) without regarding number of cigarettes. When naturally ventilated, all of CO, $CO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were dramatically decreased below standard levels of Korean Indoor Air Quality.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2014

This study presents a steel container crane movement analysis and assessment based on structural health monitoring (SHM). The accelerometers are used to monitor the dynamic crane behavior and a 3-D finite element model (FEM) was designed to express the static displacement of the crane under the different load cases. The multi-input single-output nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NNARX) model is used to identify the crane dynamic displacements. The FEM analysis and the identification model are used to investigate the safety and the vibration state of the crane in both time and frequency domains. Moreover, the SHM system is used based on the FEM analysis to assess the crane behavior. The analysis results indicate that: (1) the mean relative dynamic displacement can reveal the relative static movement of structures under environmental load; (2) the environmental load conditions clearly affect the crane deformations in different load cases; (3) the crane deformations are shown within the safe limits under different loads.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

An integrated real-time monitoring software for coastal environment has been developed by using GUI. The system consists of modeling module, real-time monitoring module, and post-processing module of the modeling and monitoring results. The system was applied to a port construction site. The main purpose for the system is to setup the information system that user can obtain the environmental information easily and quickly. The system can be used to monitor environmental changes due to construction activities in coastal waters and to assess environmental impacts accurately in real-time. In conclusion, the system will be a good tool for finding out countermeasures to lessen water pollution and clean seawater.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

In this paper we describe an efficient and easy to use network monitoring system which can identify network configuration automatically by means of capturing and analyzing the ARP broadcasting packets. After identifying network nodes, it gathers detail information of each node such as NETBIOS name and number of hop counts using ICMP and then shows subnet configuration with graphical method. This monitoring system also has a subset of intrusion detection system that can monitor any port scanning trial. With this automatic network configuration functions, it helps to lessen address keeping track overhead which is crucial for network monitoring so that it provides efficient network management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.60-70
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• 2000

In this paper a 3D position measuring device that finds the 3D position of an arbitarily placed object using a camersa system is introduced. The camera system consists of three stepping motors and a CCD camera and a laser. The viewing direction of the camera is controlled by two stepping motors (pan and tilt motors) and the direction of a laser is also controlled by a stepping motors(laser motor). If an object in a remote place is selected from a live video image the x,y,z coordinates of the object with respect to the reference coordinate system can be obtained by calculating the distance from the camera to the object using a structured light scheme and by obtaining the orientation of the camera that is controlled by two stepping motors. The angles o f stepping motors are controlled by a SGI O2 workstation through a parallel port. The mathematical model of the camera and the distance measuring system are calibrated to calculate an accurate position of the object. This 3D position measuring device can be used to acquire information that is necessary to monitor a remote place.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2024

VTS operators monitor movements of vessels within their jurisdiction and provide necessary information to ensure safe navigation. This involves communication with vessels within the VTS area. Contents of these communications are manually recorded in logbooks. However, manual logging faces limitations due to its inability to document details comprehensively and the challenge of constant recording amidst various duties. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the workload associated with manual logkeeping by examining eye movements of VTS operators. Eye-tracking devices were used to measure gaze patterns of VTS operator at the Busan Port. Results indicated that approximately 65% of the VTS operators' gaze was directed towards the operation consoles, which were focal points for marine traffic information. In contrast, only about 9% of their gaze was directed towards logbooks. These findings suggest that while VTS operators predominantly focus on areas related to information gathering and dissemination, logbooks, being information-recording zones, receive minimal attention. For effective traffic management, the primary focus should be on information processing and provision rather than manual documentation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_4
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• pp.1173-1183
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• 2023

Over the past 20 years, Korea's overall import and export cargo volume has increased at an average annual rate of approximately 5.3%. About 99% of the cargo is still being transported by sea. Due to recent increases in maritime cargo volume, congestion in maritime logistics has become challenging due to factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and conflicts. Continuous monitoring of ports has become crucial. Various ground observation systems and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data have been utilized for monitoring ports and conducting numerous preliminary studies for the efficient operation of container terminals and cargo volume prediction. However, small and developing countries' ports face difficulties in monitoring due to environmental issues and aging infrastructure compared to large ports. Recently, with the increasing utility of artificial satellites, preliminary studies have been conducted using satellite imagery for continuous maritime cargo data collection and establishing ocean monitoring systems in vast and hard-to-reach areas. This study aims to visually detect ships docked at berths in the Busan New Port using high-resolution satellite imagery and quantitatively evaluate berth utilization rates. By utilizing high-resolution satellite imagery from Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1 (CAS500-1), Korea Multi-Purpose satellite-3 (KOMPSAT-3), PlanetScope, and Sentinel-2A, ships docked within the port berths were visually detected. The berth utilization rate was calculated using the total number of ships that could be docked at the berths. The results showed variations in berth utilization rates on June 2, 2022, with values of 0.67, 0.7, and 0.59, indicating fluctuations based on the time of satellite image capture. On June 3, 2022, the value remained at 0.7, signifying a consistent berth utilization rate despite changes in ship types. A higher berth utilization rate indicates active operations at the berth. This information can assist in basic planning for new ship operation schedules, as congested berths can lead to longer waiting times for ships in anchorages, potentially resulting in increased freight rates. The duration of operations at berths can vary from several hours to several days. The results of calculating changes in ships at berths based on differences in satellite image capture times, even with a time difference of 4 minutes and 49 seconds, demonstrated variations in ship presence. With short observation intervals and the utilization of high-resolution satellite imagery, continuous monitoring within ports can be achieved. Additionally, utilizing satellite imagery to monitor changes in ships at berths in minute increments could prove useful for small and developing country ports where harbor management is not well-established, offering valuable insights and solutions.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

To protect tangible and intangible assets, most of the companies are conducting information protection monitoring by using various security equipment in the IT service network. As the security equipment that needs to be protected increases in the process of upgrading and expanding the service network, it is difficult to monitor the possible exposure to the attack for the entire service network. As a countermeasure to this, various studies have been conducted to detect external attacks and illegal communication of equipment, but studies on effective monitoring of the open service ports and construction of illegal communication monitoring system for large-scale service networks are insufficient. In this study, we propose a framework that can monitor information leakage and illegal communication attempts in a wide range of service networks without large-scale investment by analyzing 'Netflow statistical information' of backbone network equipment, which is the gateway to the entire data flow of the IT service network. By using machine learning algorithms to the Netfllow data, we could obtain the high classification accuracy of 94% in identifying whether the Telnet service port of operating equipment is open or not, and we could track the illegal communication of the damaged equipment by using the illegal communication history of the damaged equipment.